Wounded Landscape: Environmental and Social Consequences of (Illegal) Motor Tourism in Forests on the Example of Worek Okrzeszyna (The Central Sudetes on The Polish-Czech Borderland)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Akbar K.F., Hale W.H.G., Headley A.D., 2003. Assessment of scenic beauty of the roadside vegetation in northern England. Landscape and Urban Planning 63(3): 139–144. DOI 10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00185-8.AkbarK.F.HaleW.H.G.HeadleyA.D.,2003.Assessment of scenic beauty of the roadside vegetation in northern England.Landscape and Urban Planning63(3):139–144. DOI10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00185-8.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Assaeed A.M., Al-Rowaily S.L., El-Bana M.I., Abood A.A.A., Dar B.A.M., Hegazy A.K., 2019. Impact of off-road vehicles on soil and vegetation in a desert rangeland in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 26: 1187–1193. DOI 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.001.AssaeedA.M.Al-RowailyS.L.El-BanaM.I.AboodA.A.A.DarB.A.M.HegazyA.K.,2019.Impact of off-road vehicles on soil and vegetation in a desert rangeland in Saudi Arabia.Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences26:1187–1193. DOI10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.001.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bhandari M., 2018. Impact of tourism of off road driving on vegetation biomass, a case study of Maasai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya. Socioeconomic Challenges 2(3): 6–25. DOI 10.21272/sec.3(2)0.6-25.2018.BhandariM.,2018.Impact of tourism of off road driving on vegetation biomass, a case study of Maasai Mara National Reserve, Narok, Kenya.Socioeconomic Challenges2(3):6–25. DOI10.21272/sec.3(2)0.6-25.2018.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Buchwał A., Fidelus J., 2008. The development of erosive and denudational landforms on footpaths sections in the Babia Góra massif and the Western Tatras. Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica 8(2): 14–24.BuchwałA.FidelusJ.,2008.The development of erosive and denudational landforms on footpaths sections in the Babia Góra massif and the Western Tatras.Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica8(2):14–24.Search in Google Scholar
Buckley R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research 39(2): 528–546. DOI 10.1016/j. annals.2012.02.003.BuckleyR.,2012.Sustainable tourism: Research and reality.Annals of Tourism Research39(2):528–546. DOI10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Butler R., 1999. Sustainable tourism: A state-of-the-art review. Tourism Geographies 1(1): 7–25. DOI 10.1080/14616689908721291.ButlerR.,1999.Sustainable tourism: A state-of-the-art review.Tourism Geographies1(1):7–25. DOI10.1080/14616689908721291.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Carson D., Taylor A., 2008. Sustaining four wheel drive tourism in desert Australia. Exploring the evidence from a demand perspective. Rangeland Journal 30(1): 77–83. DOI 10.1071/RJ07036.CarsonD.TaylorA.,2008. Sustaining four wheel drive tourism in desert Australia. Exploring the evidence from a demand perspective.Rangeland Journal30(1):77–83. DOI10.1071/RJ07036.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Carù A., Cova B. (eds), 2007. Consuming experience. Routledge, London-New York.CarùA.CovaB.(eds),2007.Consuming experience.Routledge,London-New York.Search in Google Scholar
Cater C.I., 2017. Tourism on two wheels: Patterns of motorcycle leisure in Wales. Tourism Management 61: 180–189. DOI 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.007.CaterC.I.,2017.Tourism on two wheels: Patterns of motorcycle leisure in Wales.Tourism Management61:180–189. DOI10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.007.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Chylińska D., Kołodziejczyk K., 2022. Nielegalna turystyka zmotoryzowana na terenie Lasów Państwowych w Polsce (Illegal motor tourism in the State Forests in Poland). Przegląd Geograficzny 94(1): 103–132. DOI 10.7163/PrzG.2022.1.5.ChylińskaD.KołodziejczykK.,2022.Nielegalna turystyka zmotoryzowana na terenie Lasów Państwowych w Polsce (Illegal motor tourism in the State Forests in Poland).Przegląd Geograficzny94(1):103–132. DOI10.7163/PrzG.2022.1.5.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Crompton L.J., 1979. Motivation for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research 6(4): 408–424. DOI 10.1177/004728758001900185.CromptonL.J.,1979.Motivation for pleasure vacation.Annals of Tourism Research6(4):408–424. DOI10.1177/004728758001900185.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi M., 2005. Przepływ: psychologia optymalnego doświadczenia (Flow: Psychology of optimal experience). Moderator, Taszów.CsikszentmihalyiM.,2005.Przepływ: psychologia optymalnego doświadczenia(Flow: Psychology of optimal experience).Moderator,Taszów.Search in Google Scholar
