<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This paper describes the design and construction of a “balanced cantilever girder” bridge over the Danube-Black Sea channel, characterized by a central span of 155m with two symmetrical side spans of 77.5m. The total length of the bridge, including portions of the abutments support, is 312.0m. The bridge main features, from calculation as well as construction points of view, are in particular the post-tensioning tendons, distributed both a top and bottom sides of the section along the bridge. The former ones play a key role in the construction phase, for the need of counterbalancing selfweight while subsequent segments are realized. Tendons are symmetrical about midspan, with anchors positioned at the end of each segment. Bridge deck is supported by two piers outfitted with friction pendulum seismic bearings, which develop friction both in static conditions to withstand static forces and small displacements, and in dynamic conditions, causing dissipation. Under severe earthquake load all structures (deck and piers) develop only elastic behavior. This papers presents a detailed review of the design process as well as a time journey during construction</abstract>

PH.D. Professor of Structural Engineering, ITALROM Inginerie Internationala

Chief Structural Engineer, ITALROM Inginerie Internationala

Structural Engineer, ITALROM Inginerie Internationala

Balanced Cantilever Girder Bridge Over the Danube-Black Sea Channel

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This document describes a system for static and dynamic monitoring of the structural health of bridges, but not only. The need to develop the system resulted from the difficulties encountered by the authors in installing and operating complex monitoring systems, composed of elements from different manufacturers, with different measurement technologies, power supplies, communication modes and software applications. The described system facilitates the integration of different measurements, sensors, power supplies and communication technologies, in a unitary system that allows both static and dynamic measurements, simultaneously.
</abstract>

Static and Dynamic Structural Health Monitoring System for Bridges

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Road bridges with steel arches are used efficiently for medium and large spans. These solutions show advantages determined by the arches geometry, by the number and distributions of hangers and by the form and type of the arches bracing system. The appearance of the welding as standard connection procedure for steel bridges, for road bridge decks two solutions are mainly used: - the solution with a concrete slab acting together with the stringers and cross beams (the composite solution); - the solution with orthotropic deck (the orthotropic deck consists in a network formed by the continuous longitudinal stiffeners and cross beams connected at the upper part by a steel plate). In this paper a comparative study of the strength and fatigue checks performed on the new road bridge over river Argeşel near Mioveni in Argeş county is presented. The results are obtained using the Romanian standards STAS 1844-75 and SR 1911-1998 and the European norms SR EN 1990, SR EN 1993 and SR EN 1994. The deck was designed with two parallel steel arches, which are sustaining through vertical hangers a concrete slab connected with steel girders at the way level. The aim of the paper is to outcome the safety factors obtained from checks performed on steel hangers using the Romanian standards with respect with those obtained using Eurocodes.</abstract>

Design of the New Arch Bridge at Mioveni

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The process of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation starts by collecting the data which will form the base for evaluation of pavement functional and structural condition. Collection of data can be performed by destructive and non-destructive testing. Usually preferred are the non-destructive methods, that do not damage the pavement, and the process of pavement evaluation is objective and repeatable. Non-destructive testing methods are becoming more and more popular, especially for assessing the structural condition of the pavement. Non-destructive testing by a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and the analysis of so collected data by the process of backcalculations is today the usual tool for assessing pavement bearing capacity. One of the basic input parameters for analysis of the data collected by FWD is pavement layers thickness. The practice in Croatia is to determine pavement layers thickness by coring. This destructive method affects pavement integrity, so the number of such tests should be kept to the minimum. By coring the accurate thickness of all pavement layers is obtained on specific point locations. Thus, numerous deviations in layer thickness remain unnoticed, and in the end, use of such data for the process of backcalculations does not provide ac urate values of layer moduli. Coring can be replaced with non-destructive method of testing by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), which provides continuous information on thickness of all pavement layers. The paper shows the method for assessing the bearing capacity of the pavement based on the data collected by FWD, GPR and coring. The calculation for layer moduli was performed by the ELMOD software, separately for the layers thickness data obtained by coring, and separately for the thickness obtained by GPR tests. Analysis and comparison of the results of calculated elasticity moduli obtained by using various methods for collecting layer thickness data were performed in the paper.</abstract>

MCE, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Transportation

PhD.Prof., MCE, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Transportation

Application of GPR and FWD in Assessing Pavement Bearing Capacity

Monolithic Concrete vs Precast Concrete for the Construction of Bridge by Th Cantilever Method

