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Interpretation of soil erosion in a Polish loess area using OSL, 137Cs, 210Pbex, dendrochronology and micromorphology – case study: Biedrzykowice site (s Poland)

Grzegorz Poręba
Grzegorz Poręba
, 
Zbigniew Śnieszko
Zbigniew Śnieszko
, 
Piotr Moska
Piotr Moska
, 
Przemysław Mroczek
Przemysław Mroczek
 y 
Ireneusz Malik
Ireneusz Malik
   | 11 may 2019
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Article Category: Regular Articles
Publicado en línea: 11 may 2019
Páginas: 57 - 78
Recibido: 16 feb 2018
Aceptado: 03 abr 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0109
Palabras clave
© 2018 G. Poręba. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

A – Location of research area on the map of loess distribution (yellow patches) in southern Poland; B – DEM model; C – orthophotomap; D – aerial photo
A – Location of research area on the map of loess distribution (yellow patches) in southern Poland; B – DEM model; C – orthophotomap; D – aerial photo

Fig. 2

The spatial patterns of 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories on the studied agricultural field. The data on the figure are expressed in Bq·m–2.
The spatial patterns of 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories on the studied agricultural field. The data on the figure are expressed in Bq·m–2.

Fig. 3

The downslope change of 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories. On the figure is marked the shape of the slope.
The downslope change of 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories. On the figure is marked the shape of the slope.

Fig. 4

Micromorphological features and genetic interpretation of upper part of soil-colluvial sequence in Biedrzykowice.
Micromorphological features and genetic interpretation of upper part of soil-colluvial sequence in Biedrzykowice.

Fig. 5

Micromorphological characteristic of lower part of soil-colluvial sequence in Biedrzykowice. The microphotograph presents massive microstructure in clay-rich soil material.
Micromorphological characteristic of lower part of soil-colluvial sequence in Biedrzykowice. The microphotograph presents massive microstructure in clay-rich soil material.

Fig. 6

Core with eccentric growth of tree (A), and ring reduction (B)
Core with eccentric growth of tree (A), and ring reduction (B)

Fig. 7

The example of depth distributions of 137Cs and 210Pbex for a reference site.
The example of depth distributions of 137Cs and 210Pbex for a reference site.

Fig. 8

a) The calculated annual 137Cs inventories based on precipitation data and model Sarmiento-Gwinn for a study site; b) The calculated monthly 137Cs inventories based on precipitation data and model Sarmiento-Gwinn for a study site for the period 1962–1964
a) The calculated annual 137Cs inventories based on precipitation data and model Sarmiento-Gwinn for a study site; b) The calculated monthly 137Cs inventories based on precipitation data and model Sarmiento-Gwinn for a study site for the period 1962–1964

Fig. 9

The spatial patterns soil erosion and sediment accumulation calculated by different models based on radionuclide inventories on the studied agricultural field: a) proportional model based on 137Cs inventories, b) simplified mass balance model based on 137Cs inventories, c) improved mass balance model based on 137Cs inventories, d) improved mass balance model based on 210Pbex inventories.
The spatial patterns soil erosion and sediment accumulation calculated by different models based on radionuclide inventories on the studied agricultural field: a) proportional model based on 137Cs inventories, b) simplified mass balance model based on 137Cs inventories, c) improved mass balance model based on 137Cs inventories, d) improved mass balance model based on 210Pbex inventories.

Fig. 10

The depth distribution of the 137Cs and 210Pbex (A), SAR OSL ages (B), grain size composition (C, D) and stratigraphy (E) for the soil core collected from the upper part of the slope.
The depth distribution of the 137Cs and 210Pbex (A), SAR OSL ages (B), grain size composition (C, D) and stratigraphy (E) for the soil core collected from the upper part of the slope.

Fig. 11

The depth distribution of the 137Cs and 210Pbex (A), SAR OSL ages (B), grain size composition (C, D) and stratigraphy (E) for the soil core collected from the middle part of the slope.
The depth distribution of the 137Cs and 210Pbex (A), SAR OSL ages (B), grain size composition (C, D) and stratigraphy (E) for the soil core collected from the middle part of the slope.

Fig. 12

The depth distribution of the 137Cs and 210Pbex (A), SAR OSL ages (B), grain size composition (C, D) and stratigraphy (E), for the soil core collected from the lower part of the slope.
The depth distribution of the 137Cs and 210Pbex (A), SAR OSL ages (B), grain size composition (C, D) and stratigraphy (E), for the soil core collected from the lower part of the slope.

Fig. 13

The results of OSL SAR dating for the side of the gully (B), results of U-238, Th-232 (C) and K-40 (D) analysis as well as grain size analysis (E, F) in samples from the wall of gully. On the figure also shown the results of activity measurements by portable gamma spectrometer (B) and stratigraphy (A).
The results of OSL SAR dating for the side of the gully (B), results of U-238, Th-232 (C) and K-40 (D) analysis as well as grain size analysis (E, F) in samples from the wall of gully. On the figure also shown the results of activity measurements by portable gamma spectrometer (B) and stratigraphy (A).

Fig. 14

The examples of De distributions.
The examples of De distributions.

Fig. 15

Graphs showing strong ring reductions in tree no. 1 signed by arrows and grey surfaces (A), tree ring curves form opposite site of the tree no. 3 (B), and yearly variation of eccentricity index of the tree no. 3 (C)
Graphs showing strong ring reductions in tree no. 1 signed by arrows and grey surfaces (A), tree ring curves form opposite site of the tree no. 3 (B), and yearly variation of eccentricity index of the tree no. 3 (C)

Fig. 16

Erosion events dated dendrochronologically (B) compared with rainfalls events recorded in Sielec gauge, dark and light grey colour were used one after the other to make more visible the individual rainfall events on the graph (A).
Erosion events dated dendrochronologically (B) compared with rainfalls events recorded in Sielec gauge, dark and light grey colour were used one after the other to make more visible the individual rainfall events on the graph (A).