Czochański J.T., 2000. Wpływ użytkowania turystycznego na rozwój procesów i form erozyjno-denudacyjnych w otoczeniu szlaków (The impact of tourism on the development of erosion and denudation processes near tourist trails). In: Czochański J.T., Borowiak D. (eds), Z badań geograficznych w Tatrach Polskich. 25-lecie badań Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego (1974-1999) (From geographical research in the Polish Tatra Mountains. 25th anniversary of research at the University of Gdańsk (1974–1999)). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk: 331–344.CzochańskiJ.T.,2000.Wpływ użytkowania turystycznego na rozwój procesów i form erozyjno-denudacyjnych w otoczeniu szlaków (The impact of tourism on the development of erosion and denudation processes near tourist trails). In:CzochańskiJ.T.BorowiakD.(eds),Z badań geograficznych w Tatrach Polskich. 25-lecie badań Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego (1974-1999)(From geographical research in the Polish Tatra Mountains. 25th anniversary of research at the University of Gdańsk (1974–1999)).Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego,Gdańsk:331–344.Search in Google Scholar
Davenport J., Switalski T.A., 2006. Environmental impacts of transport related to tourism and leisure activities. In: Davenport J., Davenport J.L. (eds), The ecology of transportation: Managing mobility for the environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 333–360.DavenportJ.SwitalskiT.A.,2006.Environmental impacts of transport related to tourism and leisure activities. In:DavenportJ.DavenportJ.L.(eds),The ecology of transportation: Managing mobility for the environment.Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht:333–360.Search in Google Scholar
Denstadli J.M., Jacobsen J.K.S., 2011. The long and winding roads: Perceived quality of scenic tourism routes. Tourism Management 32(4): 780–789. DOI 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.014.DenstadliJ.M.JacobsenJ.K.S.,2011.The long and winding roads: Perceived quality of scenic tourism routes.Tourism Management32(4):780–789. DOI10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.014.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dorocki S., 2021. Tourism on a motorcycle – an attempt to describe motorcycle tourism in Poland based on the results of an internet survey conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic. Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego 35(3): 320–332. DOI 10.24917/20801653.353.20.DorockiS.,2021.Tourism on a motorcycle – an attempt to describe motorcycle tourism in Poland based on the results of an internet survey conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic.Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego35(3):320–332. DOI10.24917/20801653.353.20.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Eby D.W., Molnar L., 2002. Importance of scenic byways in route choice: A survey of driving tourists in the United States. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 36(2): 95–106. DOI 10.1016/s0965-8564(00)00039-2.EbyD.W.MolnarL.,2002.Importance of scenic byways in route choice: A survey of driving tourists in the United States.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice36(2):95–106. DOI10.1016/s0965-8564(00)00039-2.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ertaş M., Sykes D., Cater C., 2022. Effects of motorcycle group membership on the ride experience and travel motivators: A comparison between the USA, the UK, and Turkey. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 14(3): 333–350. DOI 10.1515/tw-2022-0012.ErtaşM.SykesD.CaterC.,2022.Effects of motorcycle group membership on the ride experience and travel motivators: A comparison between the USA, the UK, and Turkey.Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft14(3):333–350. DOI10.1515/tw-2022-0012.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fidelus J., 2008. Rola ruchu turystycznego w przekształcaniu ścieżek i dróg turystycznych na obszarze Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego (The role of tourism in the transformation of tourist paths and routes in the Tatra National Park). Prace Geograficzne 120: 19–29.FidelusJ.,2008.Rola ruchu turystycznego w przekształcaniu ścieżek i dróg turystycznych na obszarze Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego (The role of tourism in the transformation of tourist paths and routes in the Tatra National Park).Prace Geograficzne120:19–29.Search in Google Scholar
