[
Arachchi H.S., V. Kalra, B. Lal, V. Bhatia, C.S. Baba, S. Chakravarthy, S. Rohatgi, S., P.M. Sarma, V. Mishra, B. Das and others. 2007. Prevalence of duodenal ulcer-promoting gene (dupA) of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer in North Indian Population. Helicobacter 12: 591–597.10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00557.x18001398
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Argent R.H., A. Burette, V.Y. Miendje Deyi and J.C. Atherton. 2007. The presence of dupA in Helicobacter pylori is not significantly associated with duodenal ulceration in Belgium, South Africa, China, or North America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45: 1204–1206.10.1086/52217717918084
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Argent R.H., R.J. Thomas, D.P. Letley, M.G. Rittig, K.R. Hardie and J.C. Atherton. 2008. Functional association between the Helicobacter pylori virulence factors VacA and CagA. J. Med. Microbiol. 57: 145–150.10.1099/jmm.0.47465-018201978
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Atherton J.C. 1997. The clinical relevance of strain types of Helicobacter pylori. Gut. 40: 701–703.10.1136/gut.40.6.70110271919245920
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aydin F., N. Kaklikkaya, O. Ozgur, K. Cubukcu, A.O. Kilic, I. Tosun and M. Erturk. 2004. Distribution of vacA alleles and cagA status of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Clin Microbiol. Infect. 10: 1102–1104.10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00989.x15606640
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Benoit S.L., N. Mehta, M.V. Weinberg, C. Maier and R.J. Maier. 2007. Interaction between the Helicobacter pylori accessory proteins HypA and UreE is needed for urease maturation. Microbio logy 153: 1474–1482.10.1099/mic.0.2006/003228-0255368017464061
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Beswick E.J., I.V. Pinchuk, K. Minch, G. Suarez, J.C. Sierra, Y. Yamaoka and V.E. Reyes. 2006. The Helicobacter pylori urease B subunit binds to CD74 on gastric epithelial cells and induces NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 production. Infect. Immun. 74: 1148–1155.10.1128/IAI.74.2.1148-1155.2006136032816428763
]Search in Google Scholar
[
D’Elios M.M., A. Amedei, A. Cappon, G. Del Prete and M. de Bernard. 2007. The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP) as an immune modulating agent. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 50: 157–164.10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00258.x17521355
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dixon M.F., R.M. Genta, J.H. Yardley and P. Correa. 1996. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 20: 1161–1181.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eaton K.A., J.V. Gilbert, E.A. Joyce, A.E. Wanken, T. Thevenot, P. Baker, A. Plaut and A. Wright. 2002. In vivo complementation of ureB restores the ability of Helicobacter pylori to colonize. Infect. Immun. 70: 771–778.10.1128/IAI.70.2.771-778.200212765211796610
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Evans D.G., D.M. Queiroz, E.N. Mendes and D.J.Jr. Evans. 1998. Helicobacter pylori cagA status and s and m alleles of vacA in isolates from individuals with a variety of Helicobacter pylori – associated gastric diseases. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 3435–3437.10.1128/JCM.36.11.3435-3437.19981053539774617
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fan X., H. Gunasena, Z. Cheng, R. Espejo, S.E. Crowe, P.B. Ernst and V.E. Reyes. 2000. Helicobacter pylori urease binds to class II MHC on gastric epithelial cells and induces their apoptosis. J. Immunol. 165: 1918–1924.10.4049/jimmunol.165.4.1918
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Farzi N., T. Malekian, M. Alebouyeh, F. Vaziri and M.R. Zali. 2014. Genotype diversity and quasispecies development of Helicobacter pylori in a single host. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 68(3): 176–80.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fong Y.H., H.C. Wong, M.H. Yuen, P.H. Lau, Y.W. Chen and K.B. Wong. 2013. Structure of UreG/UreF/UreH complex reveals how urease accessory proteins facilitate maturation of Helicobacter pylori urease. PLoS Biol. 11: e1001678.10.1371/journal.pbio.1001678
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gobert A.P., B.D. Mersey, Y. Cheng, D.R. Blumberg, J.C. Newton and K.T. Wilson. 2002. Cutting edge: Urease release by Helicobacter pylori stimulates macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase. J. Immunol. 168: 6002–6006.10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hu L.T., P.A. Foxall, R. Russell and H.L. Mobley. 1992. Purification of recombinant Helicobacter pylori urease apoenzyme encoded by ureA and ureB. Infect. Immun. 60: 2657–2666.10.1128/iai.60.7.2657-2666.1992
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Igarashi M., Y. Kitada, H. Yoshiyama, A. Takagi, T. Miwa and Y. Koga. 2001. Ammonia as an accelerator of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells in Helicobacter pylori infection. Infect. Immun. 69: 816–821.10.1128/IAI.69.2.816-821.2001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ito S., Y. Kohli, T. Kato, H. Murakita, Y. Ohotaki, M. Hirai, T. Azuma and M. Kuriyama. 1995. Differences in urease activity in live Helicobacter pylori cultured from patients with gastroduodenal diseases. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7(Suppl 1): S83–88.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jung S.W., M. Sugimoto, S. Shiota, D.Y. Graham and Y. Yamaoka. 2012. The intact dupA cluster is a more reliable Helicobacter pylori virulence marker than dupA alone. Infect. Immun. 80: 381–387.10.1128/IAI.05472-11
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kohda K., K. Tanaka, Y. Aiba, M. Yasuda, T. Miwa and Y. Koga. 1999. Role of apoptosis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of duodenal ulcer. Gut. 44: 456–462.10.1136/gut.44.4.456
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kusters J.G., A.H. van Vliet and E.J. Kuipers. 2006. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19: 449–490.10.1128/CMR.00054-05