Micromorphology of colluvial-soil sequence at Biedrzykowice. Microstructure: ch – channel, co – coprolithic, ma – massive. Frequency of occurrence: 0 – none, 1 – single, 2 – few, 3 – common, 4 – very common.

Unit Depth (cm) Microstructures Clay coatings and infillings Fe and Fe-Mn microforms Fecal pellets Charcoals
I 10–15 ch-co 0 0 3 2
25–30 ch 0 2 2 2
55–60 ch 1 2 1 0
120–124 ch 2 2 3 2
II 151–155 ch 2 2 2 2
200–205 ch 2 2 2 1
231–235 ch 1 2 2 0
285–290 ch 0 3 2 0
355–360 ch 0 3 2 0
III 380–385 ch 0 3 4 1
405–410 ch 3 2 2 3
425–430 ch-ma 4 3 2 2
470–475 ch-ma 2 1 0 0

Results of activity concentration measurement (based on low-level semiconductor γ-spectrometry), dose rate calculation, De estimation and OSL ages for sediment samples from Biedrzykowice. 1Doses for samples collected from a depth lower than 50 cm were corrected with respect to range of gamma rays. 2Dose rates in this column were obtained by using portable gamma spectrometer in situ

Sample name Lab code Depth (cm) U (Bq·kg–1) Th (Bq·kg–1) K (Bq·kg–1) Dose rate (Gy·ka–1) Dose rate2 (Gy·ka–1) Palaeodose (Gy) OSL age (ka)
Bie_1_1 GdTL-2906 11–15 31.84±0.44 39.09±0.78 508±17 2.84±0.211 2.74±0.20 1.831±0.037 0.645±0.049
Bie_1_2 GdTL-2907 26–30 34.21±0.36 40.08±0.62 502±16 3.08±0.211 3.03±0.22 2.182±0.085 0.708±0.056
Bie_1_3 GdTL-2908 55–59 32.71±0.39 38.35±0.65 527±17 3.07±0.22 3.04±0.23 2.29±0.14 0.746±0.070
Bie_1_4 GdTL-2909 120–124 29.53±0.55 36.80±0.83 492±17 2.85±0.20 3.12±0.23 1.922±0.031 0.674±0.049
Bie_1_5 GdTL-2910 151–155 30.82±0.36 38.15±0.63 559±18 3.09±0.22 2.94±0.22 3.052±0.068 0.988±0.074
Bie_1_6 GdTL-2911 200–204 30.23±0.23 38.55±0.48 539±16 3.01±0.22 3.01±0.23 7.88±0.20 2.62±0.20
Bie_1_7 GdTL-2912 231–235 30.11±0.39 37.68±0.69 532±17 2.96±0.21 2.96±0.23 11.11±0.14 3.75±0.27
Bie_1_8 GdTL-2913 286–290 27.97±0.39 34.45±0.68 533±17 2.86±0.21 3.12±0.24 16.32±0.28 5.71±0.43
Bie_1_9 GdTL-2914 356–360 31.51±0.42 34.57±0.70 532±17 2.92±0.21 3.03±0.23 17.67±0.28 6.05±0.45
Bie_1_10 GdTL-2915 380–384 26.20±0.45 31.80±0.74 510±17 2.70±0.20 2.54±0.20 19.70±0.15 7.30±0.54
Bie_1_11 GdTL-2916 406–410 30.63±0.48 34.93±0.77 534±18 2.90±0.21 2.72±0.21 26.19±0.23 9.03±0.66
Bie_1_12 GdTL-2917 425–429 32.62±0.48 36.65±0.79 524±18 2.94±0.21 2.98±0.23 32.40±0.40 11.02±0.80
Bie_1_13 GdTL-2918 471–475 35.15±0.29 40.70±0.53 483±15 2.93±0.21 2.93±0.23 35.8±1.0 12.22±0.94
Bie_2_1 GdTL-3067 12–15 29.99±0.73 34.01±0.81 504±21 2.89±0.221 - 2.25±0.18 0.779±0.086
Bie_2_2 GdTL-3068 52–57 30.08±0.72 32.46±0.76 508±21 3.01±0.22 - 42.1±0.95 14.0±1.0
Bie_3_1 GdTL-3069 12–15 31.01±0.67 29.98±0.63 502±21 2.80±0.211 - 3.97±0.30 1.42±0.15
Bie_3_2 GdTL-3070 52–57 24.94±0.65 27.26±0.72 455±19 2.64±0.19 - 44.52±0.68 16.9±1.2
Bie_4_1 GdTL-3071 14–18 32.61±0.79 34.72±0.83 528±22 3.02±0.231 - 0.528±0.033 0.175±0.017
Bie_4_2 GdTL-3072 54–57 31.76±0.76 32.62±0.82 519±22 3.08±0.22 - 2.58±0.18 0.838±0.084
Bie_4_3 GdTL-3073 91–95 30.28±0.64 33.10±0.67 545±22 3.11±0.23 - 13.05±0.31 4.20±0.33
Bie_4_4 GdTL-3074 110–114 30.26±0.75 33.84±0.84 558±24 3.16±0.23 - 19.83±0.61 6.28±0.50
Bie_4_5 GdTL-3075 145–149 28.03±0.95 33.18±0.94 595±23 3.19±0.24 - 39.17±0.83 12.28±0.96
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