Fjelstul J., Fyall A., 2015. Sustainable drive tourism: A catalyst for change. International Journal of Tourism Research 17(5): 460–470. DOI 10.1002/jtr.2013.FjelstulJ.FyallA.,2015.Sustainable drive tourism: A catalyst for change.International Journal of Tourism Research17(5):460–470. DOI10.1002/jtr.2013.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Frash Jr R.E., Blose J.E., Smith W.W., Scherhag K., 2018. A multidisciplinary marketing profile of motorcycle tourists: Explorers escaping routine to find flow on scenic routes. Tourism Recreation Research 43(4): 432–444. DOI 10.1080/02508281.2018.1492767.FrashR.E.JrBloseJ.E.SmithW.W.ScherhagK.,2018.A multidisciplinary marketing profile of motorcycle tourists: Explorers escaping routine to find flow on scenic routes.Tourism Recreation Research43(4):432–444. DOI10.1080/02508281.2018.1492767.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Frash Jr R.E., Blose J.E., 2019. Serious leisure as a predictor of travel intentions and flow in motorcycle tourism. Tourism Recreation Research 44(4): 516–531. DOI 10.1080/02508281.2019.1626118.FrashR.E.JrBloseJ.E.,2019.Serious leisure as a predictor of travel intentions and flow in motorcycle tourism.Tourism Recreation Research44(4):516–531. DOI10.1080/02508281.2019.1626118.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Frash Jr R.E., Blose J.E., 2022. Investigating flow in motorcycle tourism: A review of previous research and identification of opportunities. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 14(3): 263–282. DOI 10.1515/tw-2022-0009.FrashR.E.JrBloseJ.E.,2022.Investigating flow in motorcycle tourism: A review of previous research and identification of opportunities.Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft14(3):263–282. DOI10.1515/tw-2022-0009.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gaines W.L., Singleton P.H., Ross R.C., 2003. Assessing the cumulative effects of linear recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-586. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.GainesW.L.SingletonP.H.RossR.C.,2003.Assessing the cumulative effects of linear recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests.Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-586.U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.Search in Google Scholar
Gorczyca E., 2000. Wplyw ruchu turystycznego na przeksztalcanie rzeźby wysokogórskiej na przykladzie masywu Czerwonych Wierchów i Regli Zakopiańskich (Tatry Zachodnie) (The impact of tourism on the high-mountain relief. Case of the Czerwone Wierchy massif and Regle Zakopiańskie in the Western Tatras). Prace Geograficzne 105: 369–388.GorczycaE.,2000.Wplyw ruchu turystycznego na przeksztalcanie rzeźby wysokogórskiej na przykladzie masywu Czerwonych Wierchów i Regli Zakopiańskich (Tatry Zachodnie) (The impact of tourism on the high-mountain relief. Case of the Czerwone Wierchy massif and Regle Zakopiańskie in the Western Tatras).Prace Geograficzne105:369–388.Search in Google Scholar
Gorczyca E., Krzemień K., 2006. Wplyw ruchu turystycznego na przeksztalcanie rzeźby wybranych obszarów górskich (The impact of tourism on the relief in selected mountain areas). In: Trepińska J., Olecki Z. (eds), Klimatyczne aspekty środowiska geograficznego (Climate aspects of the geographical environment). Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Krakow: 311–322.GorczycaE.KrzemieńK.,2006.Wplyw ruchu turystycznego na przeksztalcanie rzeźby wybranych obszarów górskich (The impact of tourism on the relief in selected mountain areas). In:TrepińskaJ.OleckiZ.(eds),Klimatyczne aspekty środowiska geograficznego(Climate aspects of the geographical environment).Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński,Krakow:311–322.Search in Google Scholar
Gronau W., Große Hokamp J., 2022. Motorcycle tourism: The long ride towards an academic field of research – a literature review. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 14(3): 248–262. DOI 10.1515/tw-2022-0013.GronauW.Große HokampJ.,2022.Motorcycle tourism: The long ride towards an academic field of research – a literature review.Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft14(3):248–262. DOI10.1515/tw-2022-0013.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hallo J.C., Manning R.E., 2009. Transportation and recreation: A case study of visitors driving for pleasure at Acadia National Park. Journal of Transport Geography 17(6): 491–499. DOI 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.10.001.HalloJ.C.ManningR.E.,2009.Transportation and recreation: A case study of visitors driving for pleasure at Acadia National Park.Journal of Transport Geography17(6):491–499. DOI10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.10.001.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hanrahan J., Maguire K., Boyd S., 2017. Community engagement in drive tourism in Ireland: Case study of the Wild Atlantic Way. Journal of Heritage Tourism 12(5): 509–525. DOI 10.1080/1743873x.2016.1242594.HanrahanJ.MaguireK.BoydS.,2017.Community engagement in drive tourism in Ireland: Case study of the Wild Atlantic Way.Journal of Heritage Tourism12(5):509–525. DOI10.1080/1743873x.2016.1242594.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Havlick D.G., 2002. No place distant: Roads and motorized recreation on America’s public lands. Island Press, Washington.HavlickD.G.,2002.No place distant: Roads and motorized recreation on America’s public lands.Island Press,Washington.Search in Google Scholar
