[Adamson E.J., Slocombe R.F. (1995). Flow cytometric studies of equine phagocytes following strenuous exercise. Equine Vet. J., 18 (Suppl.): 37-42.]Search in Google Scholar
[Art T., Lekeux P. (2005). Exercise-induced physiological adjustments to stressful conditions in sports horses. Livest. Prod. Sci., 92: 101-111.]Search in Google Scholar
[Aurich C., Aurich J.E. (2008). Effects of stress on reproductive functions in the horse. Pferdeheilkunde, 24: 99-102.10.21836/PEM20080121]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Bayly W.M. (1987). The interpretation of clinicopathologic data from the equine athlete. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 3: 631-647.10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30668-5]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Bazzano M., Giudice E., Rizzo M., Congiu F., Zumbo A., Arfuso F., Di Pietro S., Bruschetta D., Piccione G. (2016). Application ofacombined global positioning and heart rate monitoring system in jumper horses during an official competition - a preliminary study. Acta Vet. Hung., 64: 189-200.10.1556/004.2016.01927342090]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Casella S., Vazzana I., Giudice E.W., Fazio F., Piccione G. (2016). Relationship between serum cortisol levels and some physiological parameters following reining training session. Anim. Sci. J., 87: 729-735.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cayado P., Muñoz-Escassi B., Domínguez C., Manley W., Olabarri B., Sánche z dela Muela M., Castejon F., Marañon G., Vara E. (2006). Hormone response to training and competition in athletic horses. Equine Vet. J., 36 (Suppl.): 274-278.]Search in Google Scholar
[Chiaradia E., Avellini L., Rueca F., Spaterna A., Porciello F., Antonioni M.T., Gaiti A. (1998). Physical exercise, oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B., 119: 833-836.]Search in Google Scholar
[Desmecht D., Linden A., Amory H., Art T., Lekeux P. (1996). Relationship of plasma lactate production to cortisol release following completion of different types of sporting events in horses. Vet. Res. Commun., 20: 371-379.10.1007/BF003665448865580]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Escribano B.M., Agűera E.I., Vivo R., Santisteban R., Castejón F.M., Rubio M.D. (2002). Benefits of moderate training to the nonspecific immune response of colts. Equine Vet. J., 34 (Suppl.): 182-185.]Search in Google Scholar
[Escribano B.M., Castejón F.M., Vivo R., Santisteban R., Agűera E.I., Rubio M.D. (2005). Effects of training on phagocytic and oxidative metabolism of peripheral neutrophils in horses exercised in the aerobic-anaerobic transition area. Vet. Res. Commun., 29: 149-158.10.1023/B:VERC.0000047494.29439.23]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Eskandari F., Sternberg E.M. (2002). Neural-immune interactions in health and disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 966: 20-27.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fazio E., Medica P., Cravana C., Molinari P., Ferlazzo A. (2014). Effect of experience on adrenocortical and thyroid responses of Arabian horses to gymkhana games. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 34: 799-804.10.1016/j.jevs.2014.02.003]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Finno C.J., Mc Kenzie E., Valberg S.J., Pagan J. (2010). Effect of fitness on glucose, insulin and cortisol responses to diets varying in starch and fat content in Thoroughbred horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis. Equine Vet. J., 38 (Suppl.): 323-328.]Search in Google Scholar
[Folsom R.W., Littlefield- Chabaud M.A., French D.D., Pourciau S.S., Mistric L., Horohov D.W. (2001). Exercise alters the immune response to equine influenza virus and increases susceptibility to infection. Equine Vet. J., 33: 664-669.]Search in Google Scholar
[Forslid J., Hed J. (1982). In vitro effect of hydrocortisone on the attachment and ingestion phases of immunoglobulin Gand complement 3β-mediated phagocytosis by human neutrophils. Infect. Immun., 38: 811-816.]Search in Google Scholar
[Frape D. (2010). Equine nutrition and feeding. Oxford, UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 4th ed. Gorgasser I., Tichy A., Palme R. (2007). Faecal cortisol metabolites in Quarter Horses during initial training under field conditions. Vet. Med. Austria / Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr., 94: 226-230.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hinchcliff K.W., Kaneps A.J., Geor R.J. (2008). Equine exercise physiology: The science of exercise in the athletic horse. Elsevier Health Sciences, Edinburgh, New York, p. 283.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hines M.T., Schott II H.C., Bayly W.M., Leroux A.J. (1996). Exercise and immunity: review with emphasis on the horse. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 10: 280-289.]Search in Google Scholar