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lee M.H., Y. Roussel, M. Wilks and S. Tabaqchali. 2001. Expression of Helicobacter pylori urease subunit B gene in Lactococcus lactis mg1363 and its use as a vaccine delivery system against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Vaccine 19: 3927–3935.10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00119-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lu H., P.I. Hsu, D.Y. Graham and Y. Yamaoka. 2005. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 128: 833–848.10.1053/j.gastro.2005.01.009313006115825067
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McGee D.J. and H.L. Mobley. 1999. Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori infection: bacterial factors. Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol. 241: 155–180.10.1007/978-3-642-60013-5_9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mobley H.L., M.D. Island and R.P. Hausinger. 1995. Molecular biology of microbial ureases. Microbiol. Rev. 59: 451–480.10.1128/mr.59.3.451-480.1995
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Muller I., A. Medina-Selby, J.L. Palacios, P. Martinez, P. Opazo, E. Bruce, M. Mancilla, P. Valenzuela, A. Yudelevich and A. Venegas. 2002. Cloning and comparison of ten gene sequences of a chilean Helicobacter pylori strain with other Helicobacter pylori strains revealed higher variability for VacA and CagA virulence factors. Biol. Res. 35: 67–84.10.4067/S0716-97602002000100010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nguyen L.T., T. Uchida, Y. Tsukamoto, A. Kuroda, T. Okimoto, M. Kodama, K. Murakami, T. Fujioka and M. Moriyama. 2010. Helicobacter pylori dupA gene is not associated with clinical outcomes in the Japanese population. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 16: 1264–1269.10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03081.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nishiya D., T. Shimoyama, S. Fukuda, T. Yoshimura, M. Tanaka and A. Munakata. 2000. Evaluation of the clinical relevance of the iceA1 gene in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 35: 36–39.10.1080/003655200750024506
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nogueira C., C. Figueiredo, F. Carneiro, A.T. Gomes, R. Barreira, P. Figueira, C. Salgado, L. Belo, A. Peixoto, J.C. Bravo and others. 2001. Helicobacter pylori genotypes may determine gastric histopathology. Am. J. Pathol. 158: 647–654.10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64006-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Onal Okyay T. and D. Frigi Rodrigues. 2013. High throughput colorimetric assay for rapid urease activity quantification. J. Microbiol. Methods. 95: 324–326.10.1016/j.mimet.2013.09.01824103728
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Plummer M., L.J. van Doorn, S. Franceschi, B. Kleter, F. Canzian, J. Vivas, G. Lopez, D. Colin, N. Munoz and I. Kato. 2007. Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated genotype and gastric precancerous lesions. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 99: 1328–1334.10.1093/jnci/djm12017728213
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rathbone M. and B. Rathbone. 2011. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res. 185: 83–97.10.1007/978-3-642-03503-6_521822821
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ribeiro M.L., A.P. Godoy, Y.H. Benvengo, S. Mendonca and J.Jr. Pedrazzoli. 2003. Clinical relevance of the cagA, vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Brazilian clinical isolates. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 36: 181–185.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shimoyama T., S. Fukuda, Q. Liu, S. Nakaji, Y. Fukuda and K. Sugawara. 2003. Helicobacter pylori water soluble surface proteins prime human neutrophils for enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and stimulate chemokine production. J. Clin. Pathol. 56: 348–351.10.1136/jcp.56.5.348176994512719454
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Suzuki H., T. Hibi and B.J. Marshall. 2007. Helicobacter pylori: present status and future prospects in Japan. J. Gastroenterol. 42: 1–15.10.1007/s00535-006-1990-z278061217322988
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang M.-Y., C. Shao, J. Li, Y.-C. Yang, S.-B. Wang, J.-L. Hao, C.-M. Wu, X.-Z. Gao and S.-H. Shao. 2015. Helicobacter pylori with the intact dupA cluster is more virulent than the strains with the incomplete dupA cluster. Curr. Microbiol. 71(1): 16–23
]Search in Google Scholar
[
World Health Organization (WHO). 1994. Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Working Group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon, 7–14 June 1994. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 61: 1–241.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wu H., T. Nakano, E. Daikoku, C. Morita, T. Kohno, H.H. Lian and K. Sano. 2005. Intrabacterial proton-dependent CagA transport system in Helicobacter pylori. J. Med. Microbiol. 54: 1117–1125.10.1099/jmm.0.46158-016278423
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wu H., T. Nakano, Y. Matsuzaki, Y. Ooi, T. Kohno, S. Ishihara and K. Sano. 2014. A new type of intrabacterial nanotransportation system for VacA in Helicobacter pylori. Med. Mol. Morphol. 47: 224–232.10.1007/s00795-013-0068-224420644
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Xu J.K., C.S. Goodwin, M. Cooper and J. Robinson. 1990. Intracellular vacuolization caused by the urease of Helicobacter pylori. J. Infect. Dis. 161: 1302–1304.10.1093/infdis/161.6.13022345308
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yahav J., A. Fradkin, B. Weisselberg, A. Diver-Haver, H. Shmuely and A. Jonas. 2000. Relevance of CagA positivity to clinical course of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 3534–3537.10.1128/JCM.38.10.3534-3537.20008743211015359
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang J.Y., T. Liu, H. Guo, X.F. Liu, Y. Zhuang, S. Yu, L. Chen, C. Wu, Z. Zhao, B. Tang and others. 2011. Induction of a Th17 cell response by Helicobacter pylori urease subunit B. Immunobiology 216: 803–810.10.1016/j.imbio.2010.12.00621269729
]Search in Google Scholar