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The objectives of the study were to measure the efficiency in trade and transport through China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and to ascertain efficiency in trade and economic development through developed transport infrastructures. The present study was conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan. The data was collected from the relevant developing sectors and stakeholders through CPEC including investors of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chamber of Commerce and Peshawar Railway Station track employees. Majority of bi-variate analysis through chi-square test result showed that there was a strong and significant association between the project of CPEC and efficiency in trade and transport in terms of economy. Similarly, a strong and significant association was found between the development of transport routes through CPEC and smooth transportation of goods and services. Furthermore, a strong and significant association was found between CPEC project and improvement in travelling potential. Similarly, a significant association was found between development in transport infrastructure and fastness and reliability in business travelling. In the same way, a significant association was found between CPEC and increase in the geographical size of the labour market. As in the chain, a strong and significant association was found between the development of transport infrastructures through CPEC and increase in labour force productivity along with an increase in the range of choice of individual and firms. This could come true that CPEC as a project would ensure smooth efficiency transportation of trade goods and services in terms of reducing time distance and cost. CPEC as a project should not be only limited to economic activities, rather it should contribute to the overall socio-economic development of the region.</abstract>

Role of CPEC in Development of Trade, Transport and Economy of Pakistan

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The presence of deep excavations or complex structures in urban areas can have an important impact on all involved factors: beneficiary, contractor, designer, consultant, and neighborhood. For an efficient management of the risk factors associated with each project, the monitoring of the parameters associated with each risk mechanism is carried out. Monitoring involves analyzing and identifying risk factors, choosing the ones that should be monitored and those who need to be discarded through technical solutions.
</abstract>

Geotechnical Monitoring - Reducing the Risks Related to the Construction of Infrastructure

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The management of construction equipment on a construction site is particularly important for increasing productivity on construction sites. High productivity has financial implications for the economics of construction projects and leads to reduced energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption in construction machinery has an impact on reducing greenhouse gase emissions. Monitoring construction equipment and optimizing movement trajectories is a challenge on a construction site and is possible in real ti me with drone photogrammetry technology. Using this technology, we can track the construction machines and the progress of the works in real time, and later, by using AI technology, the management of equipment on construction sites can be improved in real time.
</abstract>

Aspects of the use of Drone Photogrammetry in Construction Equipment Management using Artificial Intelligence AI

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This article presents a brief overview of Romania’s road infrastructure and road safety situation in general, and outlines perspectives for reducing the number of lives lost in road crashes by 2030. Romania’s road fatality rate per 100,000 population has improved overall from a 2008 high of around 15 to the current 2020 value of 8,5. However, despite a 30,8% reduction in road deaths during the past decade, Romania’s total annual number of road deaths has remained at an average of around 1890 fatalities per annum over this period, and compared to the EU average of 36,7%, Romania is positioned among the worst performing countries in the European Union (EU) in recent years in terms of road safety. A World Bank road safety management capacity review performed in 2016 found a series of factors to be contributing to this high number of road deaths, such as inadequate political commitment to effective actions to reduce road fatalities, fragmented government road safety activities across a number of regulatory entities, speed limits set at levels that exceed internationally accepted survivable limits, weak traffic law enforcement including a lack of speed enforcement cameras resulting in a failure of drivers to comply with speed limits, and a lack of structured programs to implement human error tolerant road infrastructure constructed according to Safe System principles. A series of recommendations from the capacity review were adopted since 2016, although much remains to improve road safety in Romania, especially in light of the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Goals.
</abstract>

Road Safety for All Road Users – Current Situation and Perspectives for 2030

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Escalators are an important piece of equipment used for vertical transportation of people in buildings. In today’s context, when the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a global challenge, the energetic efficiency of escalators in operation becomes a priority. The research aims to identify possibilities to reduce the energy consumption of this category of equipment. In this respect, we have undertaken a series of tests to establish a correlation between passenger traffic and electrical energy consumption. The tests were carried out for an existing escalator and represent the first step in developing solutions to optimize the operation of such equipment. The energetic efficiency of escalators in operation needs to be customized for each model and involves finding parameters that can be modelled to reduce electrical energy consumption.
</abstract>

Energy Efficiency Aspects Regarding Passengers’ Transportation using Escalators

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In India, urban vehicular traffic is highly heterogeneous; it appears to be extremely challenging to accurately anticipate roundabout capacity. The main objective of this paper is to develop two models which are predicting the capacity of roundabouts in the Indian scenario. One is Weighted Least Square Regression (WLSR), a linear regression is carried out using weights of each data variable while the other one is Self Adaptive Segregative Genetic Algorithm with Simulated Annealing (SASEGASA), which is a combination of Segregative Genetic Algorithm (SEGA) and self-adaptive selection pressure with the application of simulated annealing. The coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (E) for the models like SASEGASA and WLSR were obtained as (0.947, 0.949) and (0.906, 0.905) respectively. Ranking among the proposed models is carried out using a complex phenomenon known as Modified Ranking Index (MRI), where the highest rank generated from five estimates is chosen as the best model for this study. SASEGASA is ranked as the appropriate model to estimate the roundabout capacity as per MRI. As compared to previously used models, SASEGASA model is quite relevant for field application.
</abstract>

