Usefulness of two types of pain monitors in newborns treated in NICU, in the opinion of experts: Results of the survey

1Anand KJ, Brown MJ, Causon RC, Christofides ND, Bloom SR, Aynsley-Green A. Can the human neonate mount an endocrine and metabolic response to surgery? J Pediatr Surg. 1985;20(1):41–8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(85)80390-0 Anand KJ Brown MJ Causon RC Christofides ND Bloom SR Aynsley-Green A Can the human neonate mount an endocrine and metabolic response to surgery? J Pediatr Surg 198520 1 41 8 10.1016/s0022-3468(85)80390-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2Ranger M, Grunau RE. Early repetitive pain in preterm infants in relation to the developing brain. Pain Manag. 2014;4(1):57–67. doi: 10.2217/pmt.13.61 Ranger M Grunau RE Early repetitive pain in preterm infants in relation to the developing brain Pain Manag 20144 1 57 67 10.2217/pmt.13.61397505224641344Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3Anand KJS, Papanicolaou AC, Palmer FB. Repetitive neonatal pain and neurocognitive abilities in ex-preterm children. Pain. 2013;154(10):1899–901. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.027 Anand KJS Papanicolaou AC Palmer FB Repetitive neonatal pain and neurocognitive abilities in ex-preterm children Pain 2013154 10 1899 901 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.02723792285Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4Grunau RE. Neonatal pain in very preterm infants: Long-term effects on brain, neurodevelopment and pain reactivity. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2013;4(4):e0025. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.101325. Chau CMY, Ranger M, Bichin M, Park MTM, Amaral RSC, Chakravarty M et al. Hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes in very preterm children at 8 years: Neonatal pain and genetic variation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019;13:51. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00051 Grunau RE Neonatal pain in very preterm infants: Long-term effects on brain, neurodevelopment and pain reactivity Rambam Maimonides Med J 20134 4 e0025 10.5041/RMMJ.101325 Chau CMY, Ranger M, Bichin M, Park MTM, Amaral RSC, Chakravarty M et al. Hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes in very preterm children at 8 years: Neonatal pain and genetic variation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019;13:51 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00051Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5Chau CMY, Ranger M, Bichin M, Park MTM, Amaral RSC, Chakravarty M et al. Hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes in very preterm children at 8 years: Neonatal pain and genetic variation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019;13:51. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00051 Chau CMY Ranger M Bichin M Park MTM Amaral RSC Chakravarty M et al. Hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes in very preterm children at 8 years: Neonatal pain and genetic variation. Front Behav Neurosci 201913:51 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00051643397430941021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6Hermann C, Hohmeister J, Demirakça S, Zohsel K, Flor H. Long-term alteration of pain sensitivity in school-aged children with early pain experiences. Pain. 2006;125(3):278–85. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.026 Hermann C Hohmeister J Demirakça S Zohsel K Flor H Long-term alteration of pain sensitivity in school-aged children with early pain experiences Pain 2006125 3 278 85 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.02617011707Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7Hohmeister J, Kroll A, Wollgarten-Hadamek I, Zohsel K, Demirakça S, Flor H, et al. Cerebral processing of pain in school-aged children with neonatal nociceptive input: an exploratory fMRI study. Pain. 2010;150(2):257–67. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.004 Hohmeister J Kroll A Wollgarten-Hadamek I Zohsel K Demirakça S Flor H et al Cerebral processing of pain in school-aged children with neonatal nociceptive input: an exploratory fMRI study Pain 2010150 2 257 67 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.00420471751Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8Goffaux P, Lafrenaye S, Morin M, Patural H, Demers G, Marchand S. Preterm births: Can neonatal pain alter the development of endogenous gating systems? Eur J Pain. 2008;12(7):945–51. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.01.003 Goffaux P Lafrenaye S Morin M Patural H Demers G Marchand S Preterm births: Can neonatal pain alter the development of endogenous gating systems? Eur J Pain 200812 7 945–51 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.01.00318308597Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9Schmelzle-Lubiecki BM, Campbell KA, Howard RH, Franck L, Fitzgerald M. Long-term consequences of early infant injury and trauma upon somatosensory processing. Eur J Pain. 2007;11(7):799–809. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.12.009 Schmelzle-Lubiecki BM Campbell KA Howard RH Franck L Fitzgerald M Long-term consequences of early infant injury and trauma upon somatosensory processing Eur J Pain 200711 7 799 809 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.12.00917320438Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10Kasala S, Briyal S, Prazad P, Ranjan AK, Stefanov G, Donovan R, Gulati A. Exposure to morphine and caffeine induces apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in a neonatal rat brain. