ICT Capacity Building: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Rwandan Policies from Higher Education Perspective

1. Aczel, J. C., Peake, S. R., & Hardy, P. (2008). Designing capacity-building in e-learning expertise: Challenges and strategies. Computers & Education, 50(2), 499-510.10.1016/j.compedu.2007.07.005Search in Google Scholar

2. Akbaba-Altun, S. (2006). Complexity of integrating computer technologies into education in Turkey. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9(1), 176-187.Search in Google Scholar

3. Al-Yaseen, H., Hourani, M., & Al-Jaghoub, S. (2012). Success and Failure of e-Learning Projects: Alignment of Vision and Reality, Change and Culture. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 3(2), 277-284.Search in Google Scholar

4. Bates, A. W. (2000). Managing Technological Change: Strategies for college and university leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Search in Google Scholar

5. Bates, T. (2001). The continuing evolution of ICT capacity: The implications for education. In F. Glen (Ed.), The changing faces of virtual education (pp. 29-46). COL. Retrieved from http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/39Search in Google Scholar

6. Bhuasiri, W., Xaymoungkhoun, O., Zo, H., Rho, J. J., & Ciganek, A. P. (2012). Critical success factors for e-learning in developing countries: A comparative analysis between ICT experts and faculty. Computers & Education, 58(2), 843-855.10.1016/j.compedu.2011.10.010Search in Google Scholar

7. Brown, G. & Yule, G. (2008). Discourse analysis. Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

8. Cutting, J. (2002). Pragmatics and discourse: A resource book for students. Abingdon: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

9. Daniel, J. S. (1996). Mega-universities and knowledge media: Technology strategies for higher education. Psychology Press.Search in Google Scholar

10. Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. Routledge.10.4324/9781315834368Search in Google Scholar

11. Farrell, G. (2007). Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Rwanda Country Report. Retrieved from https://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_423.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

12. Freeman, B. (2014). Benchmarking Australian and New Zealand university meta-policy in an increasingly regulated tertiary environment. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 36(1), 74-87.10.1080/1360080X.2013.861050Search in Google Scholar

13. Gee, J. P. (2005). An introduction to discourse analysis theory and method (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

14. Gevaert, R. (2012). A sustainable model for ICT capacity building in developing countries. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Large Installation System Administration: Strategies, Tools, and Techniques. 123-134. USENIX Association.Search in Google Scholar

15. Goktas, Y., Yildirim, S., & Yildirim, Z. (2009). Main barriers and possible enablers of ICTs integration into pre-service teacher education programs. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(1), 193-204.Search in Google Scholar

16. Government of Rwanda (2013) Low no 71/2013 of 10/09/2013 establishing the University of Rwanda and determining its mission, powers, organization and functioning, Official Gazette no 38 of 23/09/2013. (pp.34-54). Retrieved on 17 August 2015 from http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Laws__UR_and_HEC-2.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

17. Govindasamy, T. (2001). Successful implementation of e-learning: Pedagogical considerations. The Internet and Higher Education, 4(3), 287-299.10.1016/S1096-7516(01)00071-9Search in Google Scholar

18. Henderson, M., Bellis, N., Cerovac, M., & Lancaster, G. (2013). Collaborative inquiry: building pre-service teachers’ capacity for ICT pedagogical integration. Australian Educational Computing, 27(3), 69-75.Search in Google Scholar

19. Hernandez, B., Montaner, T., Sese, F. J., & Urquizu, P. (2011). The role of social motivations in e-learning: How do they affect usage and success of ICT interactive tools? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2224-2232.10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.001Search in Google Scholar

20. InfoDev (2010). Information and Communication Technology for Education in India and South Asia, Essay III, Capacity Building for ICT in Education. Retrieved August 17, 2015, from http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_888.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

21. Jordan, K. (2011). Framing ICT, teachers and learners in Australian school education ICT policy. The Australian Educational Researcher, 38(4), 417-431.10.1007/s13384-011-0038-4Search in Google Scholar

22. Jowi, J. O. (2009). Internationalization of higher education in Africa: Developments, emerging trends, issues and policy implications. Higher Education Policy, 22(3), 263-281.10.1057/hep.2009.8Search in Google Scholar

23. Keengwe, J., Kidd, T., & Kyei-Blankson, L. (2009). Faculty and technology: Implications for faculty training and technology leadership. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 18(1), 23-28.10.1007/s10956-008-9126-2Search in Google Scholar

24. Kennedy, G. E., Judd, T. S., Churchward, A., Gray, K., & Krause, K. L. (2008). First year students’ experiences with technology: Are they really digital natives? Australasian journal of educational technology, 24(1), 108-122.10.14742/ajet.1233Search in Google Scholar

25. Kozma, R. B., & Voogt, J. (2003). Technology, innovation, and educational change: a global perspective: a report of the Second Information Technology in Education Study, Module 2. ISTE.Search in Google Scholar

26. Kozma, R. B. (2005). National policies that connect ICT-based education reform to economic and social development. Human Technology: In an interdisciplinary journal on humans in ICT environments, 1(2), 117-156. 10.17011/ht/urn.2005355Search in Google Scholar

27. Kozma, R. B. (2008). Comparative analysis of policies for ICT in education. In J. Voogt & G. Knezek (Eds.), International handbook of information technology in primary and secondary education (pp. 1083-1096). Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-73315-9_68Search in Google Scholar

