Measuring military university Students’ motivational goals in the domain of physical exercise

Model	X²	CFI	SRMR
Measurement (four-dimensional)	156.8 (48)	0.83	0.095
Modified measurement The error covariance between one pair of similarly worded items was freed.	100.2 (47)	0.94	0.079
Two-dimensional Combined mastery and performance dimensions.	218.2 (43)	0.80	0.122
Modified two-dimensional The error covariance between two pairs of similarly worded items was freed.	102.3 (51)	0.93	0.108
Three-dimensional Mastery-extrinsic orientation excluded.	64.9 (24)	0.93	0.085
Modified three-dimensional The error covariance between one pair of similarly worded items was freed.	52.15 (23)	0.95	0.075
Reduced four-dimensional Excluded one item from mastery-intrinsic and performance-approach dimensions.	153.31 (32)	0.84	0.075
Modified and reduced	57.05 (31)	0.96	0.054
four-dimensional The error covariance between one pair of similarly worded items was freed.

Zero-order correlations and descriptive statistics.

	M	SD	1	2		3		4
Two-dimensional solution
1. 2Dmastery orientation	5.92	0.94	–					−
2. 2Dperformance orientation	3.52	1.14	0.13		–
Three-dimensional solution
1. 3Dmastery-intrinsic orientation	6.23	0.85	–
2. 3Dperformance-approach orientation	4.35	1.30	0.32 p<0.001.		–
3. 3Dperformance-avoidance orientation	2.70	1.29	−0.08	0.36 p<0.001.			–
Reduced four-dimensional solution
1. R4Dmastery-intrinsic orientation	6.46	0.82	–
2. R4Dmastery-extrinsic orientation	5.61	1.20	0.54 p<0.001.		–
3. R4Dperformance-approach orientation	4.74	1.41	0.16	0.34 p<0.001.			–
4. R4Dperformance-avoidance orientation	2.70	1.29	−0.15	−0.02		0.45 p<0.001.		–

Factor loadings, internal consistencies and corrected item–total correlations for parallel solutions.

Factor	Item

	α	λ	r_cit	Original scale
Two-dimensional model (58.1% of variance explained), goodness-of-fit χ²/df=160.3/34,p<0.001
Factor 1	0.89
26. To develop as much as possible is an important goal for me in my training.		0.85	0.75	Mast-int
4. An important goal for me is to get good results in sports.		0.84	0.78	Mast-ext
28. Getting good results is important for me.		0.82	0.74	Mast-ext
34. My goal is to do well in training.		0.79	0.73	Mast-ext
11. I train to improve and develop my fitness level.		0.72	0.68	Mast-int
17. To develop is an important goal for me in my training.		0.64	0.60	Mast-int
Factor 2	0.81
24. It is important for me not to fail in front of other people when I exercise.		0.82	0.72	Perf-avo
9. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might look less fit or weak.		0.82	0.65	Perf-avo
16. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might fail or make mistakes.		0.82	0.64	Perf-avo
29. It is important for me that others think that I am competent and fit.		0.50	0.52	Perf-appr
22. It feels really good if I manage to show others that I am really fit.		0.48	0.50	Perf-appr
Three-dimensional model (64.6% of variance explained), goodness-of-fit χ²/df=16.6/12,p=0.166
Factor 1	0.87
16. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might fail or make mistakes.		0.89	0.77	Perf-avo
9. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might look less fit or weak.		0.79	0.75	Perf-avo
24. It is important for me not to fail in front of other people when I exercise.		0.75	0.71	Perf-avo
Factor 2	0.81
11. I train to improve and develop my fitness level.		0.91	0.76	Mast-int
17. To develop is an important goal for me in my training.		0.87	0.73	Mast-int
26. To develop as much as possible is an important goal for me in my training.		0.65	0.58	Mast-int
Factor 3	0.68
29. It is important for me that others think that I am competent and fit.		0.76	0.61	Perf-appr
1. An important goal for me when I exercise is to do better than other people.		0.60	0.42	Perf-appr
22. It feels really good if I manage to show others that I am really fit.		0.53	0.48	Perf-appr
Reduced four-dimensional model (71.5% of variance explained), goodness-of-fit χ²/df=16.5/11,p=0.123
Factor 1	0.87
28. Getting good results is important for me.		0.89	0.78	Mast-ext
4. An important goal for me is to get good results in sports.		0.78	0.78	Mast-ext
34. My goal is to do well in training.		0.71	0.71	Mast-ext
Factor 2	0.87
16. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might fail or make mistakes.		0.85	0.77	Perf-avo
9. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might look less fit or weak.		0.82	0.75	Perf-avo
24. It is important for me not to fail in front of other people when I exercise.		0.73	0.71	Perf-avo
Factor 3	0.89
11. I train to improve and develop my fitness level.		0.93	0.81 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution.	Mast-int
17. To develop is an important goal for me in my training.		0.75	0.81 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution.	Mast-int
Factor 4	0.70
29. It is important for me that others think that I am competent and fit.		0.76	0.54 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution.	Perf-appr
22. It feels really good if I manage to show others that I am really fit.		0.58	0.54 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution.	Perf-appr

eISSN:: 1799-3350
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Calendario de la edición:: Volume Open
Temas de la revista:: History, Topics in History, Military History, Social Sciences, Political Science, Military Policy

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Measuring military university Students’ motivational goals in the domain of physical exercise

Article Category: Research Article

Publicado en línea: 31 dic 2016

Páginas: 1 - 10

Recibido: 10 dic 2015

Aceptado: 22 abr 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0001

Palabras clavemotivation, physical training, achievement goal orientation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis

© 2016, Antti-Tuomas Pulkka

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Goodness-of-fit criteria for the compared models.

Zero-order correlations and descriptive statistics.

Factor loadings, internal consistencies and corrected item–total correlations for parallel solutions.

Palabras clave
motivation, physical training, achievement goal orientation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis