Volumen 20 (2018): Heft 1 (December 2018)

The specificity of construction as an economic activity and of the construction product (goods and services) determine the existence of a complex vertical chain of links, involving different actors, which they perform simultaneously the function of the buyer of the product from a previous participant and vendor product to the next participant. In practice, this means that in every unit of the vertical chain construction firm as a buyer of resources and services can be monopsony or oligopsony, on the other hand as the seller of the created product may be in the role of a monopoly or oligopoly on the market. The aim of the study is the analysis the model of a bilateral monopoly on the resource and product market, the conditions of equilibrium and the behavior of the construction firm at the entrance and the exit, taking into account the specificities of different segments of the construction market.

On the construction market the participants tend to work in the short term and are limited rational using the accumulated knowledge and experience in their practice. In addition, it is characterized by a low level of inter-company connections, i.e. the same team seldom works together more than one project, resulting in a fragmentation of responsibility. The complex relationships between the firms involved in the vertical chain of value creation in construction objectively impose the need for their improvement and more efficient management. The aim of the study is the analysis the possibilities of creating a relatively stable relationship and a joint approach of clients, contractors and subcontractors by deepening the specialization and differentiation of each intermediate product, improving the quality of the final product, optimizing the costs, creating a higher additional value at each stage of the chain and ensuring economic, social and environmental performance of construction.

Over time, the content, scope and objectives of hydrological research in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area varied according to the state of society development, technology development and financial resources. Along with the activities of capitalizing on natural resources, water use, river and sea navigation, there have been demands for knowledge of the water regime and the interaction between the resource potential and the characteristics of the hydrological regime. As a result, hydrographic and hydrological research was started and developed in the Black Sea coastal zone. These researches developed in the first half of the nineteenth century, and then continued throughout this century and later in the twentieth century, with interruptions caused by the two world wars. Among the important activities that have taken place over time, there have been hydro-technical works. The design and elaboration of the projects of these works were based on the knowledge of the hydrographic and hydrological characteristics of the Black Sea coastal zone. This knowledge has evolved over time so that there is currently an important pool of data and information related to the hydrological, morphological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological characteristics of the water bodies mentioned.

The paper presents briefly the most important moments of the history of the monitoring activity carried out over time in the Black Sea coastal zone, the types of coastal and transitional waters in Romania, coastal rehabilitation projects of the Black Sea, hydrological features, the structure of the marine complex model pom / ersem III) BREG / BSHELF.

A building energy model is a simulation tool which calculates the thermal loads and energy use in buildings. Building energy models provide valuable insight into energy use in buildings based on architecture, materials and thermal loads. In addition, building energy models also must account for the effects of the building’s occupants in terms of energy use. In this paper we discuss building energy models and their accuracy in predicting energy use. In particular, we focus on two types of validation methods which have been used to investigate the accuracy of building energy models and on how they account for their effects on occupants. The analyzed building is P + M located in the climatic zone 4, Sânpetru / Braşov. We have carried out a detailed and exemplary energy needs analysis using two methods of analysis.

The purpose of this article is analysing the variability of Buzau river monthly mean discharges, maximum and minimum over time and the impact of Siriu Dam on these discharges. Keeping a stable, moderate variability on the water flow has a significant importance, as this assures normality of life and functionality of the dams. On another hand, the dams are in-built with a range of parameters, decided according to this variability of the discharges. The used data has been collected from Nehoiu and Basca Roziliei hydrometric stations and spans on 55 years, from 1st January 1955 to 31st December 2010. Mid-period, on 30th September 1984, Siriu Dam started operating and the results reveal that its impact on the variability has been moderate on a large time scale. Important changes appear on smaller time scale, as months. The results are supported by graphs drawn in Excel and methods embedded by software.

This paper includes an analysis of the biological treatment process existing within the water supply and sewerage of Iași City. The main objective of biological treatment is the removal of solid organic substances from wastewater, the stabilization of sludge, the reduction of nutrients loads etc. The Iași City Wastewater Treatment Plant was developed in several stages since year 1968. Nowadays, the facility operates at a design flow rate of 4 m³/s during dry weather and 8 m³/s during heavy rainfalls. This study is focused on the following aspects: wastewater treatment plant’s diagram, the wastewater parameters inside the treatment plant, the biological treatment process analysis and a few conclusions.

In the summary published at the international conference WATER 2018, entitled “Modern concepts for constructive solutions in Dobrogea” [11], the authors briefly referred to the theoretical considerations and the case study on the concept of a “passive house” in the Dobrogea region - Romania, Constanta county, more precisely in the Mangalia area. In this article we will present this subject in great detail.

The theme of the paper is to design the capacity of a P + 6E construction with reinforced concrete frame structure and determination of the basic force-displacement on the top. Drawing the cutting force - the displacement at the top requires a non-linear bias of the pushover type.

