<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The main objectives of this paper are to correctly define the equivalent Thévenin and Norton circuits and to presents the complete and exact proof of Thévenin and Norton theorems. These circuits allow the separation of the linear portions of the electronic circuits from the nonlinear ones and in this way the polarization process of the electronic devices becomes much more efficient. When linear and/or nonlinear analyzed circuits have a small number of nonlinear circuit elements, their analysis, synthesis, and simulation are performed much more efficiently if the nonlinear part of the circuit is separated from the linear one. By determining the equivalent Thévenin or Norton circuits in relation to the load to connected terminals of a system with two or more magnetic coupled coils, that are part of the wireless power transfer systems, optimal load parameters are determined so that the maximum active power is transmitted to the load.
</abstract>

The Equivalent Circuits Thévenin and Norton

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Nowadays, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is more present in any standard evaluation of a product or process. In automotive industry, the IEC 61508 Standard adapted the ISO 26262 restrictions for Electrical and Electronic Devices. Conducting an FMEA reduces the costs by focusing on preventing failures, improving safety and increasing customer satisfaction. This paper presents a case study of a FMEA on a CAN (Controller Area Network) Bus Harness considering the entire process from defining the scope and building the team, to the action plan that will reduce the Risk Priority Number below the acceptable risk value. Also, the brainstorming that identifies the possible failure modes is presented.</abstract>

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Automotive Industry: A Case Study

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper article aims to explore the study of different network topologies using Cisco Packet Tracer as the primary investigative tool. 
</abstract>

Study of Different Network Topologies Using Cisco Packet Tracer

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is necessary to keep the terminal voltage of a loaded alternator constant. It is widely used to increase the regulation and stability of synchronous alternators especially in bulk power plants where efficiency and stability is of paramount importance. The AVR is a feedback controller that varies the excitation of the alternator to support a constant output voltage by increasing or decreasing the excitation level of the alternator as the load varies. In this research, the transfer functions of the various stages of the AVR are decided for the purpose of the design of the Voltage Regulator. The performance of the AVR is decided by the basic no load and load test on the alternator. The results show that there was tremendous improvement in the terminal voltage of the alternator with the AVR and a significant drop in the terminal voltage of the alternator without the AVR.
</abstract>

Design and Construction of an Automatic Voltage Regulator for a Synchronous Alternator

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Nowadays, the use of quadcopters in daily life has become important due to its capabilities and ability to carry out many tasks in many fields like civil, military, industrial, and agricultural fields. The modelling of the quadcopter and deeply understanding its movements is very important to ensure that the simulations of its behaviour are as close as possible to reality and also helps us to design a flight controller. In this work, we used a modern technique on MATLAB (Simscape) to simulate a quadcopter in real-time. At first, we build a quadcopter using Simscape multibody then we simulated the PID regulator, the command algorithms, and the motor model with the applied forces on the body to achieve the global model that we can use to study the movement of the quadcopter on the three-axis which ensure a stable functioning. The results obtained show the stability of the four movements of the quadcopter (roll, pitch, yaw, and altitude).
</abstract>

Quadcopter Prototype Stability Analysis Using Matlab Simscape Library

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Photovoltaic (PVS) generators’ nonlinear electrical characteristics allow for greater performance and efficiency when they are forced to operate at their peak power (MPP). This article suggests an adaptive method for maximizing power point tracking that makes use of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques (MPPT). A step-up converter powered by a separate solar generator is under the control of an ANN controller built on a neural network training database (PVS). The results show that ANN-MPPT has good control performance and is near to the maximum power point of PVS when compared to conventional MPPT methods like perturb and observe and incremental conductance.
</abstract>

Improved Artificial Neural Network Design for MPPT Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Electric drive systems in mobility solutions are increasingly being used by the manufacturers in the global automotive industry. The European strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050 is also transposed into Romania’s Energy Strategy. An important part of this strategy is the use of electricity in public passenger transport to significantly reduce pollution in urban areas. The rapid pace in terms of the renewal of conventional urban transport with modern electrified solutions requires, at the same time, an analysis of the pressure that this new consumer can exert on the national energy system.
</abstract>

Electricity in Public Passengers’ Transportation and the Impact on Consumption in the National Energy System