Heide T., Scuttari A., 2022. Holiday preferences and travel behavior of German motorcyclists. A cluster analysis. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 14(3): 284–302. DOI 10.1515/tw-2022-0019.HeideT.ScuttariA.,2022. Holiday preferences and travel behavior of German motorcyclists. A cluster analysis.Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft14(3):284–302. DOI10.1515/tw-2022-0019.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hunter C., 1997. Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research 24(4): 850–867. DOI 10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00036-4.HunterC.,1997.Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm.Annals of Tourism Research24(4):850–867. DOI10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00036-4.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Iso-Ahola S.E., 1980. The social psychology of leisure and recreation. Brown, Dubuque.Iso-AholaS.E.,1980.The social psychology of leisure and recreation.Brown,Dubuque.Search in Google Scholar
Iso-Ahola S.E., 1982. Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research 9(2): 256–262. DOI 10.1016/0160-7383(82)90049-4.Iso-AholaS.E.,1982.Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder.Annals of Tourism Research9(2):256–262. DOI10.1016/0160-7383(82)90049-4.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Iso-Ahola S.E., 1983. Towards a social psychology of recreational travel. Leisure Studies 2(1): 45–56. DOI 10.1080/02614368300390041.Iso-AholaS.E.,1983.Towards a social psychology of recreational travel.Leisure Studies2(1):45–56. DOI10.1080/02614368300390041.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Iso-Ahola S.E., 1990. Motivation for leisure. In: Jackson E.L., Burton T.L. (eds), Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future. Venture Publishing, Andover: 247–279.Iso-AholaS.E.,1990.Motivation for leisure. In:JacksonE.L.BurtonT.L.(eds),Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future.Venture Publishing,Andover:247–279.Search in Google Scholar
Jala Z., Cieślakiewicz D., 2004. Potencjalna erozja gleb w Karkonoskim Parku Narodowym (Potential soils erosion in the Karkonosze National Park). Opera Corcontica 41: 66–73.JalaZ.CieślakiewiczD.,2004.Potencjalna erozja gleb w Karkonoskim Parku Narodowym (Potential soils erosion in the Karkonosze National Park).Opera Corcontica41:66–73.Search in Google Scholar
Joslin G., Youmans H., 1999. Effects of recreation on Rocky Mountain wildlife: A review for Montana. Committee of effects of recreation on wildlife, Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society.JoslinG.YoumansH.,1999.Effects of recreation on Rocky Mountain wildlife: A review for Montana.Committee of effects of recreation on wildlife, Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society.Search in Google Scholar
Joy T., Antony J.K., 2019. Motivation for adventure tourism through off-roading – a study in the hill areas of Kerala, India. Atna Journal of Tourism Studies 14(2): 51–70. DOI 10.12727/ajts.22.4.JoyT.AntonyJ.K.,2019.Motivation for adventure tourism through off-roading – a study in the hill areas of Kerala, India.Atna Journal of Tourism Studies14(2):51–70. DOI10.12727/ajts.22.4.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kasprzak M., 2005. Tempo degradacji powierzchni dróg i ścieżek turystycznych w Karkonoszach Wschodnich (The rate of degradation of tourist routes in the East Giant Mountains). Opera Corcontica 42: 17–30.KasprzakM.,2005.Tempo degradacji powierzchni dróg i ścieżek turystycznych w Karkonoszach Wschodnich (The rate of degradation of tourist routes in the East Giant Mountains).Opera Corcontica42:17–30.Search in Google Scholar
Kasprzak M., 2006. Erozja wodna na drogach i ścieżkach turystycznych w Karkonoszach (Water erosion on tourist routes and paths in the Giant Mountains). Przyroda Sudetów 9: 179–190.KasprzakM.,2006.Erozja wodna na drogach i ścieżkach turystycznych w Karkonoszach (Water erosion on tourist routes and paths in the Giant Mountains).Przyroda Sudetów9:179–190.Search in Google Scholar
Kolasińska A., 2015. Trail management, off-trail walking and visitors impact in the Pieniny Mts National Park (Polish Carpathians). Eco.mont – Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management 7(1): 17–27. DOI 10.1553/eco.mont-7-1s26.KolasińskaA.,2015.Trail management, off-trail walking and visitors impact in the Pieniny Mts National Park (Polish Carpathians).Eco.mont – Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management7(1):17–27. DOI10.1553/eco.mont-7-1s26.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kolodziejczyk K., 2020. The negative impact of hiking on the mountain environment – the position of Polish scientists by comparison with the global literature. Folia Turistica 55: 85–115. DOI 10.5604/01.3001.0014.2420.KolodziejczykK.,2020.The negative impact of hiking on the mountain environment – the position of Polish scientists by comparison with the global literature.Folia Turistica55:85–115. DOI10.5604/01.3001.0014.2420.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Knight R.L., Gutzwiller K.J. (eds), 1995. Wildlife and recreationists: Coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington.KnightR.L.GutzwillerK.J.(eds),1995.Wildlife and recreationists: Coexistence through management and research.Island Press,Washington.Search in Google Scholar