28. Larson, R. C., & Murray, M. E. (2008). Open Educational Resources for Blended Learning in High Schools: Overcoming Impediments in Developing Countries. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12(1), 85-103.10.24059/olj.v12i1.52Search in Google Scholar

29. Lloyd, M. M. (2008). Uncertainty and certainty: The visions and roadmaps of ICT educational policy. Computers in New Zealand Schools, 20(3), 13-21.Search in Google Scholar

30. Marshall, G., & Ruohonen, M. (Eds.). (1998). Capacity building for IT in education in developing countries. Springer Science & Business Media.10.1007/978-0-387-35195-7Search in Google Scholar

31. Means, B., & Olson, K. (1995). Technology’s role in education reform: Findings from a national study of innovating schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement.Search in Google Scholar

32. Ministry of Education (2008). ICT in Education Policy “Draft”. Kigali: Government of Rwanda.Search in Google Scholar

33. Nachmias, R., Mioduser, D., Cohen, A., Tubin, D., & Forkosh-Baruch, A. (2004). Factors involved in the implementation of pedagogical innovations using technology. Education and Information Technologies, 9(3), 291-308.10.1023/B:EAIT.0000042045.12692.49Search in Google Scholar

34. Nichols, M. (2008). Institutional perspectives: The challenges of e-learning diffusion. British journal of educational technology, 39(4), 598-609.10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00761.xSearch in Google Scholar

35. Ojo, S., & Awuah, B. (1998). Building resource capacity for IT education and training in schools: The case of Botswana. In G. Marshall & M. Ruohonen (Eds.), Capacity building for IT in education in developing countries (pp. 27-38). Springer US.10.1007/978-0-387-35195-7_3Search in Google Scholar

36. Owens, T. (2012). Hitting the nail on the head: the importance of specific staff development for effective blended learning. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 49(4), 389-400.10.1080/14703297.2012.728877Search in Google Scholar

37. Owston, R. (2007). Contextual factors that sustain innovative pedagogical practice using technology: An international study. Journal of Educational Change, 8(1), 61-77.10.1007/s10833-006-9006-6Search in Google Scholar

38. Plessis, A., & Webb, P. (2012). Teachers’ Perceptions about their Own and their Schools’ Readiness for Computer Implementation: A South African Case Study. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 11(3), 312-325.Search in Google Scholar

39. Phillips, D., & Ochs, K. (2004). Researching policy borrowing: Some methodological challenges in comparative education. British Educational Research Journal, 30(6), 773-784.10.1080/0141192042000279495Search in Google Scholar

40. Porter, W. W., Graham, C. R., Spring, K. A., & Welch, K. R. (2014). Blended learning in higher education: Institutional adoption and implementation. Computers & Education, 75, 185-195.10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.011Search in Google Scholar

41. Romeo, G., Lloyd, M., & Downes, T. (2012). Teaching Teachers for the Future (TTF): Building the ICT in education capacity of the next generation of teachers in Australia. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(6), 949-964.10.14742/ajet.804Search in Google Scholar

42. Salmon, G. (2005). Flying not flapping: a strategic framework for e-learning and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions. Research in Learning Technology, 13(3), 201-218.10.3402/rlt.v13i3.11218Search in Google Scholar

43. Siemens, G. (2014). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrieved from http://www.learningnetwork.ac.nz/shared/professionalReading/TRCONN2011.pdf Search in Google Scholar

44. Sife, A. S., Lwoga, E. T., & Sanga, C. (2007). New Technologies for Teaching and Learning: Challenges for Higher Learning Institutions in Developing Countries. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 3(2). Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20070705232755/http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/viewarticle.php?id=246&layout=htmlSearch in Google Scholar

45. Sun, P. C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & education, 50(4), 1183-1202.10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.007Search in Google Scholar

46. Taguma, M. (2006). Quality of e-learning in tertiary education: Managing a balance between divergence and convergence. In U.-D. Ehlers & J. M. Pawlowski (Eds.), Handbook on Quality and Standardisation in E-Learning (pp. 465-483). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.10.1007/3-540-32788-6_31Search in Google Scholar

47. Tanrikulu, Z., Tugcu, C., & Yilmaz, S. (2010). E-University: Critical success factors. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1253-1259.10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.183Search in Google Scholar

48. Taylor, J. A., & Newton, D. (2012). Beyond blended learning: a case study of institutional change at an Australian regional university. The Internet and Higher Education, 18, 54-60.10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.10.003Search in Google Scholar

49. Tondeur, J., Van Keer, H., van Braak, J., & Valcke, M. (2008). ICT integration in the classroom: Challenging the potential of a school policy. Computers & Education, 51(1), 212-223.10.1016/j.compedu.2007.05.003Search in Google Scholar

50. UNESCO (2011). UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002134/213475e.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

51. Van Dijk, T. A. (1998). Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. Sage.Search in Google Scholar

52. Van Dijk, T. A. (2009). Critical discourse studies: A sociocognitive approach. Methods of critical discourse analysis, 2(1), 62-86.Search in Google Scholar

53. Valcke, M. (2004). ICT in higher education: An uncomfortable zone for institutes and their policies. Beyond the comfort zone: Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference, 20-35.Search in Google Scholar

54. Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2009). Critical Discourse Studies: History, Agenda, Theory and Methodology. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (Chapter 1). London: SAGE Publications. Search in Google Scholar