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:593. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00593 Kasala S Briyal S Prazad P Ranjan AK Stefanov G Donovan R Gulati A Exposure to morphine and caffeine induces apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in a neonatal rat brain Front Pediatr 20208593 10.3389/fped.2020.00593753019533042927Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11Alipio JB, Haga C, Fox ME, Arakawa K, Balaji R, Cramer N, et al. Perinatal fentanyl exposure leads to long-lasting impairments in somatosensory circuit function and behavior. J Neurosci. 2021;41(15):3400–17. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2470-20.2021 Alipio JB Haga C Fox ME Arakawa K Balaji R Cramer N et al Perinatal fentanyl exposure leads to long-lasting impairments in somatosensory circuit function and behavior J Neurosci 202141 15 3400 17 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2470-20.2021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12McPherson C, Haslam M, Pineda R, Rogers C, Neil JJ, Inder TE. Brain injury and development in preterm infants exposed to fentanyl. Ann Pharmacother. 2015;49(12):1291–7. doi: 10.1177/1060028015606732 McPherson C Haslam M Pineda R Rogers C Neil JJ Inder TE Brain injury and development in preterm infants exposed to fentanyl Ann Pharmacother 201549 12 1291 7 10.1177/1060028015606732Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13Duerden EG, Guo T, Dodbiba L, Chakravarty MM, Chau V, Poskitt KJ, et al. Midazolam dose correlates with abnormal hippocampal growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. Ann Neurol. 2016;79(4):548–59. doi: 10.1002/ana.24601 Duerden EG Guo T Dodbiba L Chakravarty MM Chau V Poskitt KJ et al Midazolam dose correlates with abnormal hippocampal growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants Ann Neurol 201679 4 548 59 10.1002/ana.24601Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14Rozé JC, Denizot S, Carbajal R, Ancel PY, Kaminski M, Arnaud C et al. Prolonged sedation and/or analgesia and 5-year neurodevelopment outcome in very preterm infants: Results from the EPIPAGE cohort. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(8):728–33. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.162.8.728 Rozé JC Denizot S Carbajal R Ancel PY Kaminski M Arnaud C et al Prolonged sedation and/or analgesia and 5-year neurodevelopment outcome in very preterm infants: Results from the EPIPAGE cohort Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008162 8 728 33 10.1001/archpedi.162.8.728Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15Bellù R, Romantsik O, Nava C, de Waal KA, Zanini R, Bruschettini M. Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3(3):CD013732. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013732.pub2 Bellù R Romantsik O Nava C de Waal KA Zanini R Bruschettini M Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20213 3 CD013732 10.1002/14651858.CD013732.pub2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16Campbell JN. APS 1995 Presidential address. Pain Forum. 1996;5(1):85–8. doi: 10.1016/S1082-3174(96)80076-6 Campbell JN APS 1995 Presidential address Pain Forum 19965 1 85 8 10.1016/S1082-3174(96)80076-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17Lynch M. Pain as the fifth vital sign. J Intraven Nurs. 2001;24(2):85–94. PMID: 11836838 Lynch M Pain as the fifth vital sign J Intraven Nurs 200124 2 85 94 PMID: 11836838Search in Google Scholar

18Olsson E, Ahl H, Bengtsson K, Vejayaram DN, Norman E, Bruschettini M, et al. The use and reporting of neonatal pain scales: a systematic review of randomized trials. Pain. 2021;162(2):353–60. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002046 Olsson E Ahl H Bengtsson K Vejayaram DN Norman E Bruschettini M et al The use and reporting of neonatal pain scales: a systematic review of randomized trials Pain 2021162 2 353 60 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002046780836032826760Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19Ranger M, Johnston CC, Anand KJ. Current controversies regarding pain assessment in neonates. Semin Perinatol. 2007;31(5):283–8. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.07.003 Ranger M Johnston CC Anand KJ Current controversies regarding pain assessment in neonates Semin Perinatol 200731 5 283 8 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.07.00317905182Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20Avila-Alvarez A, Carbajal R, Courtois E, Pertega-Diaz S, Anand KJ, Muñiz-Garcia J; Grupo español del Proyecto Europain. Clinical assessment of pain in Spanish Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Spanish. An Pediatr (Barc). 2016;85(4):181–8. