Polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (rs4340) and diabetic nephropathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Article Category: Original Article
Publicado en línea: 31 dic 2016
Páginas: 29 - 34
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bjmg-2016-0033
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© 2016 Šeruga M, Makuc J, Završnik M, Cilenšek I, Ekart R, Petrovič D
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Distribution of the rs4340 genotypes and alleles in DN+ patients (cases) and in DN– controls.
| rs4340 | |||
| DD genotype (%) | 90 (32.8) | 115 (30.7) | |
| ID genotype (%) | 143 (51.7) | 169 (45.0) | 0.02 |
| II genotype (%) | 43 (25.5) | 91 (24.3) | |
| D allele (%) | 323 (58.5) | 399 (53.2) | 0.06 |
| I allele (%) | 229 (41.5) | 351 (46.8) | |
| PHWE PHWE: values were computed using Pearson’s goodness-of-fit χ2 (1 df) test. | 0.3 | 0.07 |
Association of rs4340 polymorphisms with DN in Caucasians with logistic regression.
| rs4340 | |||||
| Codominant | DD | 90 (32.8%) | 115 (30.7%) | 1.03 (0.39-2.72)/0.9 | 0.80 (0.29-2.25)/0.7 |
| ID | 143 (51.7%) | 169 (45.0%) | 1.54 (0.61-3.90)/0.4 | 1.32 (0.49-3.53)/0.6 | |
| II | 43 (15.5%) | 91 (24.3) | Reference | Reference |
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of case and control groups
| Number | 276 | 375 | |
| Gender (% males) | 59.1 | 52.4 | 0.1 |
| Age (years) | 64.75 ± 9.15 | 63.75 ± 8.0 | 0.13 |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | 14.71 ± 7.97 | 14.60 ± 6.73 | 0.84 |
| Duration of hypertension (years) | 12.23 ± 9.88 | 10.52 ± 8.22 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 155.27 ± 18.92 | 149.84 ± 19.63 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.87 ± 11.63 | 84.06 ± 11.42 | 0.36 |
| Body mass index | 31.30 ± 4.68 | 30.77 ± 5.00 | 0.23 |
| Active smokers (%) | 6.6 | 8.9 | 0.31 |
| Serum Hb A1c (%) The average value for Hb A1c. | 7.98 ± 1.38 | 7.65 ± 1.14 | |
| Serum-fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 9.03 ± 2.76 | 8.51 ± 2.53 | |
| Hb (g/dL) | 13.94 ± 1.49 | 13.94 ± 1.29 | 0.99 |
| Serum urea (mmol/L) | 7.35 ± 3.73 | 6.26 ± 1.91 | |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L): | 93.13 ± 58.21 | 78.44 ± 20.15 | |
| Males Comparison of men who are DN+ | 101.57 ± 61.84 Comparison of men who are DN+ | 84.28 ± 19.93 Comparison of men who are DN+ | Comparison of men who are DN+ |
| Females Comparison women who are DN+ | 79.70 ± 49.21 Comparison women who are DN+ | 71.91 ± 18.35 Comparison women who are DN+ | |
| eGFR (MDRD equation; mL/min.): | 72.60 ± 19.74 | 75.22 ± 15.16 | 0.22 |
| Males Comparison of men who are DN+ | 71.97 ± 19.45 Comparison of men who are DN+ | 77.66 ± 14.33 Comparison of men who are DN+ | Comparison of men who are DN+ |
| Females Comparison women who are DN+ | 74.31 ± 20.72 Comparison women who are DN+ | 72.45 ± 15.69 Comparison women who are DN+ | 0.13 Comparison women who are DN+ |
| Serum cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.95 ± 0.48 | 0.78 ± 0.21 | |
| Serum total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.62 ± 1.17 | 4.55 ± 0.99 | 0.42 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 1.26 ± 0.36 | 0.29 |
| Serum LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.59 ± 0.95 | 2.57 ± 0.80 | 0.73 |
| Serum TG cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.08 ± 1.60 | 1.83 ± 1.24 | 0.04 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (g/mol); sample #1 | 27.49 ± 55.46 | 1.57 ± 3.05 | |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (g/mol); sample #2 | 23.13 ± 39.34 | 1.60 ± 3.67 | |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (g/mol); sample #3 | 23.36 ± 42.49 | 1.62 ± 2.49 |