Krusiec M., 1996. Wplyw ruchu turystycznego na przeksztalcanie rzeźby Tatr Zachodnich na przykladzie Doliny Chocholowskiej (The influence of tourism on relief transformation in the Western Tatra Mountains on the example of the Chocholowska Valley). Czasopismo Geograficzne 67(3-4): 303–320.KrusiecM.,1996.Wplyw ruchu turystycznego na przeksztalcanie rzeźby Tatr Zachodnich na przykladzie Doliny Chocholowskiej (The influence of tourism on relief transformation in the Western Tatra Mountains on the example of the Chocholowska Valley).Czasopismo Geograficzne67(3-4):303–320.Search in Google Scholar
Kubeš J., 2010. Chatové oblasti České republiky (Second housing areas in the Czech Republic). Geografický časopis 63: 53–68.KubešJ.,2010.Chatové oblasti České republiky (Second housing areas in the Czech Republic).Geografický časopis63:53–68.Search in Google Scholar
Lasy Państwowe (State Forests), 2020. Raport o stanie lasów w Polsce 2019 (Report on the condition of forests in Poland in 2019). Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe, Warsaw. Online: https://www.lasy.gov.pl/pl/informacje/publikacje/informacje-statystyczne-i-raporty/raport-o-stanie-lasow/raport-o-stanie-lasow.pdf/view (accessed 12 March 2021).Lasy Państwowe (State Forests),2020.Raport o stanie lasów w Polsce 2019(Report on the condition of forests in Poland in 2019).Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe,Warsaw.Online: https://www.lasy.gov.pl/pl/informacje/publikacje/informacje-statystyczne-i-raporty/raport-o-stanie-lasow/raport-o-stanie-lasow.pdf/view(accessed 12 March 2021).Search in Google Scholar
Lerdsuchatavanich P., Pradatsundarasar A., Pattanakiat S., Utarasakul T., 2017. Impact assessment of off-road activities for sustainable tourism management in Khao Krajome, Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 10(4): 197–205. DOI 10.3923/jest.2017.197.205.LerdsuchatavanichP.PradatsundarasarA.PattanakiatS.UtarasakulT.,2017.Impact assessment of off-road activities for sustainable tourism management in Khao Krajome, Thailand.International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology10(4):197–205. DOI10.3923/jest.2017.197.205.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Liddle M., 1997. Recreation ecology: The ecological impact of outdoor recreation and ecotourism. Chapman & Hall, London.LiddleM.,1997.Recreation ecology: The ecological impact of outdoor recreation and ecotourism.Chapman & Hall,London.Search in Google Scholar
Liu Z., 2003. Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 11(6): 459–475. DOI 10.1080/09669580308667216.LiuZ.,2003.Sustainable tourism development: A critique.Journal of Sustainable Tourism11(6):459–475. DOI10.1080/09669580308667216.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lucrezi S., Schlacher T.A., 2010. Impacts of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on burrow architecture of ghost crabs (genus Ocypode) on sandy beaches. Environmental Management 45: 1352–1362. DOI 10.1007/s00267-010-9491-5.LucreziS.SchlacherT.A.,2010.Impacts of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on burrow architecture of ghost crabs (genus Ocypode) on sandy beaches.Environmental Management45:1352–1362. DOI10.1007/s00267-010-9491-5.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Łajczak A., 1996. Wplyw narciarstwa i turystyki pieszej na erozję gleby w obszarze podszczytowym Pilska (The impact of skiing and hiking on erosion in the Pilsko sub-summit area). In: Łajczak A., Michalik S., Witkowski Z. (eds), Wpływ narciarstwa i turystyki pieszej na przyrodę masywu Pilska (The influence of skiing and hiking on the nature of the Pilsko Massif). Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw: 131–159.ŁajczakA.,1996.Wplyw narciarstwa i turystyki pieszej na erozję gleby w obszarze podszczytowym Pilska (The impact of skiing and hiking on erosion in the Pilsko sub-summit area). In:ŁajczakA.MichalikS.WitkowskiZ.(eds),Wpływ narciarstwa i turystyki pieszej na przyrodę masywu Pilska(The influence of skiing and hiking on the nature of the Pilsko Massif).Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw:131–159.Search in Google Scholar
Łajczak A., Michalik S., Witkowski Z. (eds), 1996. Wpływ narciarstwa i turystyki pieszej na przyrodę masywu Pilska (Theinfluence of skiing and hiking on the nature of the Pilsko Massif). Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.ŁajczakA.MichalikS.WitkowskiZ.(eds),1996.Wpływ narciarstwa i turystyki pieszej na przyrodę masywu Pilska(Theinfluence of skiing and hiking on the nature of the Pilsko Massif).Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw.Search in Google Scholar
