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Screening of Toxin Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from a Hospital Setting in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Cyprus

Tchamou M.F. Potindji
Tchamou M.F. Potindji
, 
Osaid A.A. Momani
Osaid A.A. Momani
, 
Bakare B. Omowumi
Bakare B. Omowumi
 und 
Buket Baddal
Buket Baddal
   | 12. Nov. 2022
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Article Category: Original Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 12. Nov. 2022
Seitenbereich: 491 - 497
Eingereicht: 23. Juni 2022
Akzeptiert: 29. Aug. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-042
Schlüsselwörter
© 2022 Tchamou M.F. Potindji et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Molecular detection of the nuc, mecA, exfA, exfB, tst and hla genes by single target PCR. PC – positive control, NC – negative control, M – 100 bp DNA ladder (Hibrigen) for mecA (533 bp) and tst (326 bp), 50 bp DNA ladder (Hibrigen) for nuc (270 bp), exfA (93 bp), exfB 226 bp) and hla (209 bp), bp – base pairs
Molecular detection of the nuc, mecA, exfA, exfB, tst and hla genes by single target PCR. PC – positive control, NC – negative control, M – 100 bp DNA ladder (Hibrigen) for mecA (533 bp) and tst (326 bp), 50 bp DNA ladder (Hibrigen) for nuc (270 bp), exfA (93 bp), exfB 226 bp) and hla (209 bp), bp – base pairs

Distribution of MRSA isolates according to the sample source.

Sample source n (%)
Abscess-wound 19 (25.0)
Blood 17 (22.4)
Nasal swab 13 (17.1)
Tracheal aspirate 13 (17.1)
Sputum   5 (6.6)
Urine   4 (5.3)
Catheter tip   3 (3.9)
Bronchioalveolar lavage   1 (1.3)
Urethral swab   1 (1.3)
Total 76 (100)

Distribution of MRSA isolates according to age, gender, and admission status.

Demographic data n (%) p-value
Age groups
Under 15 2 (2.6) < 0.005
15–44 16 (21.1)
45–64 22 (28.9)
65 and above 36 (47.4)
Gender
Male 44 (57.9) 0.107
Female 32 (42.1)
Admissions
Inpatients 57 (75) < 0.001
Outpatients 19 (25)

Oligonucleotides used in this study.

Target Sequence (from 5’ to 3’) Product size (bp) Annealing temp. (°C) Reference
mecA
Forward AAAATCGATGGTAAAGGTTGGC 533 55 Kot et al. 2020
Reverse AGTTCTGCAGTACCGGATTTGC
nuc
Forward GCGATTGATGGTGATACGGTT 279 55 Amin et al. 2020
Reverse AGCCAAGCCTTGACGAACTAAAGC
hla
Forward CTGATTACTATCCAAGAAATTCGATTG 209 57 Rasheed and Hussein 2020
Reverse CTTTCCAGCCTACTTTTTTATCAGT
eta
Forward GCAGGTGTTGATTTAGCATT 93 58 Rasheed and Hussein 2020
Reverse AGATGTCCCTATTTTTGCTG
etb
Forward ACAAGCAAAAGAATACAGCG
Reverse GTTTTTGGCTGCTTCTCTTG 226 50 Rasheed and Hussein 2020
etd
Forward AACTATCATGTATCAAGG 376 47 Liu et al. 2018
Reverse CAGAATTTCCCGACTCAG
tst
Forward ACCCCTGTTCCCTTATCATC
Reverse TTTTCAGTATTTGTAACGCC 326 57 Rasheed and Hussein 2020

Distribution of MRSA isolates according to the hospital department.

Department n (%)
Cardiology 14 (18.4)
Pulmonary infections 10 (13.2)
Infectious diseases 10 (13.2)
Anesthesiology   7 (9.2)
Orthopedics and traumatology   6 (7.9)
Cardiovascular surgery   5 (6.6)
General surgery   5 (6.6)
Dermatology   4 (5.3)
Neurosurgery   4 (5.3)
Brain surgery   2 (2.6)
Gastroenterology   2 (2.6)
Intensive care unit   2 (2.6)
Dialysis   1 (1.3)
Neurology   1 (1.3)
Pediatrics   1 (1.3)
Plastic surgery   1 (1.3)
Urology   1 (1.3)
Total 76 (100)
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