[Horohov D.W., Dimock A., Guirnalda P., Folsom R.W., Mc Keever K.H., Ma- linowski K. (1999). Effect of exercise on the immune response of young and old horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 60: 643-647.]Search in Google Scholar
[Houpt K., Houpe T.R., Johnson J.L., Erb H.N., Yeon S.C. (2001). The effect of exercise deprivation on the behaviour and physiology of straight stall confined pregnant mares. Anim. Welf., 10: 257-267.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hyyppä S. (2005). Endocrinal responses in exercising horses. Livest. Prod. Sci., 92: 113-121. ]Search in Google Scholar
[Iversen P.O., Stokland A., Rolstad B., Benestad H.B. (1994). Adrenaline-induced leu kocytosis: recruitment of blood cells from rat spleen, bone marrow and lymphatics. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 68: 219-227.10.1007/BF003767708039518]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Jensen-Waern M., Lindberg A., Johannisson A., Grondahl G., Lindgren J.A., Essen- Gustavsson B. (1999). The effects of an endurance ride on metabolism and neutrophil function. Equine Vet. J., 30 (Suppl.): 605-609.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jimenez M., Hinchcliff K.W., Farris J.W. (1998). Catecholamine and cortisol responses of horses to incremental exertion. Vet. Res. Commun., 22: 107-118.10.1023/A:1006027429526]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Kędzierski W., Strzelec K., Cywińska A., Kowalik S. (2013). Salivary cortisol concentration in exercised thoroughbred horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 33: 1106-1109.10.1016/j.jevs.2013.04.011]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Korhonen P.A., Lilius E.M., Hyyppä S., Räsänen L.A., Pösö A.R. (2000). Production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils after repeated bouts of exercise in Standard bred trotters. J. Vet. Med. A, 47: 565-573.]Search in Google Scholar
[Krumrych W. (2006). Variability of clinical and haematological indices in the course of training exercise in jumping horses. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 50: 391-396.]Search in Google Scholar
[Krumrych W., Wiśniewski E. (2006). Influence of selected stimulators on chemiluminescence of peripheral blood neutrophils in horses. Med. Weter., 62: 204-206.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lewicki R., Tchórzewski H., Denys A., Kowalska M., Golińska A. (1987). Effect of physical exercise on some parameters of immunity in conditioned sportsmen. Int. J. Sports Med., 8: 309-314.]Search in Google Scholar
[Linden A., Art T., Amory H., Desmecht D., Lekeux P. (1991). Effect of 5 different types of exercise, transportation and ACTHadministration on plasma cortisol concentration in sport horses. Equine Exercise Physiol., 3: 391-396.]Search in Google Scholar
[Malinowski K., Shock E.J., Rochelle P., Kearns C.F., Guirnalda P.D., Mc Kee- ver K.H. (2006). Plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and immune responses to acute exercise are altered by age and exercise training in horses. Equine Vet. J., 36 (Suppl.): 267-273.]Search in Google Scholar
[Marc M., Parvizi N., Ellendorff F., Kallweit E., Elsaesser F. (2000). Plasma cortisol and ACTHconcentrations in the warmblood horse in response toastandardized treadmill exercise test as physiological markers for evaluation of training status. J. Anim. Sci., 78: 1936-1946.10.2527/2000.7871936x10907837]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Mc Carthy D.A., Dale M.M. (1988). The leucocytosis of exercise. Areview and model. Sports Med., 6: 333-363.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mc Keever K.H. (2003). Aging and how it affects the physiological response to exercise in the horse. Clin. Tech. Equine Pract., 2: 258-265.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mircean M., Giurgiu G., Mircean V., Zinveliu E. (2007). Serum cortisol variation of sport horses in relation with the level of training and effort intensity. Bull. USAMV-CN, 64: 488-492.]Search in Google Scholar
