Association of the ACE rs4646994 and rs4341 polymorphisms with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
, , , , , , , , , , , , y | 09 jul 2016
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Article Category: Original Article
Publicado en línea: 09 jul 2016
Páginas: 37 - 42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bjmg-2015-0084
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© 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Changes of markers of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus between first the examination and the examination at the end of the study with regard to the rs4646994 (angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion) and rs4341 polymorphisms.
| rs4646994 ACE I/D | II | ID | DD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual increase in CIMT (µm/year) | 14.28 (5.35-26.83) | 22.43 (16.73-32.19) | 20.34 (10.53-33.65) | 0.34 |
| ∆ Number of segments with plaques | 3.0 (1.0-3.0) | 1.0 (0.5-2.5) | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 0.42 |
| ∆ Sum of carotid plaques thickness (mm) | 4.00 (2.30-5.30) | 4.68 (3.30-7.60) | 6.22 (3.90-8.10) | 0.04 |
Multiple linear regression analysis for association of rs4646994 (angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion) with carotid atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| Parameters | ∆ CIMT/Year | ∆ Number of Segments | ∆ Sum of Plaque Thickness | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | β | β | ||||
| A) rs4646994 | ||||||
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 0.144 | 0.59 | 0.206 | 0.88 | 0.272 | 0.53 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.031 | 0.42 | 0.027 | 0.15 | 0.014 | 0.69 |
| ID | 0.141 | 0.49 | 0.116 | 0.51 | 0.845 | 0.26 |
| 0.102 | 0.63 | 0.146 | 0.41 | 0.952 | ||
Baseline characteristics of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and control subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| Parameters | T2DM Subjects ( | Control Subjects ( | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.38 ± 9.65 | 60.07 ± 9.18 | 0.07 |
| Gender: males females | 338 (56.8%) 257 (43.2%) | 92 (46.0%) 108 (54.0%) | |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | 11.25 ± 7.88 | ‒ | ‒ |
| Cigarette smokers (%) | 53 (8.9%) | 34 (17.0%) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108.65 ± 12.88 | 93.31 ± 13.18 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.96 ± 4.74 | 27.90 ± 4.42 | 0.16 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 146.98 ± 19.98 | 143.30 ± 16.6 | 0.86 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.75 ± 11.62 | 84.70 ± 11.6 | 0.19 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 8.04 ± 2.57 | 5.27 ± 0.87 | |
| Hb A1c (%) | 7.89 ± 3.56 | 4.79 ± 0.29 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.70 ± 1.19 | 5.36 ± 1.08 | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.35 | 1.43 ± 0.37 | |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.63 ± 0.94 | 3.24 ± 0.98 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.2-2.7) | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.2 (1.0-4.3) | 1.3 (0.8-2.7) | |
| CIMT (µm) | 1013.0 ± 208.0 | 979.0 ± 141.0 | 0.03 |
Comparison of markers of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the beginning and the end of the study with regard to the rs4646994 (angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion) and rs4341 polymorphisms.
| rs4646994 (ACE I/D) | Enrollment | Endpoint | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II | ID | DD | II | ID | DD | |||
| Intima media thickness (µm) | 998.0±147.0 | 1002.0±178.0 | 1012.0±178.0 | 0.62 | 1048.0±147.0 | 1054.0±128.0 | 1060.0±164.0 | 0.59 |
| Involved segments ( | 2.65±1.49 | 3.04±1.71 | 2.66±1.44 | 0.12 | 4.48±1.75 | 4.62±1.68 | 4.71±1.76 | 0.68 |
| Sum of plaque thickness (mm) | 7.92±3.47 | 8.99±3.38 | 7.67±3.14 | 0.09 | 10.17±4.29 | 10.08±5.26 | 11.38±5.32 | 0.76 |