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Fig. 1.

Location of Kalwaria Głotowska (based on Open Street Map).
Location of Kalwaria Głotowska (based on Open Street Map).

Fig. 2.

Field survey of the designed trails.
Field survey of the designed trails.

Fig. 3.

Four specific objectives of the research. A survey of seniors’ (60+) computer literacy skills conducted in the geoinformation technology laboratory.
Four specific objectives of the research. A survey of seniors’ (60+) computer literacy skills conducted in the geoinformation technology laboratory.

Fig. 4.

Map icons correctly identified by the testers.
Map icons correctly identified by the testers.

Fig. 5.

UML diagram presenting the structure of a spatial database – graphic representation of a thematic map in the application window.
UML diagram presenting the structure of a spatial database – graphic representation of a thematic map in the application window.

Fig. 6.

Example of graphic symbols of tourist attractions.
Example of graphic symbols of tourist attractions.

Fig. 7.

Photographs of the area where the field survey was conducted.
Photographs of the area where the field survey was conducted.

Fig. 8.

Selected geoportal functions: (a) and (b) the trail and landmark icons; (c) an icons with additional functionality – photographs, information about objects and sound information; (d) photographs.
Selected geoportal functions: (a) and (b) the trail and landmark icons; (c) an icons with additional functionality – photographs, information about objects and sound information; (d) photographs.

Interpretation of the respondents’ behaviours and impressions.

Issue Interpretation
Trail accessibility for persons with mobility impairments (120’) Fatigue, problems with traversing steep slopes (impossible for wheel-chair users), entering the church (stairs, no wheelchair ramp), visiting several chapels, crossing the bridge (wheelchair users)
Comparison of trails for users with and without mobility impairments (70’ – longer trail, 40’ – shorter trail) The trail was evaluated as relatively easy. The respondents reported fatigue, and some participants had to take short breaks during the hike, including in sites that were landmarked in the application. The trail for mobility disabled users was evaluated as relatively easy. The multimedia application offered a valuable experience for users who were unable to visit the museum due to the absence of disability-friendly facilities.
Accessibility and visibility of symbols The accessibility and visibility of symbols and QR codes were evaluated as satisfactory (signs were placed at an appropriate height and in convenient locations, which enabled the respondents to find the relevant content on the map).
Readability of symbols The readability of the applied symbols was satisfactory. The symbols were interpreted intuitively.
Comprehension of cartographic symbols The applied cartographic symbols were easy to understand. Different interpretations were proposed in a limited number of cases.

Guidelines for developing a geoportal and a mobile application for seniors and persons with physical disabilities.

Design criterion Recommendations
Graphic interface 1.1. Toned down colours, with a predominance of grey, blue and green1.2. Functions are described in large font1.3. High contrast option for users with visual impairments
Menu screen – organisation and list of content 2.1. Simplified and fixed toolbars that cannot be moved, minimised or removed from the application window2.2. Minimal number of toolbars2.3. Each taskbar icon performs only one function
Ergonomics 3.1. One user interface without additional content, dynamic elements or advertisements3.2. Menu items leading to submenu items are visibly marked with text and/or clear graphic symbols3.3. Minimal number of items on each menu/submenu
Map and presentation of spatial data 4.1. Simplified map with large graphic symbols that are explained in the legend; fixed legend in the map window4.2. Simplified map functionalities, including zooming in and out, with large icons4.3. Easy to use
Basic content 5.1. Links to religious sites, museums, churches, chapels, cemeteries and parks5.2. Optional items – text, map, cartographic symbols and icons, abbreviations, legend
Additional content 6.1. Additional content, such as detailed maps, satellite and aerial images, is not required6.2. Optional links to Websites with information about train and bus timetables, tourist information, weather forecasts6.3. Additional tourist information is not required
Availability 7.1. The application is optimised for mobile devices
Travel route and test area requirements 8.1. Visiting sequence8.2. Photographs, shopping for souvenirs and religious items8.3. Terrain obstacles and other difficulties: lack of public toilets, lack of clear tourist signs, steep slopes, lack of rest areas, lack of paved trails8.4. The route should be defined in the system and accurately marked on the map8.5. The route should be adapted to the user’s capabilities; the route cannot be defined independently by the user in the system
Symbols 9.1. Popular symbols or non-ambiguous symbols representing features on a map9.2. Symbols and letters should have the same (large) size9.3. Numerical terrain models and map layers should not be used to describe landform9.4. Symbols and map icons should be simple9.5. Obstacles should be represented by simple symbols9.6. The level of difficulty and additional tourist attractions should be displayed on the trail

Difficulty levels of tourist trails.

Symbol Definition Surface Accessibility Obstacles
Very easy Hard-top trail Flat hard-top surface None
Easy Flat and wide trail Mud with occasional rough segments Slope of 2° or less, rocks and ruts
Moderately easy Flat trail with varied width Mud with occasional rough segments Slope of <8°, rocks, ruts, loose surface
Moderately difficult Uneven trail Mud and rocks Slope of 12°, rocks, ruts, loose surface
Difficult Rocky trail Mud, loose stones, uneven surface Slope of 12° or more, loose stones
Very difficult Rocky trail, possible gaps in the surface Mud, loose stones, uneven surface Slope of 12° or more, loose stones, possible gaps in the surface
eISSN:
2081-6383
Idioma:
Inglés
Calendario de la edición:
4 veces al año
Temas de la revista:
Geosciences, Geography