Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Opportunistic Candida Infections in Critical COVID-19 Patients


Zitieren

Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, Nguyen MH, Hedayati MT, Netea MG, Perlin DS, Hoenigl M. COVID-19-associated candidiasis (CAC): An underestimated complication in the absence of ımmunological predispositions? J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Oct 8;6(4):211. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040211 Arastehfar A Carvalho A Nguyen MH Hedayati MT Netea MG Perlin DS Hoenigl M COVID-19-associated candidiasis (CAC): An underestimated complication in the absence of ımmunological predispositions? J Fungi (Basel) 2020 Oct 864211 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof604021110.3390/jof6040211771298733050019Search in Google Scholar

Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, van de Veerdonk FL, Jenks JD, Koehler P, Krause R, Cornely OA, S Perlin D, Lass-Flörl C, Hoenigl M. COVID- 19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) – from immunology to treatment. J Fungi (Basel). 2020a;6(2):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6020091 Arastehfar A Carvalho A van de Veerdonk FL Jenks JD Koehler P Krause R Cornely OA S Perlin D Lass-Flörl C Hoenigl M COVID- 19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) – from immunology to treatment J Fungi (Basel) 2020a6291 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof602009110.3390/jof6020091734600032599813Search in Google Scholar

Arastehfar A, Shaban T, Zarrinfar H, Roudbary M, Ghazanfari M, Hedayati MT, Sedaghat A, Ilkit M, Najafzadeh MJ, Perlin DS. Candidemia among Iranian patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICUs. J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Apr 08;7(4):280. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040280 Arastehfar A Shaban T Zarrinfar H Roudbary M Ghazanfari M Hedayati MT Sedaghat A Ilkit M Najafzadeh MJ Perlin DS Candidemia among Iranian patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICUs J Fungi (Basel) 2021 Apr 0874280 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof704028010.3390/jof7040280806836333917967Search in Google Scholar

Bastos GAN, Azambuja AZ, Polanczyk CA, Gräf DD, Zorzo IW, Maccari JG, Haygert LS, Nasi LA, Gazzana MB, Bessel M, et al. Clinical characteristics and predictors of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID- 19 hospitalized in Southern Brazil. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2020 Oct-Dec;32(4):487–492. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20200082 Bastos GAN Azambuja AZ Polanczyk CA Gräf DD Zorzo IW Maccari JG Haygert LS Nasi LA Gazzana MB Bessel M et al Clinical characteristics and predictors of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID- 19 hospitalized in Southern Brazil Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2020 Oct-Dec324487 492 https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.2020008210.5935/0103-507X.20200082785367333263703Search in Google Scholar

Binelli CA, Moretti ML, Assis RS, Sauaia N, Menezes PR, Ribeiro E, Geiger DCP, Mikami Y, Miyaji M, Oliveira MS, et al. Investigation of the possible association between nosocomial candiduria and candidaemia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 Jun;12(6):538–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01435.x Binelli CA Moretti ML Assis RS Sauaia N Menezes PR Ribeiro E Geiger DCP Mikami Y Miyaji M Oliveira MS et al Investigation of the possible association between nosocomial candiduria and candidaemia Clin Microbiol Infect 2006 Jun126538 543 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01435.x10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01435.x16700702Search in Google Scholar

Bishburg E, Okoh A, Nagarakanti SR, Lindner M, Migliore C, Patel P. Fungemia in COVID- 19 ICU patients, a single medical center experience. J Med Virol. 2021 May;93(5):2810–2814. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26633 Bishburg E Okoh A Nagarakanti SR Lindner M Migliore C Patel P Fungemia in COVID- 19 ICU patients, a single medical center experience J Med Virol 2021 May9352810 2814 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.2663310.1002/jmv.2663333107617Search in Google Scholar

Chowdhary A, Tarai B, Singh A, Sharma A. Multidrug-resistant Candida auris infections in critically ill coronavirus disease patients, India, April–July 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Nov;26(11):2694–2696. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2611.203504 Chowdhary A Tarai B Singh A Sharma A Multidrug-resistant Candida auris infections in critically ill coronavirus disease patients, India, April–July 2020 Emerg Infect Dis 2020 Nov26112694 2696 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2611.20350410.3201/eid2611.203504758854732852265Search in Google Scholar

CLSI. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved standard – Third edition. CLSI document M27-A. Wayne (USA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008. CLSI. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved standard – Third edition. CLSI document M27-A Wayne (USA) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008Search in Google Scholar

Coşkun AS, Durmaz ŞÖ. Fungal infections in COVID- 19 intensive care patients. Pol J Microbiol. 2021 Sep 01;70(3):395–400. https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-039 Coşkun AS Durmaz ŞÖ Fungal infections in COVID- 19 intensive care patients Pol J Microbiol 2021 Sep 01703395 400 https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-03910.33073/pjm-2021-039845900134584533Search in Google Scholar

da Silva RB, Neves RP, Hinrichsen SL, de Lima-Neto RG. Candidemia in a public hospital in Northeastern Brazil: Epidemiological features and risk factors in critically ill patients. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2019 Oct-Dec;36(4):181–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2019.06.003 da Silva RB Neves RP Hinrichsen SL de Lima-Neto RG Candidemia in a public hospital in Northeastern Brazil: Epidemiological features and risk factors in critically ill patients Rev Iberoam Micol 2019 Oct-Dec364181 185 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2019.06.00310.1016/j.riam.2019.06.00331759839Search in Google Scholar

