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Improving Conductivity Image Quality Using Block Matrix-based Multiple Regularization (BMMR) Technique in EIT: A Simulation Study


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Fig.1

Current injection and voltage measurement in EIT for a closed domain (Ω) surrounded by surface electrodes at the domain boundary (∂Ω) (red and blue electrode represent the current and voltage electrodes respectively).
Current injection and voltage measurement in EIT for a closed domain (Ω) surrounded by surface electrodes at the domain boundary (∂Ω) (red and blue electrode represent the current and voltage electrodes respectively).

Fig.2

BMMR matrix formation: (a) A matrix formation by defining several block matrices in JTJ matrix, (b) Y matrix formation from A matrix, (c) BMMR matrix or Z matrix formation from Y matrix.
BMMR matrix formation: (a) A matrix formation by defining several block matrices in JTJ matrix, (b) Y matrix formation from A matrix, (c) BMMR matrix or Z matrix formation from Y matrix.

Fig.3

Projection errors (EV) calculated in the conductivity reconstruction at different iterations with different values of λ: (a) with STR, (b) with LMR, (c) with BMMR.
Projection errors (EV) calculated in the conductivity reconstruction at different iterations with different values of λ: (a) with STR, (b) with LMR, (c) with BMMR.

Fig.4

Error in different regularization methods for λ = 0.01: (a) normalized projection errors, (b) normalized solution error norm.
Error in different regularization methods for λ = 0.01: (a) normalized projection errors, (b) normalized solution error norm.

Fig.5

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.01): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.01): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.6

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.7

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.00011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.00011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.8

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 20 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 20 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.9

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 30 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.10

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.11

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 35 mm, L = 22.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 35 mm, L = 22.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.12

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 35 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 35 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.13

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 35 mm, L = 52.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with inhomogeneity (D = 35 mm, L = 52.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.14

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 15 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 15 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.15

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 52.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 15 (λ = 0.01): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 52.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 15 (λ = 0.01): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.16

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 50.0 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 7 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 50.0 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 7 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.17

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 7 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with double inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-3 and 7 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.18

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.0001): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR

Fig.19

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 50.0 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 50.0 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR.

Fig.20

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.0011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR

Fig.21

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.00011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 37.5 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.00011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR

Fig.22

Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 30.0 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.00011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR
Conductivity reconstruction of the phantom with tripple inhomogeneity (D = 40 mm, L = 30.0 mm) near electrode No.-1, between electrode No.-6-7 and between electrode No.-11-12 (λ = 0.00011): (a) original object, (b) image with STR, (c) image with LMR, (d) image with BMMR

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-9

30 mm Dia.CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR1.9445.942.040.25
LMR1.3038.461.810.27
BMMR2.8068.024.200.12

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-6

λ = 0.0001CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR1.9846.302.050.25
LMR1.1228.251.460.34
BMMR2.6768.764.600.11

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-5

λ = 0.01CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR1.9137.351.520.41
LMR2.0734.721.490.40
BMMR2.6749.062.140.24

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-8

20 mm Dia.CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR0.5612.731.180.40
LMR1.1720.931.320.37
BMMR2.5150.532.460.19

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-7

λ = 0.00011CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR1.9445.942.040.25
LMR1.3038.461.810.27
BMMR2.8068.024.200.12

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-12

37.5 mm Dist.CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR1.7948.722.150.24
LMR1.5445.902.060.24
BMMR2.7575.336.010.08

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-13

52.5 mm Dist.CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR3.4463.753.700.13
LMR3.5762.773.540.14
BMMR3.5963.773.500.14

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-10

40 mm Dia.CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR1.9153.072.290.23
LMR2.1465.053.330.16
BMMR2.9874.585.060.10

CNR, PCR and COC of the conductivity images of Fig.-11

22.5 mm Dist.CNRPCRCOCICMean
STR2.2248.251.720.38
LMR1.8644.091.600.41
BMMR2.6155.672.040.30
eISSN:
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Sprache:
Englisch
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Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Technik, Bioingenieurwesen, Biomedizinische Elektronik, Biologie, Biophysik, Medizin, Biomedizinische Technik, Physik, Spektroskopie und Metrologie