McCool S.F., 1994. Planning for sustainable nature dependent tourism development: The limits of acceptable change system. Tourism Recreation Research 19(2): 51–55. DOI 10.1080/02508281.1994.11014708.McCoolS.F.,1994.Planning for sustainable nature dependent tourism development: The limits of acceptable change system.Tourism Recreation Research19(2):51–55. DOI10.1080/02508281.1994.11014708.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mika M., 2004. Turystyka a przemiany środowiska przyrodniczego Beskidu Sląskiego (Tourism and environmental changes in the Beskid Śląski Mountains). Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Krakow.MikaM.,2004.Turystyka a przemiany środowiska przyrodniczego Beskidu Sląskiego(Tourism and environmental changes in the Beskid Śląski Mountains).Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński,Krakow.Search in Google Scholar
Moore K., Berno T., 1995. Relationships between crime and tourism. Visions in Leisure and Business 14(3): Article 2. Online: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1509&context=visions (accessed 5 December 2021).MooreK.BernoT.,1995.Relationships between crime and tourism.Visions in Leisure and Business14(3): Article 2. Online: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1509&context=visions(accessed 5 December 2021).Search in Google Scholar
Nadleśnictwo Kamienna Góra (Kamienna Góra Forest Inspectorate), 2021. Zasoby (Resources). Online: https://kamienna.wroclaw.lasy.gov.pl/zasoby-lesne#.YZgT-GrrdhPY (accessed 19 November 2021).Nadleśnictwo Kamienna Góra (Kamienna Góra Forest Inspectorate),2021.Zasoby(Resources). Online: https://kamienna.wroclaw.lasy.gov.pl/zasoby-lesne#.YZgT-GrrdhPY(accessed 19 November 2021).Search in Google Scholar
Nortjé G.P., van Hoven W., Laker M.C., 2012. Factors affecting the impact of off-road driving on soils in an area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Environmental Management 50: 1164–1176. DOI 10.1007/s00267-012-9954-y.NortjéG.P.van HovenW.LakerM.C.,2012.Factors affecting the impact of off-road driving on soils in an area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.Environmental Management50:1164–1176. DOI10.1007/s00267-012-9954-y.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ouren D.S., Haas C., Melcher C.P., Stewart S.C., Ponds P.D., Sexton N.R., Burris L., Fancher T., Bowen Z.H., 2007. Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on bureau of land management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007–1353.OurenD.S.HaasC.MelcherC.P.StewartS.C.PondsP.D.SextonN.R.BurrisL.FancherT.BowenZ.H.,2007.Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on bureau of land management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources.U.S. Geological Survey,Open-File Report 2007–1353.Search in Google Scholar
Padarz U., 1992. Rola czynnika antropogenicznego we współczesnych przemianach rzeźby Tatr na przykła-dzie Kasprowego Wierchu i Czerwonych Wierchów (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pieszego ruchu turystycznego) (The role of the anthropogenic factor in contemporary transformations of the relief of the Tatra Mountains on the example of Kasprowy Wierch and Czerwone Wierchy (with particular emphasis on hiking)). Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warsaw (typescript).PadarzU.,1992.Rola czynnika antropogenicznego we współczesnych przemianach rzeźby Tatr na przykła-dzie Kasprowego Wierchu i Czerwonych Wierchów (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pieszego ruchu turystycznego) (The role of the anthropogenic factor in contemporary transformations of the relief of the Tatra Mountains on the example of Kasprowy Wierch and Czerwone Wierchy (with particular emphasis on hiking)).Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego,Warsaw(typescript).Search in Google Scholar
Parzóch K., Katrycz M., 2002. Współczesne procesy geomor-fologiczne i antropopresja w górskim środowisku Karkonoszy (Contemporary geomorphological processes and anthropopressure in the mountain environment of the Karkonosze Mountains). Przyroda Sudetów Zachodnich suplement 1: 23–36.ParzóchK.KatryczM.,2002.Współczesne procesy geomor-fologiczne i antropopresja w górskim środowisku Karkonoszy (Contemporary geomorphological processes and anthropopressure in the mountain environment of the Karkonosze Mountains).Przyroda Sudetów Zachodnichsuplement1:23–36.Search in Google Scholar
Pinch P., Reimer S., 2012. Moto-mobilities. Geographies of the motorcycle and motorcyclists. Mobilities 7(3): 439–457. DOI 10.1080/17450101.2012.659466.PinchP.ReimerS.,2012.Moto-mobilities. Geographies of the motorcycle and motorcyclists.Mobilities7(3):439–457. DOI10.1080/17450101.2012.659466.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Price-Davies E., 2011. Adventure motorcycling. The tourist gaze. International Journal of Motorcycle Studies 7(1): 1–7.Price-DaviesE.,2011.Adventure motorcycling. The tourist gaze.International Journal of Motorcycle Studies7(1):1–7.Search in Google Scholar
