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Evidence of growth hormone effect on plasma leptin in diet-induced obesity and diet-resistant rats

Sutharinee Likitnukul
Sutharinee Likitnukul
, 
Sarinee Kalandakanond-Thongsong
Sarinee Kalandakanond-Thongsong
 y 
Sumpun Thammacharoen
Sumpun Thammacharoen
   | 01 oct 2019
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Article Category: Brief communication (original)
Publicado en línea: 01 oct 2019
Páginas: 219 - 228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0023
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© 2018 Likitnukul et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

The experimental procedure is demonstrated. After the obesity induction period, IPGTT was performed before GH or saline treatment (at day -7). Then, the rats were injected with either GH or saline for 3 days and blood samples were collected for plasma hormones and FFA measurement. The white and black bars indicate light and dark phases, respectively (12h/12h light/dark cycle).FFA, free fatty acid; GH, growth hormone; IPGTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
The experimental procedure is demonstrated. After the obesity induction period, IPGTT was performed before GH or saline treatment (at day -7). Then, the rats were injected with either GH or saline for 3 days and blood samples were collected for plasma hormones and FFA measurement. The white and black bars indicate light and dark phases, respectively (12h/12h light/dark cycle).FFA, free fatty acid; GH, growth hormone; IPGTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test

Figure 2

The effect of short-term GH treatment on body adiposity and leptin per fat mass. (A) There was no effect of GH on body adiposity in all rats, and HC-O rats had the highest fat mass compared to HC-R and control rats (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01). (B) There was a significant effect of GH on leptin secretion per fat mass in HC-O rats.*The leptin per fat mass of GH-treated HC-O rats was significantly lower than that from saline treatment, P < 0.05GH, growth hormone; HC-O, hypercaloric diet obese; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance
The effect of short-term GH treatment on body adiposity and leptin per fat mass. (A) There was no effect of GH on body adiposity in all rats, and HC-O rats had the highest fat mass compared to HC-R and control rats (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01). (B) There was a significant effect of GH on leptin secretion per fat mass in HC-O rats.*The leptin per fat mass of GH-treated HC-O rats was significantly lower than that from saline treatment, P < 0.05GH, growth hormone; HC-O, hypercaloric diet obese; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance

Figure 3

The effect of short-term GH treatment on meal-induced plasma leptin. (A) There was no effect of GH on meal-induced plasma leptin, which was demonstrated as leptin difference of pre- and post-meal plasma leptin. (B) The energy intake from meal-induced plasma leptin experiment revealed that HC-O rats had the highest energy intake compared to control and HC-R rats.*The energy intake of HC-O rats was significantly different from others, P < 0.05GH, growth hormone; HC-O, hypercaloric diet obese; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance
The effect of short-term GH treatment on meal-induced plasma leptin. (A) There was no effect of GH on meal-induced plasma leptin, which was demonstrated as leptin difference of pre- and post-meal plasma leptin. (B) The energy intake from meal-induced plasma leptin experiment revealed that HC-O rats had the highest energy intake compared to control and HC-R rats.*The energy intake of HC-O rats was significantly different from others, P < 0.05GH, growth hormone; HC-O, hypercaloric diet obese; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance

Figure 4

The effect of short-term GH treatment on the fasting effect on plasma leptin (leptin difference). There was a significant difference of the effect of GH treatment in the control and HC-R groups.*GH effect is significantly different from saline treatment, P < 0.05.GH, growth hormone; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance
The effect of short-term GH treatment on the fasting effect on plasma leptin (leptin difference). There was a significant difference of the effect of GH treatment in the control and HC-R groups.*GH effect is significantly different from saline treatment, P < 0.05.GH, growth hormone; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance

Figure 5

The effect of short-term GH treatment on the surrogate indexes for insulin receptor sensitivity. (A) The calculated HOMA-IR revealed the significant GH effect in HC-R rats. (B) For the Adipo-IR index, GH treatment could increase this index in HC-R rats.*GH effect is significantly different from saline treatment, P < 0.05.Adipo-IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance; GH, growth hormone; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance.
The effect of short-term GH treatment on the surrogate indexes for insulin receptor sensitivity. (A) The calculated HOMA-IR revealed the significant GH effect in HC-R rats. (B) For the Adipo-IR index, GH treatment could increase this index in HC-R rats.*GH effect is significantly different from saline treatment, P < 0.05.Adipo-IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance; GH, growth hormone; HC-R, hypercaloric diet resistance; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance.

The effect of short-term GH treatment on basal plasma leptin at 24 and 32 h after GH injection

Time after the first injectionBasal plasma leptin (ng/mL)
ControlHC-RHC-O
Saline
24 h16.98 ± 0.718.93 ± 2.721.16 ± 1.0
32 h17.94 ± 1.218.47 ± 1.929.20 ± 1.8*
GH
24 h16.89 ± 0.815.74 ± 0.917.00 ± 1.8
32 h17.44 ± 2.518.38 ± 0.821.55 ± 2.0*,#

The effect of short-term GH treatment on fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and FFA

ControlHC-RHC-O
Insulin (ng/mL)
Saline2.96 ± 0.52.39 ± 0.75.12 ± 0.8
GH6.09 ± 1.0†6.26 ± 1.4†6.92 ± 1.2†
Glucose (mg/dL)
Saline131.50 ± 6.8126.00 ± 6.0131.50 ± 4.0
GH135.20 ± 3.0126.80 ± 12.8123.30 ± 7.7
FFA (mmol/L)
Saline0.55 ± 0.130.29 ± 0.060.60 ± 0.14
GH0.45 ± 0.100.81 ± 0.120.67 ± 0.17

Characteristics of the control, HC-R, and HC-O rats in the current experiments

Control (n = 12)HC-R (n = 9)HC-O (n = 12)
Initial BW (g)441.02 ± 2.93a420.19 ± 7.58b447.33 ± 5.40a
Final BW (g)503.68 ± 3.41b508.27 ± 7.73b574.52 ± 7.98a
BW gain (g)62.67 ± 1.93c88.08 ± 4.68b127.19 ± 5.80a
BW gain/day1.57 ± 0.05c2.20 ± 0.12b3.18 ± 0.14a
(g/day)
Body fat mass (%)11.25 ± 0.30c12.92 ± 0.41b14.97 ± 0.31a
AUC-IPGTT24667 ± 1303b24304 ± 1198b28411 ± 1242a
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