Slums Effect on Urban Sustainability: Suggested Planning Mechanisms for Development

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Percentage of respondents by the type of housing unit_

Apartment type	Observed frequencies and their percentages	Slum area				Total
		Damoc and Zahra	Al-karama	Aljihad	Eiza
House	Repetition	310	176	52	12	550
	Ratio of residential unit type	56%	32%	10%	2%	100%
	Ratio of random area	89%	72%	61%	57%	79%
	Percentage of total	44%	25%	7%	2%	79%
Mud House	Repetition	35	66	26	4	131
	Ratio of residential unit type	27%	50%	20%	3%	100%
	Ratio of random area	10%	27%	31%	19%	19%
	Percentage of total	5%	9%	4%	1%	19%
Metal Shanties	Repetition	3	4	7	5	19
	Ratio of residential unit type	16%	21%	37%	26%	100%
	Ratio of random area	1%	2%	8%	24%	3%
	Percentage of total	0%	1%	1%	1%	3%
Total	Repetition	348	246	85	21	700
	Ratio of residential unit type	50%	35%	12%	3%	100%
	Ratio of random area	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%
	Percentage of total	50%	35%	12%	3%	100%
Coefficient of compatibility and its significance		CC = 0.336P = 0.000HS

The social aspect_

		Very high	High	Medium	Minimum	No effect	Minimum negative impact	Medium negative impact	High negative impact	Very high negative impact
1	Security of slums and city	7	11	12	14	3	2	1
2	Providing shelter for people	2	4	19	11	8	3	2	1
3	Failure to reward transgressors and deter transgression	30	10	4	2	2	1	1
4	Legitimising services and improving social status	25	11	7	3	2	1	1
5	Social justice	13	11	10	5	4	2	2	1	2

The environmental aspect_

		Very high	High	Medium	Minimum	No effect	Minimum negative	Medium negative	High negative	Very high negative
1	Impact on natural environment	13	11	12	4	7	2	1
2	Impact on city’s environment	15	16	6	6	4	1	1	1
3	Improved slum environment	12	16	7	4	5	2	2	1	1
4	Depletion of agricultural land and distinctive sites in city	14	16	9	3	4	1	2	1

Do you think there are technical obstacles that prevent the implementation of the idea of exchange (land for time)?

There are no technical obstacles

38

There are technical obstacles

13

The economic aspect_

		Very high	High	Medium	Minimum	No effect	Minimum negative	Medium negative	High Negative	Very high negative
1	Impact on city’s economic efficiency	11	14	8	7	5	2	2	1
2	Maintaining value of real estate in city	29	11	3	2	2	1	1	1
3	Preserving urban capital	13	20	7	6	1	2	1
4	Effect on transport movement in city	2	4	19	11	8	3	2	1
5	Processing policies expenses	21	12	7	4	3	1	1	1

Land-for-time policy effect on urban sustainability factors in the form (positive, neutral, negative)_

Aspect	Influence	% positive	% neutral	% negative
Environmental	Impact on natural environment	72	26	2
	Impact on city’s environment	74	24	2
	Improved slum environment	70	22	8
	Depletion of agricultural land and distinctive sites in city	78	16	6
Economic	Impact on city’s economic efficiency	66	28	6
	Maintaining value of real estate in city	86	10	4
	Preserving urban capital	80	18	2
	Effect on transport movement in city	50	44	6
	Processing policies expenses	84	12	4
Social	Security of slums and city	60	38	2
	Providing shelter for people	50	44	6
	Failure to reward transgressors and deter transgression	88	10	2
	Legitimising services and improving social status	86	12	2
	Social justice	68	22	10

Is the idea of exchange (land for time) practical and applicable?

It can be applied easily

23

It can be applied with difficulty

19

It cannot be applied

8

Do you think there are administrative obstacles that prevent the implementation of the idea of exchange (land for time)?

There are no administrative obstacles

35

There are administrative obstacles

15th

Slums solutions compared with the use of the goal achievement matrix_

Main objectives	Weight	Secondary goals	Weight	Current situation	Removal policy	Upgrading policy	Trade-off policy
Social aspect	33	Security of slums and city	7	1	5	4	5
		Providing shelter for people	7	5	1	5	5
		Failure to reward transgressors and deter transgression	6	3	6	0	5
		Providing services and improving social status	6	1	1	5	5
		Social justice	7	3	3	4	6
Environmental aspect	34	Impact on natural environment	10	2	8	6	8
		Impact on city’s environment	8	2	6	4	6
		Improved slum environment	7	1	1	6	6
		Depletion of agricultural land in city	9	2	7	4	8
Economic aspect	33	Impact on city’s economic efficiency	9	2	7	3	7
		Maintaining value of real estate in city	4	2	3	2	3
		Preserving urban capital	6	4	2	5	4
		Effect on transport movement in city	8	2	7	3	5
		Processing policies expenses	6	1	4	0	2
	100	Total	100	31	61	51	75