Prideaux B., Carson D. (eds), 2011. Drive tourism: Trends and emerging markets. Routledge, London.PrideauxB.CarsonD.(eds),2011.Drive tourism: Trends and emerging markets.Routledge,London.Search in Google Scholar
Qiu H., Hsu C., Li M., Shu B., 2018. Self-drive tourism attributes: Influences on satisfaction and behavioral intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 23(4): 395–407. DOI 10.1080/10941665.2018.1445117.QiuH.HsuC.LiM.ShuB.,2018.Self-drive tourism attributes: Influences on satisfaction and behavioral intention.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research23(4):395–407. DOI10.1080/10941665.2018.1445117.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ramoa C.E.A., Pires P.S., Anana E.S., 2021. Motorcycle tourism and nature: An analysis of motorcyclists’ motivations to travel. Leisure Studies 40(3): 407–423. DOI 10.1080/02614367.2020.1858327.RamoaC.E.A.PiresP.S.AnanaE.S.,2021.Motorcycle tourism and nature: An analysis of motorcyclists’ motivations to travel.Leisure Studies40(3):407–423. DOI10.1080/02614367.2020.1858327.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rickly J., 2016. Lifestyle mobilities: A politics of lifestyle rock climbing. Mobilities 11(2): 243–263. DOI 10.1080/17450101.2014.977667.RicklyJ.,2016.Lifestyle mobilities: A politics of lifestyle rock climbing.Mobilities11(2):243–263. DOI10.1080/17450101.2014.977667.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Scherhag K., Gross S., Sand M., 2022. Adventures on two wheels – Comparative study of motorcycle adventure tourists in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 14(3): 303–332. DOI 10.1515/tw-2022-0017.ScherhagK.GrossS.SandM.,2022.Adventures on two wheels – Comparative study of motorcycle adventure tourists in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft14(3):303–332. DOI10.1515/tw-2022-0017.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Scuttari A., 2019. Cycling and motorcycling tourism: An analysis of physical, sensory, social, and emotional features of journey experiences. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham.ScuttariA.,2019.Cycling and motorcycling tourism: An analysis of physical, sensory, social, and emotional features of journey experiences.Springer NatureSwitzerland AG, Cham.Search in Google Scholar
Sharpley R., 2000. Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8(1): 1–19. DOI 10.1080/09669580008667346.SharpleyR.,2000.Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide.Journal of Sustainable Tourism8(1):1–19. DOI10.1080/09669580008667346.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Solon J., Borzyszkowski J., Bidłasik M., Richling A., Badora K., Balon J., Brzezińska-Wójcik T., Chabudziński Ł., Dobrowolski R., Grzegorczyk I., Jodłowski M., Kistowski M., Kot R., Krąż P., Lechnio J., Macias A., Majchrowska A., Malinowska E., Migoń P., Myga-Piątek U., Nita J., Papińska E., Rodzik J., Strzyż M., Terpiłowski S., Ziaja W., 2018. Physico-geographical mesoregions of Poland: Verification and adjustment of boundaries on the basis of contemporary spatial data. Geographia Polonica 91(2): 143–170. DOI 10.7163/GPol.0115.SolonJ.BorzyszkowskiJ.BidłasikM.RichlingA.BadoraK.BalonJ.Brzezińska-WójcikT.ChabudzińskiŁ.DobrowolskiR.GrzegorczykI.JodłowskiM.KistowskiM.KotR.KrążP.LechnioJ.MaciasA.MajchrowskaA.MalinowskaE.MigońP.Myga-PiątekU.NitaJ.PapińskaE.RodzikJ.StrzyżM.TerpiłowskiS.ZiajaW.,2018.Physico-geographical mesoregions of Poland: Verification and adjustment of boundaries on the basis of contemporary spatial data.Geographia Polonica91(2):143–170. DOI10.7163/GPol.0115.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Staffa M., Janczak J., Mazurski K.R., Czerwiński J., Potocki J., 1996. Słownik geografii turystycznej Sudetów, vol. 9: Góry Kamienne (Dictionary of tourist geography of the Sudetes, vol. 9: the Kamienne Mountains). Wydawnictwo I-BIS, Wrocław.StaffaM.JanczakJ.MazurskiK.R.CzerwińskiJ.PotockiJ.,1996.Słownik geografii turystycznej Sudetów, vol. 9: Góry Kamienne(Dictionary of tourist geography of the Sudetes, vol. 9: the Kamienne Mountains). Wydawnictwo I-BIS, Wrocław.Search in Google Scholar
Swarbrooke J., 1999. Sustainable tourism management. CABI Publishing, New York.SwarbrookeJ.,1999.Sustainable tourism management.CABI Publishing,New York.Search in Google Scholar
Switalski T.A., Jones A., 2012. Off-road vehicle best management practices for forestlands: A review of scientific literature and guidance for managers. Journal of Conservation Planning 8: 12–24.SwitalskiT.A.JonesA.,2012.Off-road vehicle best management practices for forestlands: A review of scientific literature and guidance for managers.Journal of Conservation Planning8:12–24.Search in Google Scholar