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.09.019 Avila-Alvarez A Carbajal R Courtois E Pertega-Diaz S Anand KJ Muñiz-Garcia J Grupo español del Proyecto Europain Clinical assessment of pain in Spanish Neonatal Intensive Care Units Spanish. An Pediatr (Barc) 201685 4 181 8 10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.09.01926553356Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21Anand KJ, Eriksson M, Boyle EM, Avila-Alvarez A, Andersen RD, Sarafidid K, et al. EUROPAIN survey working group of the NeoOpioid Consortium. Assessment of continuous pain in newborns admitted to NICUs in 18 European countries. Acta Paediatr 2017;106(8):1248–59. doi: 10.1111/apa.13810 Anand KJ Eriksson M Boyle EM Avila-Alvarez A Andersen RD Sarafidid K et al EUROPAIN survey working group of the NeoOpioid Consortium Assessment of continuous pain in newborns admitted to NICUs in 18 European countries. Acta Paediatr 2017106 8 1248 59 10.1111/apa.1381028257153Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22Courtois E, Droutman S, Magny JF, Merchaoui Z, Durrmeyer X, Roussel C, et al. Epidemiology and neonatal pain management of heelsticks in intensive care units: EPIPPAIN 2, a prospective observational study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;59:79–88. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.014 Courtois E Droutman S Magny JF Merchaoui Z Durrmeyer X Roussel C et al Epidemiology and neonatal pain management of heelsticks in intensive care units: EPIPPAIN 2, a prospective observational study Int J Nurs Stud 20165979 88 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.014Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23Sposito NPB, Rossato LM, Bueno M, Kimura AF, Costa T, Guedes DMB. Assessment and management of pain in newborns hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a cross-sectional study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2017;25:e2931. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.1665.2931 Sposito NPB Rossato LM Bueno M Kimura AF Costa T Guedes DMB Assessment and management of pain in newborns hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a cross-sectional study Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 201725e2931 10.1590/1518-8345.1665.2931Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24Lago P, Frigo AC, Baraldi E, Pozzato R, Courtois E, Rambaud J, et al. Sedation and analgesia practices at Italian neonatal intensive care units: results from the EUROPAIN study. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13052-017-0343-2 Lago P Frigo AC Baraldi E Pozzato R Courtois E Rambaud J et al Sedation and analgesia practices at Italian neonatal intensive care units: results from the EUROPAIN study Ital J Pediatr 201743 1 26 10.1186/s13052-017-0343-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25Logier R, Jeanne M, Tavernier B. Method and device for assessing pain in human being – European patent N° 04370029.3. University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille II. Deposit date 2004 Sep 20. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1637075A1/en Logier R Jeanne M Tavernier B Method and device for assessing pain in human being – European patent N° 04370029.3. University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille II Deposit date 2004 Sep 20. Available from https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1637075A1/enSearch in Google Scholar

26Jeanne M, Logier R, De Jonckheere J, Tavernier B. Validation of a graphic measurement of heart rate variability to assess analgesia/nociception balance during general anesthesia. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:1840–3. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5332598 Jeanne M Logier R De Jonckheere J Tavernier B Validation of a graphic measurement of heart rate variability to assess analgesia/nociception balance during general anesthesia Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 200920091840 3 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5332598Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27Faye PM, De Jonckheere J, Logier R, Kuissi E, Jeanne M, Rakza T, et al. Newborn infant pain assessment using heart rate variability analysis. Clin J Pain. 2010;26(9):777–82. doi: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181ed1058 Faye PM De Jonckheere J Logier R Kuissi E Jeanne M Rakza T et al Newborn infant pain assessment using heart rate variability analysis Clin J Pain 201026 9 777 82 10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181ed1058Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28Storm H. The development of a software program for analyzing skin conductance changes in preterm infants. Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;112(8):1562–8. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00573-9 Storm H The development of a software program for analyzing skin conductance changes in preterm infants Clin Neurophysiol 2001112 8 1562 8 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00573-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29Storm H. Changes in skin conductance as a tool to monitor nociceptive stimulation and pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008;21(6):796–804. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283183fe4 Storm H Changes in skin conductance as a tool to monitor nociceptive stimulation and pain Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 200821 6 796 804 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283183fe418997532Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30Verweij LM, Kivits JTS, Weber F. The performance of the heart rate variability–derived Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation Index as a measure of early postoperative pain and discomfort in infants: A prospective observational study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2021;31(7):787–93. doi: 10.1111/pan.14188 Verweij LM Kivits JTS Weber F The performance of the heart rate variability–derived Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation Index as a measure of early postoperative pain and discomfort in infants: A prospective observational study Paediatr Anaesth 202131 7 787 93 10.1111/pan.14188825186133811710Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31Gendras J, Lavenant P, Sicard-Cras I, Consigny M, Misery L, Anand KJS, et al. The newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation index for acute procedural pain assessment in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2021;89(7):1840–7. