Volumen 27 (2020): Heft 2 (June 2020)

Introduction. Whereas changing roles and environments in sport industry create a need for the continued professional development of sport managers, there is a clear knowledge gap about the latter phenomenon. Therefore, the study aims to explore the sport managers’ motivations for a continuing professional education experience and the outcomes of such an experience for their careers and the development of their organisations.

Material and methods. Because of its exploratory nature, the study is based on the qualitative analysis of semi structured interviews with sport managers who have participated in one of the Polish editions of the UEFA Certificate in Football Management programme.

Results. Sport managers share multiple extrinsic motivations (mainly of professional development and networking in football environment). In terms of the benefits for the managers’ careers, there is an improvement in their career capital (mainly through the development in football specific knowing-how and knowing-whom), whereas the effects on career success are predominately subjective (improved perceived marketability). The benefits for the sport organisations are very heterogeneous, which results from substantial differences, mainly in learning culture and supervisor’s support, among the organisations.

Conclusions. The main contribution of the study is the exploration of the football and sport specific context of continuing professional education. The research offers some practical implications for stakeholders interested in fostering professionalization of sport industry.

Introduction. Existing research on football economics mostly focuses on some key performance indicators’ influence on the profitability of clubs. This assumption is a bit misleading in the context of football business models which deliver various benefits other than profits to its stakeholders. In this research, the opposite question was asked: what can determine the intangible value delivered by a football business? This is asked in light of the fact that most of the value created by the football industry belongs to the category of intellectual capital.

Material and Methods. The study was based on the financial data of 33 European football clubs. Basic statistical analysis was carried out and regression analysis of chosen drivers influencing intellectual capital of football clubs in Europe was performed.

Results. Three of the four assumed hypotheses were not confirmed: higher value of intellectual capital is correlated with higher profitability, higher values of IC efficiency (VAIC) are associated with higher levels of player value and values of IC efficiency (VAIC) are significantly associated with levels of sports performance. Just one hypothesis was confirmed that values of IC efficiency (VAIC) are significantly associated with salary efficiency (S/R). Additionally, the study revealed that there are two important factors influencing the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC): debt and salaries.

Conclusions. If we assume that VAIC is the goal of the managers, then the only two drivers which are significant for this value are salary ratio and leverage ratio. Moreover, we know that profit orientation of the football business in Europe is not the key goal in order to develop intangible values for the stakeholders.

Introduction. The attractiveness and quality of spending free time are becoming more and more important. Its crucial elements are recreation and culture which contribute to the development of interests and personality, an increase in physical activity, the discharge of nervous tension and the prevention of lifestyle diseases. The use of recreation and culture depends on many factors. For the authors, it is particularly interesting to check the level and structure of spending on recreation and tourism in relation to age. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to compare the spending on recreation and culture in two groups of households. The first concerned households where the head of the household was at most 35 years old, while the other group included households of the elderly.

Material and methods. The analysis of household expenditure in 2018 on recreation and culture, including organized tourism, was based on a set of unitary unidentifiable data on household budgets, which were made available by the Central Statistical Office for a fee. The basic descriptive parameters of the structure analysis and a power-exponential econometric model were used in the research.

Results. The financial situation of the household has the greatest impact on the formation of expenditure related to free time, regardless of the age of the household head. The number of people in the household is also important, which is particularly evident in the case of young households, but it is also important in 60+ households, as they are more willing to enjoy recreation and culture in the company of other people of the household. The education of the head of the household significantly affects spending on recreation and culture only among 60+ households.

Conclusion. The results of the research presented in this article prove that the level of expenditure on recreation and culture depends on socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, income, place of residence, etc.

Introduction. In the context of strategic entrepreneurship, the problem of corporate strategy is of special importance in the organizations of the active leisure industry. Active leisure activities are entrepreneurial processes in which innovation and change are key elements in exploiting an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage. The aim of the article is to present the concept of strategic entrepreneurship as one of the key factors of the development of active leisure organizations.

Material and Methods. The study is theoretical and methodologically based on a review of literature in the field of strategic entrepreneurship and active leisure industry as well as a review of selected empirical studies.

Results. The individual parts of the study present the importance of the active leisure industry in the market economy, the specificity of sports enterprises and the concept of strategic entrepreneurship resulting from the theoretical foundations presented.

Conclusions. The conclusions are based on the literature of the subject and examples of active leisure industry organizations operating in the commercial area. The dynamically developing sports market may be one of those areas of the economy that give an opportunity to examine how strategic entrepreneurship shapes and develops organizations through innovation, proactivity and competitive advantage.

Introduction. Wine tourism is an important element of two industries – viticulture and tourism. For the tourism industry, wine is a significant factor of the tour attractiveness, a motive for a special trip. The goals and methods of wine tourism fully correspond to the social and humanitarian mission of tourism as an important factor in the dialogue of cultures, respect for universal cultural values, and tolerance towards the way of life, worldview and traditions of other peoples.

Materials and methods. The paper uses a point method for evaluating certain parameters of wine tourism facility attractiveness. According to the defined list, the marketing research with a survey of 22 participants of the Chervene Vyno Festival was conducted in Mukachevo (Ukraine) in 2020 and sources of information regarding three wineries were analysed.

Results. The evaluation of wine tourism facilities under examination took into account three components of attractiveness: tourist resources, infrastructure and communication accessibility. The methodological basis of the research consists of ten criteria that were evaluated on a scale from 1 to 5 points. The defined criteria form the discussion basis for the needs of improving and modifying the evaluation procedure.

Conclusions. The proposed methodology allows evaluating wine tourism facility attractiveness and identifying the leaders of this market. The results of this study can be verified by conducting marketing surveys of tourists and standardized reports with winemakers. Beyond subjectivism in determining the evaluation criteria, the obtained results show the actual offer condition and the adaptation of wine tourism facilities to the service of tourists.

Introduction. City tourism is one of the most frequently chosen forms of tourism consisting of many motives for doing it. On the modern tourist market, there are many negative phenomena that significantly affect the functioning of urban tourist destinations but primarily have an impact on the decisions of potential tourists about choosing cities as a tourist destination. These phenomena pose a threat to the development of both cities and tourism. They are conditioned by endogenous factors, which result from the functioning of the city, and exogenous ones, i.e. those related to socio-economic relations of the city with the environment, including tourist traffic. Cities, as a destination or transit tourist destination, are characterized by high concentration of tourist traffic; hence, the negative phenomena often affect urban tourist space with great intensity. The aim of the study is to present the author’s concept of sustainable urban tourism policy assumptions. After presenting the concept of sustainable urban tourism development policy, the following issues will be discussed: basics of tourism policy, urban tourism, sustainable tourism, classification of threats related to the sustainable development of urban tourism.

Material and methods. The study is of theoretical and conceptual nature. The following research methods will be used: critical analysis of the literature and methods of logical operations.

Results. The effect of the considerations is to propose the assumptions of the concept of sustainable urban tourism development policy.

Conclusions. The most important problems related to the functioning of sustainable tourism were indicated, taking into account the impact of tourism on the natural environment and on overtourism.