<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In Poland, the Kestrel is an uncommon bird during the winter time. It rarely winters in the eastern part of the country; however, the reported numbers of regular wintering cases increase towards the south-west. The aims of this study were: to analyse the wintering area of Kestrels nesting in Poland, to compare distances covered by the birds migrating for the first time in their life to their movements in the following years, and to determine the origin of Kestrels wintering in Poland. The material for the analysis comprised 171 recoveries of the birds ringed in Poland or recorded in Poland but ringed abroad within the years 1931-2001. Out of 48 adult Kestrels ringed or recovered during both migration periods (autumn and spring), the great majority were recorded in Poland; only 2 birds were found as adult ones in France and 1 in Ukraine. We obtained 32 recoveries of Kestrels ringed in Poland as chicks or as individuals in their first year of life and recorded again during their first migration season (autumn-spring). Five of them were recorded outside the country. In Poland, there were reported 94 Kestrels that had been ringed abroad. Those birds came from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Denmark, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Ukraine. These data show that mainly Kestrels nesting in the north of the continent migrate across Poland and some of them winter here as well. A great majority of recoveries referred to Kestrels ringed in Finland. These birds also came to Poland from Germany and from the areas located to the south-west of Poland.</abstract>

PTOP "Salamandra", Szamarzewskiego 11/6, PL-60-514 Poznań, Poland

Museum and Insitute of Zoology PAS, Wilcza 64, PL-00-679 Warszawa, Poland

Migrations and Wintering of the Kestrel (<italic>Falco tinnunculus</italic>) in Poland

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">We analyse in our paper the autumn migration of five warblers: <italic>i.e.</italic> the Reed Warbler (<italic>Acrocephalus scirpaceus</italic>), Sedge Warbler (<italic>A. schoenobaenus</italic>), Marsh Warbler (<italic>A. palustris</italic>), Great Reed Warbler (<italic>A. arundinaceus</italic>) and Aquatic Warbler (<italic>A. paludicola</italic>), through the Polish Baltic coast. Data were collected in 1962-2005 at two stations: Bukowo-Kopań and Mierzeja Wiślana, as well as (for a comparison) at the Drużno station in 1990-2002 and 2003-2005. The most numerous species caught at all the stations was the Reed Warbler, whereas the Aquatic Warbler was caught only sporadically. Long-term number dynamics from Bukowo-Kopań and Mierzeja Wiślana showed considerable fluctuations for the first four species, which could have been influenced by weather or habitat changes, or they could have reflected long-term population cycles. Strong correlations between the numbers of species preferring reeds might indicate habitat basis of the fluctuations. Seasonal migration dynamics were also similar, with the peak of migration in mid-August. However, the dynamics from Drużno suggested that the real peak of migration occurred earlier. Median dates of the Reed Warbler migration at Bukowo-Kopań showed marked fluctuations, whereas at Mierzeja Wiślana they were delayed significantly; these changes were probably connected with climate changes.</abstract>

Dynamics of Autumn Migration of the <italic>Acrocephalus</italic> Warblers Through the Polish Baltic Coast

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The holistic approach to the study of bird migration observed in the past decades and the huge advancement in technology should be seen in the numbers and types of methods used in field studies for this phenomenon. To check this assumption, we compared field methods used in the studies on bird migration published in international journals in 1994-2003 (<italic>N</italic> = 570 papers) and in 1967-1976 (<italic>N</italic> = 394 papers). We noted an increase in the mean number of methods per a single paper (from 1.49 in the former of these decades to 1.98 in the latter) and a change in the frequency of each method. In recent years, methods such as satellite telemetry, DNA or isotope proportions analyses have been developed. An increase in the mean number of methods as well as changes of the most frequently used methods were more apparent in journals indexed on the ISI Master Journal List in 2003 than in other current journals, where the methods were often found to be similar to those applied a quarter century earlier, which surprised us.</abstract>

Any change in the Methodology of field studies on bird Migration? A comparison of methods used in 1994-2003 and a Quarter Century earlier