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In GaAs-type materials, the primary mechanism for intra-valley scattering of low-energy electrons is their interaction with acoustic photons. These collisions are of the elastic and isotropic type, with their main effect being the nearly uniform scattering of the velocity vector of the electrons. Since the drift current in heterojunction bipolar transistors is proportional to the electric field, the contribution of the majority drift current cannot be neglected, as even a very small internal field produces a significant current when the number of carriers is very high. At the metallurgical heterojunction (x = 0), the total current is equal to the sum of the two thermionic emission components. The paper analyses the variation of the direct current of the Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs heterojunction, used as an emitter-base NP junction in heterojunction bipolar transistors, using the Python program.
</abstract>

Study the Emitter-Base Forward Current in Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors Using Python

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In the Industry 4.0 era, predictive maintenance became a crucial element in ensuring the efficiency and reliability of intelligent industrial systems. This paper proposes a critical study on the role and benefits of predictive maintenance in the context of optimizing and enhancing the performance of industrial electrical systems, more specific the on the asynchronous machine, highlighting emerging perspectives and challenges associated with the implementation of this advanced technology. Additionally, it brings to the forefront the latest concepts and solutions in predictive maintenance to provide a more comprehensive and conclusive view at the time of conducting this case study.
</abstract>

Predictive-Adaptive Maintenance Applied for Optimizing the Performance of Industrial Electrical Systems and Equipment

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Fish is a food that has a complex chemical composition with high nutritional value and that is given by the content of protein, lipids, mineral salts and vitamins. It is a very perishable product and failure to comply with food safety conditions can lead to risks to the health of the consumer. The use of heat treatments leads to the formation of compounds that can become toxic to the body. The heat treatments used were boiling, roasting and baking in the oven. These processes bring improvements to the sensory characteristics of the fish. Following the interpretation of the data we can state that roasting is the preferred method of most participants in the tasting of products. The physico-chemical composition and the influence of some heat treatments on the sensory characteristics of the fish were determined.
</abstract>

Physico-Chemical Composition and Influence of Some Heat Treatments on Fish

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In the realm of electrical engineering, standards play a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and reliability of electrical systems. This paper conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) standards, with a particular focus on power quality engineering. Specifically, it focused on key parameters such as the K-factor, the factor K, the Harmonic Loss Factor FHL and the unbalanced factor. By elucidating the differences and similarities between these standards, this study aims to provide insights into their respective impacts on electrical infrastructure, guiding engineering practices, and facilitating global trade. Understanding the regional applicability and industry impact of IEEE, IEC, and CENELEC standards is essential for engineers, manufacturers, and policymakers to navigate the complexities of electrical quality engineering in a diverse and interconnected world.
</abstract>

A Comparative Analysis of European and American Reglementations Used in Power Quality Investigations

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This short review highlights the main sensor structures that are used in the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assisted System) field, in order to outline the progress at this moment (2023). Starting from this achieved level, we have proposed another approach to the ADAS problematics, regarding the prospects for development after the current moment, a different perspective than the one that has AV (Autonomus Vehicle) as its endpoint. Computer Assisted Driving represents a necessary and sufficient solution for increasing traffic safety in the near future. The integrated driver concept in the assisted environment implies a symbiotic human-machine collaboration. This collaboration requires a psychological acceptance of the ADAS system on behalf of humans, as an essential part of the current and future automobile. The progress highlighted by the documentation undertaken allows us to imagine a concept of a symbiotic human-machine system, based on the communication between ADAS and an external computing resource that assists the driver, based on the long analysis of recorded car events. Future automobiles must include an ADAS system that provides a subtle human-machine synapse, based on a series of computerized warnings to the driver generated in a timely manner, resulting from the high predictive capacity of AI-DLM algorithms. The computing speed of the local ADAS algorithms will be supplemented by the external server processing resource, accessed at the right time, to resolve an unexpected deadlock in the car roll.
</abstract>

A short review of the ADAS progress in the last decade and the potential concept of Human-Machine Symbiosis (HMS)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Nowadays, phasor measurement units have many applications in the power network. Fault location using the network’s impedance matrix and phasor measurement units (PMU) is a subject that has been recently brought to the location light. In this research, we review the effect of the increased number of PMUs on the precision of the fault location. The method presented in this study uses the impedance transferring between these units and the fault location based on the fault distance. In the suggested method, the uncertainty on the network’s parameters has been considered and using the least-squares of faults, we can obtain the most optimal response. The advantage of this method is that it is not affected by the fault type and resistance of the short connection. In the end, the suggested method is implemented on the 14 bus distribution network and its performance has been evaluated.</abstract>