Selecting a Suitable Model for Roundabout Entrance Capacity Estimation: A Case Study

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Detection and classification of degradation types is a fundamental activity in road pavement management. Monitoring activities through manual / visual inspections are time consuming, costly and cause safety issues. The introduction of new high-efficiency equipment for the detection and classification of degradation opens a new perspective in the analysis and management of roads. Thus, the automatic monitoring of the road asset introduces new performance indicators and more complex criteria for classifying problems. In this paper, an analysis is presented by referring to examples of measurements in Romania, detection, and classification of the main types of degradation, study, and capabilities of ACD (Automatic Crack Detection). A numerical and experimental study was also conducted to improve the operational optimization of ACD equipment to increase its usability and performance.
</abstract>

Advanced Technologies for Detection and Assessment of Road Degradation State. Experimental and Modeling Approaches

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Very often, pavements constructed in an economical manner or matching surface elevations of adjacent lanes cannot be designed for the soil conditions of the existing subgrade. Therefore, there is a need to stabilize the soil with an appropriate chemical substance in order to increase its strength to a satisfactory level. For the enhancement of subgrade soil strength characteristics, lime and cement are the most commonly used stabilizers. An experimental program was directed to the evaluation of a clayey soil and its mixtures with different cement contents performing tests on the index properties, the moisture-density relation, the unconfined compressive strength, and linear shrinkage. There is a definite improvement in strength. The time interval used to cure the prepared specimens affected positively both strength and plasticity features of the mixtures. A comparison with mixtures of the same soil with lime has been made, because of the wide use of lime in clay soil stabilization projects.</abstract>

The role of curing period on the engineering characteristics of a cement-stabilized soil

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>A current worldwide economy problem includes both the responsible management of the planet's non-renewable resources and the waste management. The benefits of using recyclable materials and recycling technologies with asphalt mixtures consist mainly of reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It is well known that oil (from which bitumen is obtained) is a non-renewable resource, hence the its price increase. Therefore, at present, the world is looking for solutions that will lead to a better use of natural resources and to an economic integration of sub-products from various industries. This paper intends to raise awareness of the possibilities for asphalt mixtures recycling and of the recyclable materials that can be used as additives with benefits of each.</abstract>

Considerations on the Benefits of Using Recyclable Materials for Road Construction

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Environmental protection has become a common issue in every area, but extremely important for the domains which deal with intensive energy consumption as it is the case of the transportation. Achieving the sustainable cities on the other hand, is also focused on the protection of the environment in order to provide a higher quality of life for the population. Therefore it is considered that by improving the urban transportation planning additional benefits could be provided for both the environment and the sustainable development of the cities. One possibility is to supplement the traditionally land-use plans with the transportrelated zones analysis, where the city is divided in public transport, pedestrian and caroriented zones. Analyzing the transport-related zones of a city is important as it provides additional information in the assessment of the development trend. The process of zoning was conducted for the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. In this paper, the outcome of the zoning was analyzed for a more comprehensive review of the urban transport in order to attain a sustainable-oriented approach of the urban area development.</abstract>

Phd student, Assistant professor, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

Phd, Professor, Technical University of Tallinn

Phd, Professor, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

Phd student, Technical University of Tallinn

Sustainable Urban Transport Planning

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Segment videos were produced at different peaks to reflect different sampling criteria like land use characteristics, trails, Ciclocarrils and Ciclovia. Each segment was filmed for 20–40 seconds during bicycle rides at a speed of about 5km/h with a camera strapped, at an angle of 45 degrees, on the head. Curb lane variables such as bicycle pathway widths, curb lane motorised volume (veh/h) and vehicle speed (km/h), bicycle volume on segment, and median width were recorded in addition to secondary data. About 1,360 ratings were acquired from study participants and used in the estimation process. Ordered probability models were used to estimate random parameters of cyclists LOS perception to account for unobserved heterogeneity for all respondents. The deviance (1.085) and Pearson Chi-Square (2.309) with 1,635 degree of freedom at 0.05 level of significance shows that our model provides a better fit of the data. The study observed that BLOS was strongly influenced by side path separation, vehicle speed, motorised traffic volume and conflicts with pedestrians. However, many other factors were found to have high probabilities to influence level of service with unit change. They include bicycle lane width, wide outside lane, pavement conditions, trees and benches, daylight, gender and experience of cyclist. The impact of the variety of observed factors affecting bicyclists reveal the nature and character of urban transportation in Bogota which suggests a range of important trade-offs in further planning and management of the Cicloruta bicycle paths.</abstract>

Bicycle Level of Service Model for the Cycloruta, Bogota, Colombia

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