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01152-4 Gendras J Lavenant P Sicard-Cras I Consigny M Misery L Anand KJS et al The newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation index for acute procedural pain assessment in preterm infants Pediatr Res 202189 7 1840 7 10.1038/s41390-020-01152-432961546Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32Cremillieux C, Makhlouf A, Pichot V, Trombert B, Patural H. Objective assessment of induced acute pain in neonatology with the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation index. Eur J Pain. 2018;22(6):1071–9. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1191 Cremillieux C Makhlouf A Pichot V Trombert B Patural H Objective assessment of induced acute pain in neonatology with the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation index Eur J Pain 201822 6 1071 9 10.1002/ejp.119129369446Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33Walas W, Latka-Grot J, Maroszyńska I, Malinowska E, Rutkowska M, Piotrowski A, et al. Newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation index for the assessment of procedural pain in nonanesthetized infants: A multicenter ilot study. Am J Perinatol. 2021 Aug;38(S 01):e224-e230. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709458 Walas W Latka-Grot J Maroszyńska I Malinowska E Rutkowska M Piotrowski A et al Newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation index for the assessment of procedural pain in nonanesthetized infants: A multicenter ilot study Am J Perinatol 2021 Aug38 S 01 e224 e230 10.1055/s-0040-170945832276281Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34Buyuktiryaki M, Uras N, Okur N, Oncel MY, Simsek GK, Isik SO, et al. Evaluation of prolonged pain in preterm infants with pneumothorax using heart rate variability analysis andEDIN (Échelle Douleur Inconfort Nouveau-Né, neonatal pain and discomfort scale) scores. Korean J Pediatr. 2018;61(10):322–6. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2017.05939 Buyuktiryaki M Uras N Okur N Oncel MY Simsek GK Isik SO et al Evaluation of prolonged pain in preterm infants with pneumothorax using heart rate variability analysis andEDIN (Échelle Douleur Inconfort Nouveau-Né, neonatal pain and discomfort scale) scores Korean J Pediatr 201861 10 322 6 10.3345/kjp.2017.05939621271030304911Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35de Jesus JAL, Campos Jr D, Storm H, da Rocha AF Tristão RM. Skin conductance and behavioral pain scales in newborn infants. Psychol Neurosci. 2015;8(2):203–10. Doi: 10.1037/h0101058 de Jesus JAL Campos Jr D Storm H da Rocha AF Tristão RM Skin conductance and behavioral pain scales in newborn infants Psychol Neurosci 20158 2 203 10 10.1037/h0101058Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36Pereira-da-Silva L, Virella D, Monteiro I, Gomes S, Rodrigues P, Serelha M, et al. Skin conductance indices discriminate nociceptive responses to acute stimuli from different heel prick procedures in infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(6):796–801. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.587919 Pereira-da-Silva L Virella D Monteiro I Gomes S Rodrigues P Serelha M et al Skin conductance indices discriminate nociceptive responses to acute stimuli from different heel prick procedures in infants J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 201225 6 796 801 10.3109/14767058.2011.58791921726181Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37Eriksson M, Storm H, Fremming A, Schollin J. Skin conductance compared to a combined behavioural and physiological pain measure in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97(1):27–30. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00586.x Eriksson M Storm H Fremming A Schollin J Skin conductance compared to a combined behavioural and physiological pain measure in newborn infants Acta Paediatr 200897 1 27–30 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00586.x18052991Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38Tristão RM, Garcia NV, de Jesus JAL, Tomaz C. COMFORT behaviour scale and skin conductance activity: What are they really measuring? Acta Paediatr. 2013;102(9):e402–6. doi: 10.1111/apa.12325 Tristão RM Garcia NV de Jesus JAL Tomaz C COMFORT behaviour scale and skin conductance activity: What are they really measuring? Acta Paediatr 2013102 9 e402 6 10.1111/apa.1232523782068Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39Dalal PG, Doheny KK, Klick L, Britcher S, Rebstock S, Bezinover D, et al. Analysis of acute pain scores and skin conductance measurements in infants. Early Hum Dev. 2013;89(3):153–8. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.008 Dalal PG Doheny KK Klick L Britcher S Rebstock S Bezinover D et al Analysis of acute pain scores and skin conductance measurements in infants Early Hum Dev 201389 3 153 8 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.00823046994Open DOISearch in Google Scholar