<DIV align=justify> Why subscribe and read <UL> <LI>Published continuously since 1968; </LI> <LI>Presents recent developments in English linguistics (in particular historical and applied) and literary studies; </LI> <LI>Papers by top specialists from all over the world; </LI></UL> </P Rejection Rate <UL> <LI>65% </LI></UL> <A>Similarity Check Plagiarism Screening System</A> The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. Detailed description of the Similarity Check System can be found at: <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/</A> </DIV>

The Journal of Adam Mickiewicz University

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Stance Marking and Register in Middle English Charms</title>This paper explores the expression of stance in a corpus of Middle English charms of the fifteenth century. All the charms have a healing function, and they are used whenever standard herbal remedies are ineffective. The sources from where the texts have been taken are various, all of them from edited printed material. The study of language use and the expression of personal attitude and evaluation have been studied earlier, both synchronically (Chafe 1986; Hunston 1994) and diachronically (Kytö 1991; Salager-Meyer - Defyves 1998). However, to my knowledge, the medieval English charm has not been the object of any previous account. This study of stance in charms has implications for language register, and shows both the relationship of the authors and their texts, and the authors and their audience.</abstract>

Stance Marking and Register in Middle English Charms

<article-title>Stance Marking and Register in Middle English Charms</article-title>

{"article-title":"Stance Marking and Register in Middle English Charms"}

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>"The Dread of Something After Death" - The Relationship Between Shakespeare's <italic>Hamlet</italic> and Some Medieval Dream Visions and Ghost Stories</title>The present article tries to answer the question whether it is possible to think of William Shakespeare's <italic>Hamlet</italic> as a dream vision in which the Ghost plays the role analogous to the Dreamer's supernatural guide, which is the situation we meet with in medieval dream visions, such as Chaucer's <italic>The book of the Duchess</italic>, or <italic>The Pearl</italic>. It seems that such an interpretation is possible, even though it should be approached cautiously because medieval ghosts and dead souls, and other supernatural phenomena, not only in dream visions, usually function as a means to solve, or at least alleviate, a crisis, whereas in <italic>Hamlet</italic> the Ghost comes rather to exacerbate it, and make it more tragical. To prove this point, the author makes comparisons not only between <italic>Hamlet</italic> and dream visions, but also some medieval ghost stories, and the thirteenth century romance <italic>Havelok the Dane</italic>, which is based on a narrative pattern not very different from that of <italic>Hamlet</italic>. Another problem examined in this article is that of the extent to which we can talk of the motif of reduplication and monstrous double as a leitmotif in <italic>Hamlet</italic>, and also in some of its analogues. Some comments and ideas by Frank Kermode and Harold Bloom are made use of in this context.</abstract>

"The Dread of Something After Death" - The Relationship Between Shakespeare's  and Some Medieval Dream Visions and Ghost Stories

<article-title>"The Dread of Something After Death" - The Relationship Between Shakespeare's <italic>Hamlet</italic> and Some Medieval Dream Visions and Ghost Stories</article-title>

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>On Adjectival Connotations</title>Connotations are elusive semantic elements. Although they are often specific to individual speakers, many of them are sufficiently general to serve as general communicative elements. The paper suggests a device by means of which adjectival connotations, whether of the individual or the general type, can be pinpointed. The device is simply the sequence "ADJ1 but not ADJ2", where ADJ2 is seen to enrich the connotational semantics of ADJ1. Thus for example the use of a phrase like <italic>desirable but not essential</italic> may indicate that <italic>desirable</italic> normally contains an element of <italic>essential</italic>, though perhaps not in the situation where it is used. It is pointed out that ADJ2 often represents an intensification of the semantic content of ADJ1.</abstract>

On Adjectival Connotations

<article-title>On Adjectival Connotations</article-title>

{"article-title":"On Adjectival Connotations"}

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Lexical Classes and the Conative Construction in Old English</title>This paper is concerned with the description of the event structure and the meaning components that motivate the realization of the conative construction within some canonical Old English verb classes. In the same line as the latest proposals framed within the Lexical Constructional Model, this kind of description is intended to evidence the essential role of semantic features that are not necessarily realized in the syntax and thus help elucidate and comprehend lexical-constructional processes. Besides, this work seeks to establish adequate criteria to identify the conative construction and provides insights into the distribution of diathetic alternations associated to the conative construction in Old English.</abstract>

Lexical Classes and the Conative Construction in Old English

<article-title>Lexical Classes and the Conative Construction in Old English</article-title>

{"article-title":"Lexical Classes and the Conative Construction in Old English"}

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Reconsidering the Role of Syntactic "Heaviness" in Old English Split Coordination</title>The splitting of coordinate structures in Old English has traditionally been attributed to structural size or "heaviness", assuming that long, complex coordinate constructions required increased parsing and processing effort. In addition to this, most texts on Old English syntax take for granted that the split elements always appear in clause-final position. The conclusions in this paper - drawn from the analysis of a large corpus of Old English texts - imply a radical revision of these assumptions. They suggest that the role of syntactic heaviness should be reconsidered, and its importance minimised in favour of other considerations of a pragmatic and discoursive nature. The analysis of the position of the split elements confirms that they appear in non-final position much more often than has been assumed, producing syntactic discontinuity.</abstract>