The non-linear static calculation is used in the displacement-based design methodology, in which lateral displacements are considered the main parameter for characterizing the seismic response of the structures.

The energy transformations involved in the operation of the pumping installations are carried out by pumping aggregates consisting of an electric motor and a pump. In order to provide a full adaptation to the users’ variable demands, variable speed motor driven pumps are used on networks (such motors being equipped with frequency converters). The paper presents a method for determining the global efficiency of a frequency converter-asynchronous motor-pump group. The method has been implemented at the Chiriţa Pumping Station, main facility within the Iasi City water supply system.

The problem of housing is one of the most important problems in Iraq, especially with the increase in the rate of population growth which is one of the highest rates in the world and after the great destruction that happened in Iraq because of wars and terrorist acts, and here begins to think about the real solutions of this crisis using modern technology and taking into account the feasibility of using modern construction materials compared to the traditional method of construction.

Investors are seriously considering changing the traditional building style and transition to modern building materials to increase quality, win a time, ease of installation and achieve dimensional consistency with ease of internal and external finishing work. The hot weather in Iraq requires real attention to the issue of thermal insulation of buildings and therefore can use the advantage of modern materials to increase thermal insulation and reduce in the energy consumption. This article sheds light on the investment housing projects in Baghdad city.

Etymological minaret comes from the Arabian “manarat”, meaning “illumination place”, “lighthouse”, the term was taken in Turkish (minaret) and French. The minaret is a particularly important component of a mosque, which is the object of study of this article, analyzing environmental factors, especially water, which acts on minaret materials located in the Black Sea area. The minaret is a high tower built into the actual construction, from which muezin calls his believers to work. Due to its visibility from distant horizons, it provides important information to visitors in the region, namely the presence of Muslim believers in that area.

Atmosphere pollution is a complex and worldwide process carried out for a long period of time. Greenhouse effect, global warming and acid rain are only some examples generated by atmospheric pollution. Experts discovered a strong motivation on finding solutions for reducing pollutant emissions caused by atmospheric pollution. Transport activities and fossil fuels combustion are the main concern on environmental pollution, more than that, they are used in industrial processes, being the main cause of environmental pollution.

We have to understand that global pollution is causing the main effect on economic and social challenges of each country, a fact that will be hard to change in the future, and every small step will help for a better and healthy environment. Sebes and Zlanta city, from Alba regions, were the areas that draw our attention for studying the level of atmospheric pollution for a period of 5 years. We made periodic determinations on emission level for SO2, CO, CO2, NOx and writing down periodic reports. The measurements were made in industrial areas for Zlatna and Sebes city and in urban areas in Alba-Iulia city. Traffic environment was the main issue discovered after this research. The concerning was on industrial pollution for the cities of Sebes and Zlatna. The final part is offering solutions on reducing gaseous emissions in particular for economic operators and for the industries as well. This research is particularly aimed at emissions reduction like SO2, CO, CO2 and also for volatile organic compounds. Directive 2008/50/CE concerning ambient air quality were the main sources where we started on our research targeting on reducing atmospheric pollution.

An initial step in flood hazard mapping is hydrological modelling. We present a recent river flood modelling approach in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for small ungauged catchments of drainage area up to 32 km². To estimate peak flow of required probability in small catchments, we use the rational method. The paper focus is GIS based procedure for producing the runoff coefficient map for BiH from the DTM and land cover map. For validation of the peak flow modelling results in small ungauged catchments we use diagrams of peak flow per catchment area (specific runoff) versus catchment area in medium and large gauged catchments. The results indicate agreement in specific runoff for 100 and 500 years return period compared to reference runoff in gauged catchments and a mild drop in specific runoff for 20 years.

In order to increase the competitiveness of an agricultural holding through the efficient use of the production factors, the modernization of an agricultural farm was carried out by exending the existing greenhouse with at least 700m² for the intensive cultivation of ornamental plants - Thuja Orientalis. The material is produced by initiating crops in pots, with seedlings grown in pots or transplanting them in pots right after the first year of the multiplication and growing them in containers, appropriate to their size, until reaching their full value. From a technical point of view, reaching the objective will also be possible through a localized irrigation system.

It is necessary to investigate, develop and promote architecture and built environment education in order to increase the civic responsibility towards the built environment and to create a functional, sustainable and aesthetic environment.

This type of education can and should lay the foundation for social responsibility but for this, we need to make children and young people understand what being responsible mean and that the city is the result of the involvement of all its inhabitants.

Forming such citizens that are able to understand the idea that active involvement and prospective thinking is the first step towards a sustainable transformation of society is a complex and lasting process, which is why it has to start from an early age.