Sykes D., Kelly K.G., 2016. Motorcycle drive tourism leading to rural tourism opportunities. Tourism Economics 22(3): 543–557. DOI 10.5367/te.2014.0454.SykesD.KellyK.G.,2016.Motorcycle drive tourism leading to rural tourism opportunities.Tourism Economics22(3):543–557. DOI10.5367/te.2014.0454.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Szydarowski W., 2000. Rozwój form erozyjnych w otoczeniu szlaków turystycznych Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego (Development of erosion forms in the vicinity of tourist routes in the Tatra National Park). In: Czochański J.T., Borowiak D. (eds), Z badań geograficznych w Tatrach Polskich. 25-lecie badań Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego (1974–1999) (From geographical research in the Polish Tatra Mountains. 25th anniversary of research at the University of Gdańsk (1974–1999)). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk: 315–328.SzydarowskiW.,2000.Rozwój form erozyjnych w otoczeniu szlaków turystycznych Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego (Development of erosion forms in the vicinity of tourist routes in the Tatra National Park). In:CzochańskiJ.T.BorowiakD.(eds),Z badań geograficznych w Tatrach Polskich. 25-lecie badań Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego (1974–1999)(From geographical research in the Polish Tatra Mountains. 25th anniversary of research at the University of Gdańsk (1974–1999)).Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego,Gdańsk:315–328.Search in Google Scholar
Traczyk A., 2021. Morfologia Jańskiego Wierchu (Worek Okrzeszyński) w Sudetach Środkowych (Morphology of Mt. Jański Wierch (Okrzeszyn Basin) in the Central Sudetes). Przyroda Sudetów 23: 203–222.TraczykA.,2021.Morfologia Jańskiego Wierchu (Worek Okrzeszyński) w Sudetach Środkowych (Morphology of Mt.Jański Wierch (Okrzeszyn Basin) in the Central Sudetes).Przyroda Sudetów23:203–222.Search in Google Scholar
Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody (Act of 16 April 2004 on environmental protection). Journal of Laws 2004, 92, item 880; Journal of Laws 2021, items 1098, 1718.Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody(Act of 16 April 2004 on environmental protection).Journal of Laws2004, No. 92, item 880; Journal of Laws 2021, items 1098, 1718.Search in Google Scholar
Ustawa z dnia 28 września 1991 r. o lasach (Act of 28 September 1991 on forests). Journal of Laws 1991, 101, item 444; Journal of Laws 2021, items 1275, 1718.Ustawa z dnia 28 września 1991 r. o lasach (Act of 28 September 1991 on forests).Journal of Laws1991, No. 101, item 444; Journal of Laws 2021, items 1275, 1718.Search in Google Scholar
Vágner J., 2001. Vývoj druhého bydlení v Česku (The development of second housing in the Czech Republic). In: Fialová D., Vágner J. (eds), Druhé bydlení v Česku (Second housing in the Czech Republic). Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovedecká fakulta, katedra sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje, Prague: 42–54.VágnerJ.,2001.Vývoj druhého bydlení v Česku (The development of second housing in the Czech Republic). In:FialováD.VágnerJ.(eds),Druhé bydlení v Česku(Second housing in the Czech Republic).Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovedecká fakulta, katedra sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje,Prague:42–54.Search in Google Scholar
Wall G., Mathieson A., 2006. Tourism: Change, impacts and opportunities. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow.WallG.MathiesonA.,2006.Tourism: Change, impacts and opportunities.Pearson Education Limited,Harlow.Search in Google Scholar
Webb R.H., Wilshire H.G., 1983. Environmental Effects of off-road vehicles – impacts and management in arid regions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.WebbR.H.WilshireH.G.,1983.Environmental Effects of off-road vehicles – impacts and management in arid regions.Springer-Verlag,Berlin.Search in Google Scholar
WildEarth Guardians (n.d.). Resources database. Online: https://www.wildlandcpr.org/resources-database (accessed 5 December 2021).WildEarth Guardians (n.d.).Resources database.Online: https://www.wildlandcpr.org/resources-database(accessed 5 December 2021).Search in Google Scholar
Wragg J., 2022. Heroes and pilgrims: An autoethnographic exploration of adventure motorcycle travel. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 14(3): 351–368. DOI 10.1515/tw-2022-0015.WraggJ.,2022.Heroes and pilgrims: An autoethnographic exploration of adventure motorcycle travel.Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft14(3):351–368. DOI10.1515/tw-2022-0015.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Zawadka J., 2015. Podróże motocyklowe jako niszowa forma turystyki kwalifikowanej oraz preferencje i zachowania ich uczestników (Motorcycle travel as a niche form of adventure tourism and preferences and behavior of its participants). Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. Monografie i Opracowania 379: 156–164. ZawadkaJ.,2015.Podróże motocyklowe jako niszowa forma turystyki kwalifikowanej oraz preferencje i zachowania ich uczestników (Motorcycle travel as a niche form of adventure tourism and preferences and behavior of its participants).Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. Monografie i Opracowania379:156–164.Search in Google Scholar
y 