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Electrical impedance tomography methods for miniaturised 3D systems

C. Canali
C. Canali
, 
K. Aristovich
K. Aristovich
, 
L. Ceccarelli
L. Ceccarelli
, 
L.B Larsen
L.B Larsen
, 
Ø. G. Martinsen
Ø. G. Martinsen
, 
A. Wolff
A. Wolff
, 
M. Dufva
M. Dufva
, 
J. Emnéus
J. Emnéus
 und 
A. Heiskanen
A. Heiskanen
   | 21. Dez. 2016
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Article Category: Articles
Online veröffentlicht: 21. Dez. 2016
Seitenbereich: 59 - 67
Eingereicht: 28. Aug. 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5617/jeb.4084
Schlüsselwörter
© 2016 C. Canali, K. Aristovich, L. Ceccarelli, L. B. Larsen, Ø. G.Martinsen, A. Wolff, M. Dufva, J. Emnéus, A. Heiskanen, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

(a) The measurement chamber array. Eight Au plated electrodes were placed at the periphery of each chamber. When present, the Pt electrode was placed at the centre of the chamber through the bottom plate (8+1 electrodes). (b) Schematic (side view) showing the Pt electrode, the circular slits for positioning the Au electrodes and micromilled depressions at the bottom of the chamber to keep the Au electrodes and the test object in position. (c) Photo of a measurement chamber. The lid had an opening to lock the test object in position and a smaller opening for solution replenishment
(a) The measurement chamber array. Eight Au plated electrodes were placed at the periphery of each chamber. When present, the Pt electrode was placed at the centre of the chamber through the bottom plate (8+1 electrodes). (b) Schematic (side view) showing the Pt electrode, the circular slits for positioning the Au electrodes and micromilled depressions at the bottom of the chamber to keep the Au electrodes and the test object in position. (c) Photo of a measurement chamber. The lid had an opening to lock the test object in position and a smaller opening for solution replenishment

Fig. 2

Schematics of the adjacent (a) and polar-offset (b) configurations. Red and blue dashed lines represent the directions of CC and PU electric fields, respectively. A detailed description of the configurations is given in Supplementary Material S1.
Schematics of the adjacent (a) and polar-offset (b) configurations. Red and blue dashed lines represent the directions of CC and PU electric fields, respectively. A detailed description of the configurations is given in Supplementary Material S1.

Fig. 3

Computer simulations of the positional accuracy of the customised method using (a) 8+1 and (b) 32+1 electrodes. The positional accuracy (colour bar) for each perturbation location was computed as the distance (in mm) between the centre of the true and reconstructed object, displayed at the true perturbation location.
Computer simulations of the positional accuracy of the customised method using (a) 8+1 and (b) 32+1 electrodes. The positional accuracy (colour bar) for each perturbation location was computed as the distance (in mm) between the centre of the true and reconstructed object, displayed at the true perturbation location.

Fig. 4

t-EIT using the adjacent configuration (Fig. 2a) and the back-projection algorithm (Comsol Multiphysics) for image reconstruction of a cylindrical stainless steel object placed in the measurement chamber filled with electrolyte. (A) Computation of the FP (a, top view and b, isometric view). (B) Solution of the IP (a, top view and b, isometric view). The colour scales give a qualitative representation of the object impedance. (C) Match between the impedance measurements and the simulated data in the FP. The impedance modulus, |Z|, is reported for all the 40 measurements.
t-EIT using the adjacent configuration (Fig. 2a) and the back-projection algorithm (Comsol Multiphysics) for image reconstruction of a cylindrical stainless steel object placed in the measurement chamber filled with electrolyte. (A) Computation of the FP (a, top view and b, isometric view). (B) Solution of the IP (a, top view and b, isometric view). The colour scales give a qualitative representation of the object impedance. (C) Match between the impedance measurements and the simulated data in the FP. The impedance modulus, |Z|, is reported for all the 40 measurements.

Fig. 5

Image reconstruction (top view) in t-EIT for a cylindrical plastic object placed in the measurement chamber filled with electrolyte using the polar-offset configuration (Fig. 2b) and the customised algorithm. The real position is shown in the schematics at the top (centre-to-centre distance between the object and the chamber: 2.5 mm, angle: 112.5°). Image reconstruction of (a) 1 mm, (b) 2 mm; and (c) 3 mm phantom. The colour scale is in arbitrary units (from -1 in blue, to +1 in red) representing the T-score.
Image reconstruction (top view) in t-EIT for a cylindrical plastic object placed in the measurement chamber filled with electrolyte using the polar-offset configuration (Fig. 2b) and the customised algorithm. The real position is shown in the schematics at the top (centre-to-centre distance between the object and the chamber: 2.5 mm, angle: 112.5°). Image reconstruction of (a) 1 mm, (b) 2 mm; and (c) 3 mm phantom. The colour scale is in arbitrary units (from -1 in blue, to +1 in red) representing the T-score.

Fig. 6

Image reconstruction in (Aa and Ba) t-EIT and (Ab and Bb) f-EIT for an irregular triangular and square shaped potato object placed in the measurement chamber filled with electrolyte using the polar-offset configuration (Fig. 2b) and the customised algorithm (top view). The real position is shown in the inserts at the top right. Images for a (A) triangular object and (B) square shaped object in two alternative positions: 2.5 mm radial centre-to-centre distance between the phantom and the chamber, (a) angle of 135° and (b) angle of 112.5°. The colour scale is in arbitrary units (from -1 in blue, to +1 in red) representing the T‐score.
Image reconstruction in (Aa and Ba) t-EIT and (Ab and Bb) f-EIT for an irregular triangular and square shaped potato object placed in the measurement chamber filled with electrolyte using the polar-offset configuration (Fig. 2b) and the customised algorithm (top view). The real position is shown in the inserts at the top right. Images for a (A) triangular object and (B) square shaped object in two alternative positions: 2.5 mm radial centre-to-centre distance between the phantom and the chamber, (a) angle of 135° and (b) angle of 112.5°. The colour scale is in arbitrary units (from -1 in blue, to +1 in red) representing the T‐score.
eISSN:
1891-5469
Sprache:
Englisch
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Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Technik, Bioingenieurwesen, Biomedizinische Elektronik, Biologie, Biophysik, Medizin, Biomedizinische Technik, Physik, Spektroskopie und Metrologie
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