Reconsidering the Role of Syntactic "Heaviness" in Old English Split Coordination

<article-title>Reconsidering the Role of Syntactic "Heaviness" in Old English Split Coordination</article-title>

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>The Pedagogic Grammarian's Dilemma: Modality and Personality in Grammatical Description</title>This paper investigates an issue that I call the "pedagogic grammarian's dilemma": the choice facing writers of pedagogic grammars between being specific about grammar and risking being wrong, or hedging and risking being vague, as formulated by Henry Widdowson (1997). Using two corpora of grammatical description, it examines how a number of exponents of modality are used to hedge and finds firstly that they are far more common than in ordinary text. More importantly there is a link between the use of such modality and the approach to personality chosen in the grammars: hedging is more common when the more friendly <italic>YOU</italic> is used to address users than when <italic>WE</italic> is used; this suggests an interpersonal (as well as epistemic) motivation for the hedging. Overall the response of the grammars studied to the pedagogic grammarian's dilemma is to hedge, in order, it seems, to avoid being prescriptive.</abstract>

The Pedagogic Grammarian's Dilemma: Modality and Personality in Grammatical Description

<article-title>The Pedagogic Grammarian's Dilemma: Modality and Personality in Grammatical Description</article-title>

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Heaven, Hell and <italic>Middangeard</italic>: The Presentation of the Universe in the Old English <italic>Genesis A</italic></title>Since the times of Antiquity, people have looked up to the sky and developed various conceptions of Heaven and Hell. Already in the ancient Egypt people developed the tripartite conception of universe with earth placed between the Heaven inhabited by gods above and Hell below. The Old English poetic text of <italic>Genesis</italic> (MS Junius 11; compilation dated to the 10th century) presents the earthly paradise, Hell and <italic>Middangeard</italic> (or the middle earth). Both <italic>Genesis A</italic> and <italic>B</italic> that comprise the poem indeed show a single and consistent descriptions of cosmos. The overt consistency may well seem as interesting as the tradition that the poem draws upon as well as distorts. The universe found in the poem is a fusion of the Christian religious learning as well as Germanic tradition. The idea that marries Heaven, earth and Hell in the poetic sequence of OE <italic>Genesis</italic> is the concept of hall and anti-hall, city and anti-city. The aim of the following paper is to investigate the modes of this presentation of these parts of the universe by the analysis of the clusters of meaning that are associated with hall and city.</abstract>

Heaven, Hell and : The Presentation of the Universe in the Old English 

<article-title>Heaven, Hell and <italic>Middangeard</italic>: The Presentation of the Universe in the Old English <italic>Genesis A</italic></article-title>

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Review</title></abstract>

Review

<article-title>Review</article-title>

{"article-title":"Review"}

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>"Of Medicineз Sedatyueз": Some Notes on Adjective Position and Oral Register in Middle English Medical Texts</title>The position of adjectives in the English Noun Phrase is regarded as something quite fixed and pertaining to the level of syntax rather than to any other. In previous studies (Moskowich 2002; Moskowich - Crespo 2002; Lareo - Moskowich 2009), it has been shown, however, that there seem to be some other extra-syntactic variables at stake determining word-order patterns.This paper aims at analysing the word-order patterns of adjectives in the emerging scientific writing in the Middle Ages, particularly in medical texts written in English. To this end, several texts contained in <italic>MEMT</italic> (<italic>Middle English Medical Texts</italic>) will be analysed. As a first approach, samples belonging to the three different traditions included in the Corpus will be considered. This examination of samples from a surgical text, a specialised one and a remedy book will also help obtain some conclusions regarding the evolution in the use of the so called French-type adjectives in the language.</abstract>

"Of Medicineз Sedatyueз": Some Notes on Adjective Position and Oral Register in Middle English Medical Texts

<article-title>"Of Medicineз Sedatyueз": Some Notes on Adjective Position and Oral Register in Middle English Medical Texts</article-title>

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>The Grammatical Status of <italic>The Same</italic></title>The same, consisting of two words (or of clinic-plus-word), functions as a single grammatical item. Basically, it belongs to the determiner slot in phrase structure (together with articles, demonstratives and possessors). Like demonstratives, it may function as a substitution anaphor. But the same also shares some properties with adjectives — it can make up a complete copula complement, it may be the first element of a reduced relative clause, it may be followed by a preposition plus NP, and it has limited function as an adverb.</abstract>

The Grammatical Status of 

<article-title>The Grammatical Status of <italic>The Same</italic></article-title>

