Serum Levels of Interleukin-1 Beta are Decreased in Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at the Time of Hospitalization
, , , , und | 23. Feb. 2024
Online veröffentlicht: 23. Feb. 2024
Seitenbereich: 93 - 97
Eingereicht: 25. Sept. 2023
Akzeptiert: 17. Dez. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2024.11800
Schlüsselwörter
© 2024 Tran Thi Huyen et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
BACKGROUND
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Some immunological and genetic factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, including tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-17. IL-1β is one of the most prominent cytokines associated with the innate immune response.
AIMS
The study aimed to evaluate the serum level of IL-1β in SJS/TEN and the relation between it and the progress of SJS/TEN.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, in Hanoi, Vietnam, from October 2017 to September 2019. 48 SJS/TEN patients, 43 erythema multiforme (EM) patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) participated. IL-1β levels were measured using the fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (ProcartaPlex Immunoassay Panels kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare serum IL-1β levels. The Wilcoxon tests were used to compare quantitative variables before and after the treatment. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
19 SJS patients (39.5%) and 29 TEN patients (60.5%) participated in our study. The mean age was 49.3 years; the range was 19–77 years (47.9% males; 52.1% females). The most common causative drugs were traditional medicine (29.1%), carbamazepine (12.5%), and allopurinol (12.5%). On the day of hospitalization, the mean serum level of IL-1β of the SJS/TEN group was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/mL, ranging from 0.5 pg/mL to 447 pg/mL. This level was significantly lower than that of the HCs group (p < 0.001) but not lower than that of the EM group. The mean serum level of IL-1β in the SJS/TEN patients on the day of hospitalization was 26.4 ± 81.7 pg/ml, higher than that on the day of re-epithelialization (1.9 ± 5.6 pg/mL) and the difference was statistically significant with p < 0.01.
CONCLUSION
Serum IL-1β level in SJS/TEN patients is lower than in HCs. It is not a good biomarker to differentiate SJS/TEN from EM.