Limb defect | Total | Subtypes | Unilateral | Bilateral | Symma |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polydactyly | 80 | 4 | 48 | 32 | 16 |
Syndactyly | 34 | 6 | 5 | 29 | 13 |
Absence deformities | 13 | 5 | 8 | 5 | |
Musculoskeletal defects | 11 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 5 |
Brachy dactyly | 11 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 5 |
Leg defects | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | |
Camptodactyly | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | |
Clubfoot | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Clinodactyly | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
Club finger | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Demographic variable | Sex | Subpopulation | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Muslim | Hindu | ||
Tando Allahyar | 66 | 15 | 38 | 43 | 81 |
Umerkot | 21 | 13 | 8 | 26 | 34 |
Sanghar | 16 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 18 |
Mirpur Khas | 9 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 10 |
Khairpur | 8 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 9 |
Hyderabad | 6 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 7 |
Tando Adam | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 6 |
statistically significant ( | |||||
Rural | 99 | 21 | 56 | 64 | 120 |
Urban | 33 | 12 | 27 | 18 | 45 |
21 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 30 | |
10–19 | 42 | 10 | 19 | 33 | 52 |
20–29 | 33 | 7 | 28 | 12 | 40 |
≥3 0 | 36 | 7 | 22 | 21 | 43 |
statistically significant ( | |||||
Only data of these cases was available | |||||
Labor/manual jobs | 50 | 11 | 30 | 31 | 61 |
Student | 28 | 5 | 23 | 10 | 33 |
Farmer/agriculture | 24 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 29 |
Skilled worker | 14 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 14 |
Housewife (women) | 2 statistically significant ( | 5 | 1 statistically significant ( | 6 | 7 |
Only data of these cases was available | |||||
Illiterate | 50 | 21 | 25 | 46 | 71 |
Literate | 68 | 5 | 42 | 31 | 73 |
statistically significant ( | statistically significant ( | ||||
Only data of these cases was available | |||||
Poor | 85 | 21 | 39 | 67 | 106 |
Lower middle | 23 | 8 | 22 | 9 | 31 |
Upper middle | 12 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 14 |
Upper | 4 | 0 | 3 statistically significant ( | 1 | 4 |
Only data of these cases was available | |||||
Single | 29 | 4 | 30 | 3 | 33 |
Married | 42 | 10 | 20 | 32 | 52 |
statistically significant ( | |||||
Only data of these cases was available | |||||
Single | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Nuclear | 74 | 15 | 28 | 61 | 89 |
Extended | 42 | 16 | 42 | 16 | 58 |
statistically significant ( | |||||
Sindhi | 40 | 6 | 46 | ||
Urdu | 8 | 2 | 10 | ||
Saraiki | 7 | 1 | 8 | ||
Balochi | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||
Punjabi | 7 | 1 | 8 | ||
Others | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
Marwari | 33 | 11 | 44 | ||
Dhatki | 17 | 3 | 20 | ||
Gujarati | 9 | 3 | 12 | ||
Sindhi | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||
Baloch | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||
Khanzada | 6 | 1 | 7 | ||
Solangi | 3 | 4 | 7 | ||
Abbasi | 4 | 0 | 4 | ||
Arain | 4 | 0 | 4 | ||
Khaskheli | 0 | 4 | 4 | ||
Khumbhar | 0 | 4 | 4 | ||
Others | 20 | 14 | 34 | ||
Bheel | 31 | 9 | 40 | ||
Menghwar | 10 | 5 | 15 | ||
Kohli | 8 | 0 | 8 | ||
Rathore | 7 | 0 | 7 | ||
Others | 8 | 4 | 12 | ||
Limb defect | Index participants (n = 165) | Subpopulation | Total | Proportion | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Muslim | Hindu | ||||
Polydactyly | 62 | 18 | 40 | 40 | 0.4848 | 0.4086-0.5611 | |
Syndactyly | 29 | 5 | 17 | 17 | 0.2061 | 0.1443-0.2678 | |
Absence deformities | 10 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 0.0788 | 0.0377-0.1199 | |
Musculoskeletal defects | 9 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 0.0667 | 0.0286-0.1047 | |
Brachydactyly | 7 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 0.0667 | 0.0286-0.1047 | |
Leg defects | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0.0303 | 0.0041-0.0565 | ||
Camptodactyly | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0.0242 | 0.0008-0.0477 | ||
Clubfoot | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.0242 | 0.0008-0.0477 | ||
Clinodactyly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.0121 | –0.0046-0.0288 | |
Club finger | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.0061 | –0.0058-0.0179 | ||
Limb defects | No. of cases (n = 165) | Total affected limbs (n = 315) | Upper limb (n = 172) | Lower limb (n = 143) | No. of cases with involvement | No. of limbs involved (n = 165) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RA | LA | RL | LL | Hands only | Feet only | Both | Any 1 | Any 2 | Any 3 | All 4 | |||
Polydactyly | 80 | 139 | 47 | 41 | 23 | 28 | 47 | 17 | 16 | 44 | 23 | 3 | 10 |
Syndactyly | 34 | 77 | 16 | 18 | 22 | 21 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 5 | 21 | 2 | 6 |
Absence deformities | 13 | 25 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
Musculoskeletal defects | 11 | 25 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | |
Brachy dactyly | 11 | 20 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 1 | |
Leg defects | 5 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | ||||||
Camptodactyly | 4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||
Clubfoot | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
Clinodactyly | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
Club finger | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Muslim | 83 | 174 | 45 | 45 | 41 | 43 | 34 | 25 | 24 | 31 | 31 | 3 | 18 |
Hindu | 82 | 141 | 44 | 38 | 28 | 31 | 45 | 28 | 9 | 36 | 38 | 3 | 5 |