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">So far the expansion of the Blackcap wintering range could not have been confirmed based on the analysis of ringing recovery data. The aims of this work was to define present boundaries of regular wintering area of the Blackcap in Europe and to find out whether the wintering range of the species has expanded over the last decades. A comparison of the Blackcap return rate in different parts of wintering area in subsequent winters was based on the probability distribution analysis. Dates of the Blackcap recoveries in different areas were also compared. Changes in number of winter recoveries from Great Britain as well as from regions to the north and south of the delimited northern boundary of the species regular wintering area were analysed as well.Blackcaps ringed in winter in Scandinavia did not return to this area in the following winters. Percent share of such individuals in Central-Western Europe was low. Birds were recorded in these regions mainly at the beginning of winter. The Blackcap return rate both in Great Britain and in southern Europe was very high; birds were observed there throughout the whole winter. Over the last decades of the XXth century the numbers of winter recoveries grew to a similar extent in the areas located to the north and south of the northern boundary of the Blackcap regular wintering area. Only in Great Britain this increase was faster. Based on the ringing recovery data analysis it can only be concluded that the regular wintering area of the Blackcap in Europe is most probably limited to the territories of the Mediterranean Sea basin. Most winter recoveries from other parts of Europe are probably only unsuccessful wintering attempts.</abstract>

Wintering Range of the Blackcap (<italic>Sylvia atricapilla</italic>) in Europe - Stabilized or Changing?

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The aim of this paper is to review information on systematic position, distribution ranges, habitat requirements, morphology, and ecology of the leaf warblers (<italic>Phylloscopus spp.</italic>). Closely related species of this group present different migration strategies. Exhibiting many inter-specific similarities in morphology and ecological requirements, leaf warblers reveal high intra-specific variability. The morphological differentiation of individual species, subspecies, populations, and age-sex groups, affords considerable possibilities for migration studies, especially those concerning the basis of migration strategy. Leaf warblers make a group of model species, being a good subject for ecological studies. The knowledge of their migration strategies may be a good reference point for understanding a general pattern of the migration of European passerines.</abstract>

Leaf Warblers (<italic>Phylloscopus spp</italic>.) As a Model Group in Migration Ecology Studies

<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">On 12-15 September 2004 we conducted a count of birds on a 68 km section of the Upper Euphrates, from the Atatürk dam to the town of Halfeti. Altogether 291 individuals from 30 waterbird species were noted, their density was 42.8 indiv. / 10 km. Differentiation in numbers among particular trophic and morpho-ecological groups was significant. Within the trophic groups the phytophagous and ichthyophagous species were the most abundant. The most numerous within the morpho-ecological groups were the swimmers and flight feeders. Despite the lack of appropriate foraging places for some waterbird species, this part of the Euphrates plays an important role for autumn migration in this region. In comparison with other large Western Palearctic rivers, the Upper Euphrates showed low densities of birds and low species similarity.</abstract>

Dept. of Ecology and Nature Protection, Univ. of Podlasie, Prusa 12, PL-08-110 Siedlce, Poland

Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Podlasie, Prusa 12, PL-08-110 Siedlce, Poland

Observations of Waterbirds on the Upper Euphrates During Autumn Migration

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The Ring

 The on-line version of the journal is a primary one to the printed edition. The Ring is an international journal dealing with problems of bird ringing, migration and monitoring bird numbers. The main fields of interest are original papers, review articles and methodical discussions. Information, progress reports, personal comments and short notes or news are also accepted to the informative columns of the journal. Although papers are refereed, conclusions, opinions and discussion are published on the author's responsibility. Innovative and even controversial ideas are appreciated.  Why subscribe and read  Excellent source of high quality research on bird migration; original articles on:   migration strategies (long jumps vs. short jumps; stopover ecology; fattening strategy; obligatory vs. partial migration, etc.);  migratory patterns (breeding/wintering areas and flyways; migration dynamics and phenology, distances and migration speed, etc.);  populational differentiation of migrating birds (incl. mechanisms isolating different populations, morphological differentiation and morphometrics studies, etc.);  long-term monitoring of migratory bird populations.   Why submit   transparent, comprehensive and fast peer review,  innovative ideas are appreciated.   Rejection Rate   About 10%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

The Ring

Volume 31 (2009): Issue 2 (December 2009)

Migrations and Wintering of the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in Poland

Dynamics of Autumn Migration of the Acrocephalus Warblers Through the Polish Baltic Coast

Any change in the Methodology of field studies on bird Migration? A comparison of methods used in 1994-2003 and a Quarter Century earlier

Wintering Range of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) in Europe - Stabilized or Changing?

Leaf Warblers (Phylloscopus spp.) As a Model Group in Migration Ecology Studies

Observations of Waterbirds on the Upper Euphrates During Autumn Migration

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