Fault Location in Distribution Network Based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> In line with the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC), EU member states have intensified their efforts to increase the share of renewable energy in energy supply. Renewable energy sources will be a challenge for the current district heating concept, requiring system flexibility both in terms of heat supply and heat consumption. Besides, they are hard to accommodate in areas with high population density, as it is the case with many towns and cities. The municipalities will have to identify suitable locations, which in turn will lead to distributed heat supply. The requirement of the 2010/31/EU (EPBD) Directive that all new buildings will have to be nearzero energy buildings will result in buildings fitted with solar collectors; some buildings will produce more energy than they can use. To accommodate all these challenges, the scientists have come up with the new concept of Thermal Smart Grids. The renewable energy will then be shared with the whole district heating grid, and the network will also be used for heat storage when consumption is lower than production. Smart thermal grids are expected to be an integrated part of the future smart energy systems, integrated electricity, gas and thermal grids.</abstract>

UTCB Technical University of Civil Engineering, 122-124 Lacul Tei Blvd, 020396 Bucharest, Romania

ASRO Romanian Association for Standardization, 21-25 Mendeleev Street, 010362 Bucharest,

Smart Thermal Grids – A Review

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Nowadays, many factors lead to selection and utilization of distributed generations (DG) in distributed networks. But more penetration of DG's in network faced with problem due to existence of passive and inactive distribution networks. One of these essential issues is voltage rise due to injection of active power generated by DG's. That in this paper, control strategies for controlling of voltage profile of distribution network and adjustment of increase of DG's penetration is assessed and an optimal strategy for voltage rise with mathematical formulation is presented that will include both local and coordinated control approaches of reactive power generation. Finally, in this paper an implementation plan with smart control tools of DG's is suggested.</abstract>

Voltage Control in Distribution Networks in Presence of Distributed Generators Based on Local and Coordinated Control Structures

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Developing Artificial Intelligence is a labor intensive task. It implies both storage and computational resources. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art service based infrastructure for deploying, managing and serving computational models alongside their respective data-sets and virtual environments. Our architecture uses key-based values to store specific graphs and datasets into memory for fast deployment and model training, furthermore leveraging the need for manual data reduction in the drafting and retraining stages. To develop the platform, we used clustering and orchestration to set up services and containers that allow deployment within seconds. In this article, we cover high performance computing concepts such as swarming, GPU resource management for model implementation in production environments with emphasis on standardized development to reduce integration tasks and performance optimization.</abstract>

Innovative Devops for Artificial Intelligence

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Informational capabilities of microwave and optical tools for environmental monitoring are assessed when they are located on the mobile platforms. This paper presents new approach to the combined use of microwave and optical sensors as basic elements of environmental monitoring system architecture oriented on the registration of information about characteristics of hydrological and hydrochemical objects. Geoecological in-formation-modeling system (GIMS) is proposed as the GIS generalization with regard to the solution of series of the tasks arising in the agriculture, water quality assessment and operational diagnostics of stressful natural processes. Algorithms and models are characterized to be as the GIMS components that realize the decision making procedures providing the monitoring regime optimization and reconstruction of spatial image of the controlled environmental object using anisotropic data fluxes. Functional characteristics of several mobile platforms equipped by microwave radiometers are given as tools for the monitoring of hydrological objects. Two optical instruments are represented and their functions are characterized. </abstract>

INFORMATION-INSTRUMENTAL TOOLS OF MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In this paper is presented the change request management approach of a web-based application which represents an online marketplace for local producers. Nowadays, for all type of businesses, working both offline and online is a must. In digitalization era, the fast development of a compact online marketplace platform involves both a well-established project plan and change management control system.
</abstract>

Marketing Online Using Change Request Management

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The Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty

 Although the beginning of higher education in Targoviste has its roots in the Middle Ages, it became official and institutionalized after 1990, when, on the 1st of June...

 Although the beginning of higher education in Targoviste has its roots in the Middle Ages, it became official and institutionalized after...