{"article-title":{"italic":"The Same","content":"The Grammatical Status of"}}

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>The Grammaticalization of <italic>Down</italic></title>The present paper discusses the grammaticalization of down, focusing on when the process began and how it developed. The ultimate origin of down, both the adverb and the preposition, should be traced back to OE dūn ‘hill, mountain’, whose frequency of occurrence in Old English is comparable to those of beorg and munt. By means of grammaticalization the noun dūn came to function as an adverb meaning ‘in a descending direction; from above, or towards that which is below; from a higher to lower place or position’ already in Late Old English. The adverbial meaning of dūn is derived from OE of dūne ‘off the hill or height’ (glossing L de monte). The expression of dūne gave rise to the adverb adūne which was aphetized to dūn (doun, down) at the beginning of the twelfth century. By analysing the textual evidence, the present investigation is an attempt at verifying this date.</abstract>

The Grammaticalization of 

Społeczna Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Zarządzania, Warsaw

<article-title>The Grammaticalization of <italic>Down</italic></article-title>

{"article-title":{"italic":"Down","content":"The Grammaticalization of"}}

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>[Un]Succesful "Metabolization" of the Northern Irish War: The Post-Troubles Trauma in Glenn Patterson's Writing</title>Northern Irish literature of the last decade illustrates an arduous effort of the Ulster men to break down the walls of political and cultural partition. Yet, even though the Northern Irish community tends to present itself in terms of a variety of images, the ultimate impression is that the recent novelistic and critical productions resonate with past antagonisms and the post-Troubles trauma. It is so since the North, as many a scholar indicates, is as if fated to continually recompose its past. This paper then, set against the background of the civil war experiences, discusses Glenn Patterson's excavation of individual and collective memories which prove that <italic>the dead</italic> are constantly materializing in today's Northern Irish reality. Hence, Glenn Patterson's accumulation of voices by means of which the author ponders over the politics of memory and imparts knowledge of the characters who, on a long journey out of the darkness into the space of light, find some vestiges of the old conflicts still echoing and rather difficult to hush up.</abstract>

[Un]Succesful "Metabolization" of the Northern Irish War: The Post-Troubles Trauma in Glenn Patterson's Writing

<article-title>[Un]Succesful "Metabolization" of the Northern Irish War: The Post-Troubles Trauma in Glenn Patterson's Writing</article-title>

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Editor-in-chief: Marcin Krygier Literary editor: Liliana Sikorska Review editors: Literature: Urszula Kizelbach, Linguistics: Justyna Rogos, Paulina Zagórska Statistics editor: Waldemar Wołyński Language editor: Anthony Ash, Christopher Whyatt Advisory board: Arleta Adamska-Sałaciak (Poznań) Alexandra Assis Rosa (Lisbon) Eleanor Bell (Glasgow) Artur Blaim (Gdańsk) Mirosława Buchholtz (Toruń) Suresh Canagarajah (Pennsylvania) Anna Cieślicka (Laredo) Jonathan Culpeper (Lancaster) Jan Čermák (Prague) Stefan Dollinger (Vancouver) Jerzy Durczak (Lublin) Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (Poznań) Małgorzata Fabiszak (Poznań/Vienna) Anne Fogarty (Dublin) Dylan Glynn (Paris) Isabel Karremann (Würzburg) Joanna Kopaczyk (Poznań) Wiesław Krajka (Lublin) Krystyna Kujawińska-Courtney (Łódź) Elizabeth Kukorelly-Leverington (Geneva) Merja Kytö (Uppsala) Robert Mailhammer (Western Sydney) D. Gary Miller (Florida) Rafał Molencki (Katowice) Marisol Morales Ladron (Madrid) Terttu Nevalainen (Helsinki) Ansgar Nünning (Giessen) Michiko Ogura (Keio) Hans Sauer (Munich) Paweł Scheffler (Poznań) György E. Szönyi (Szeged) Jacob Thaisen (Stavanger) Graeme Trousdale (Edinburgh) Jerzy Wełna (Warsaw) Andrzej Wicher (Łódź) Władysław Witalisz (Cracow) Jacek Witkoś (Poznań) Michaela Wolf (Graz) Laura Wright (Cambridge) Contact Professor Marcin Krygier, Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University al. Niepodleglosci 4, 61-874 Poznan, Poland; <A href="mailto:mkrygier@wa.amu.edu.pl">mkrygier@wa.amu.edu.pl</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

<DIV align=justify> All submissions must be made via online submission system Editorial Manager: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/stap">www.editorialmanager.com/stap</A> In case of any technical problems, please contact us at: <A href="mailto:sap@wa.amu.edu.pl">sap@wa.amu.edu.pl</A>　 Review process The turnaround for a manuscript should in normal circumstances take no more than eight weeks. All submissions are first reviewed by the editorial board for compliance with the profile of the journal and then subjected to double-blind peer-review by external reviewers.</DIV>

<DIV align=justify> <UL> <LI>An international review of English studies published by the Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland,</LI> <LI>Carries original articles on English linguistics and literature as well as book reviews,</LI> <LI>The language of the journal is English.</LI></UL> </DIV>

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Volume 45 (2009): Issue 1 (January 2009)

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