[Miyashiro P., Michima L.E.S., Bonomo C.C.M., Fernandes W.R. (2012). Plasma cortisol level attributable to physical exercise in endurance horses. Ars. Vet. Jaboticabal., 28: 85-89.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nachreiner R., Refsal K.R., Rick M., Mazaki-Tovi M., Sist M.D. (2015). Endocrinology reference ranges. Diagnostic Center for Population & Animal Health, Michigan State University.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nagata S., Takeda F., Kurosawa M., Hiraga A., Kai M., Taya K. (1999). Plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and catecholamines response to various exercise. Equine Vet. J. 30 (Suppl.): 570-574.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nogueira G.P., Barnabe R.C., Bedrande Castro J.C., Moreira A.F., Fernan - des W.R., Mirandola R.M.S., Howard D.L. (2002). Serum cortisol, lactate and creatinine concentrations in Thoroughbred fillies of different ages and states of training. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., 39: 54-57.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pedersen B.K., Hoffman- Goetz L. (2000). Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiol. Rev., 80: 1055-1081. ]Search in Google Scholar
[Peeters M., Closson C., Beckers J.F., Vandenheede M. (2013). Rider and horse salivary cortisol levels during competition and impact on performance. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 33: 155-160.10.1016/j.jevs.2012.05.073]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Pyne D.B. (1994). Regulation of neutrophils function during exercise. Sports Med., 17: 245-258.10.2165/00007256-199417040-000058009138]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Raidal S.L., Love D.N., Bailey G.D., Rose R.J. (2000). Effect of single bouts of moderate and high intensity exercise and training on equine peripheral blood neutrophil function. Res. Vet. Sci., 68: 141-146.10.1053/rvsc.1999.034910756131]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Reichlin S. (1993). Neuroendocrine-immune interactions. N. Engl. J. Med., 329: 1246-1242.]Search in Google Scholar
[Robson P.J., Alston T.D., Myburgh K.H. (2003). Prolonged suppression of the innate immune system in the horse following an 80 km endurance race. Equine Vet. J., 35: 133-137.]Search in Google Scholar
[Robson P.J., Blannin A.K., Walsh N.P., Castell L.M., Gleeson M. (1999). Effects of exercise intensity, duration and recovery on in vitro neutrophil function in male athletes. Int. J. Sports Med., 20: 128-135.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rossdale P.D., Burguez P.N., Cash R.S.G. (1982). Changes in blood neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio related to adrenocortical function in the horse. Equine Vet. J., 14: 293-298.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sabev S. (2011). Effect of the jumping activity in the course of training exercise on the level of serum cortisol, blood lactate and heart rate in horses. Trakia J. Sci., 9: 78-82.]Search in Google Scholar
[Shinkai S., Watanabe S., Asai H., Shek P.N. (1996). Cortisol response to exercise and post exercise suppression of blood lymphocyte subset counts. Int. J. Sports Med., 17: 597-603.10.1055/s-2007-9729018973981]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Smith J.A., Telford R.D., Mason I.B., Weidemann M.J. (1990). Exercise, training and neutrophil microbicidal activity. Int. J. Sports, 11: 179-187.10.1055/s-2007-10247882115507]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Strzelec K., Kankofer M., Pietrzak S. (2011). Cortisol concentration in the saliva of horses subjected to different kinds of exercise. Acta Vet. Brno, 80: 101-105.]Search in Google Scholar
[Suzuki K., Totsuka M., Nakaji S., Yamada M., Kudoh S., Liu Q., Sugawara K., Yamaya K., Sato K. (1999). Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage. J. Appl. Physiol., 87: 1360-1367.]Search in Google Scholar
[Szafrańska B., Zięcik A., Okrasa S. (2002). Primary antisera against selected steroids or proteins and secondary antisera againstγ-globulins - an available tool for studies of reproductive processes. Reprod. Biol., 2: 187-204.]Search in Google Scholar
[Thornton J. (1985). Hormonal responses to exercise and training. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Equine Pract., 1: 477-496.]Search in Google Scholar
[Toutain P.L., Lassourd V., Popot M.A., Laroute V., Alvinerie M., Bonnaire Y. (1995). Urinary cortisol excretion in the resting and exercising horse. Equine Vet. J., 27: 457-462.]Search in Google Scholar
[Vincze A., Szabó Cs., Hevesi A., Veres S., Ütő D., Babinszky L. (2010). Effect of age and event on post exercise values of blood biochemical parameters in show jumping horses. Acta Agr. Kapos., 14: 185-191.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wong C.W., Smith S.E., Thong Y.H., Opdebeeck J.P., Thornton J.R. (1992). Effects of exercise stress on various immune functions in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 53: 1414-1417.]Search in Google Scholar