Drogari-Apiranthitou M, Anyfantis I, Galani I, Kanioura L, Daikos GL, Petrikkos G. Association between candiduria and candidemia: A clinical and molecular analysis of cases. Mycopathologia. 2017 Dec; 182(11–12):1045–1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-017-0180-2 Drogari-Apiranthitou M Anyfantis I Galani I Kanioura L Daikos GL Petrikkos G Association between candiduria and candidemia: A clinical and molecular analysis of cases Mycopathologia 2017 Dec 18211–121045 1052 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-017-0180-210.1007/s11046-017-0180-228744769Search in Google Scholar

Eggimann P, Que YA, Revelly JP, Pagani JL. Preventing invasive candida infections. Where could we do better? J Hosp Infect. 2015 Apr;89(4):302–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2014.11.006 Eggimann P Que YA Revelly JP Pagani JL Preventing invasive candida infections Where could we do better? J Hosp Infect 2015 Apr894302 308 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2014.11.00610.1016/j.jhin.2014.11.00625592726Search in Google Scholar

Esposito S, De Simone G, Boccia G, De Caro F, Pagliano P. Sepsis and septic shock: New definitions, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2017 Sep;10:204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2017.06.013 Esposito S De Simone G Boccia G De Caro F Pagliano P Sepsis and septic shock: New definitions, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017 Sep10204 212 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2017.06.01310.1016/j.jgar.2017.06.01328743646Search in Google Scholar

Jones AE, Trzeciak S, Kline JA. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for predicting outcome in patients with severe sepsis and evidence of hypoperfusion at the time of emergency department presentation. Crit Care Med. 2009 May;37(5):1649–1654. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819def97 Jones AE Trzeciak S Kline JA The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for predicting outcome in patients with severe sepsis and evidence of hypoperfusion at the time of emergency department presentation Crit Care Med 2009 May3751649 1654 https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819def9710.1097/CCM.0b013e31819def97270372219325482Search in Google Scholar

Kasper L, König A, Koenig PA, Gresnigt MS, Westman J, Drummond RA, Lionakis MS, Groß O, Ruland J, Naglik JR, et al. The fungal peptide toxin candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes. Nat Commun. 2018 Dec;9(1):4260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06607-1 Kasper L König A Koenig PA Gresnigt MS Westman J Drummond RA Lionakis MS Groß O Ruland J Naglik JR et al The fungal peptide toxin candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes Nat Commun 2018 Dec914260 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06607-110.1038/s41467-018-06607-1618914630323213Search in Google Scholar

Kauffman CA. Candiduria. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 15;41 Supplement_6:S371–S376. https://doi.org/10.1086/430918 Kauffman CA Candiduria Clin Infect Dis 2005 Sep 15;41 Supplement_6:S371–S376 https://doi.org/10.1086/43091810.1086/43091816108001Search in Google Scholar

Kayaaslan B, Eser F, Kaya Kalem A, Bilgic Z, Asilturk D, Hasanoglu I, Ayhan M, Tezer Tekce Y, Erdem D, Turan S, et al. Characteristics of candidemia in COVID‐19 patients; increased incidence, earlier occurrence and higher mortality rates compared to non‐COVID‐19 patients. Mycoses. 2021 Sep;64(9):1083–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13332 Kayaaslan B Eser F Kaya Kalem A Bilgic Z Asilturk D Hasanoglu I Ayhan M Tezer Tekce Y Erdem D Turan S et al Characteristics of candidemia in COVID‐19 patients; increased incidence, earlier occurrence and higher mortality rates compared to non‐COVID‐19 patients Mycoses 2021 Sep6491083 1091 https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.1333210.1111/myc.13332824276934085319Search in Google Scholar

Kayaaslan B, Kaya Kalem A, Asilturk D, Kaplan B, Dönertas G, Hasanoglu I, Eser F, Korkmazer R, Oktay Z, Ozkocak Turan I, et al. Incidence and risk factors for COVID‐19 associated candidemia (CAC) in ICU patients. Mycoses. 2022 May;65(5):508–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13431 Kayaaslan B Kaya Kalem A Asilturk D Kaplan B Dönertas G Hasanoglu I Eser F Korkmazer R Oktay Z Ozkocak Turan I et al Incidence and risk factors for COVID‐19 associated candidemia (CAC) in ICU patients Mycoses 2022 May655508 516 https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.1343110.1111/myc.13431911526935156742Search in Google Scholar

Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985; 13(10):818–829. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009 Knaus WA Draper EA Wagner DP Zimmerman JE APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system Crit Care Med 1985 1310818 829 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198510000-0000910.1097/00003246-198510000-00009Search in Google Scholar

Kokkoris S, Papachatzakis I, Gavrielatou E, Ntaidou T, Ischaki E, |Malachias S, Vrettou C, Nichlos C, Kanavou A, Zervakis D, et al. ICU-acquired bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Jan;107:95–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.009 Kokkoris S Papachatzakis I Gavrielatou E Ntaidou T Ischaki E |Malachias S Vrettou C Nichlos C Kanavou A Zervakis D et al ICU-acquired bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 J Hosp Infect 2021 Jan10795 97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.00910.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.009767192633217490Search in Google Scholar

Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Mar;55(3):105924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 Lai CC Shih TP Ko WC Tang HJ Hsueh PR Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020 Mar553105924 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.10592410.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924712780032081636Search in Google Scholar

Mastrangelo A, Germinario BN, Ferrante M, Frangi C, Li Voti R, Muccini C, Ripa M, Canetti D, Castiglioni B, Oltolini C, et al.; COVID-BioB Study Group. Candidemia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: Incidence and characteristics in a prospective cohort compared with historical Non-COVID-19 Controls. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 02;73(9):e2838–e2839. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1594 Mastrangelo A Germinario BN Ferrante M Frangi C Li Voti R Muccini C Ripa M Canetti D Castiglioni B Oltolini C et al COVID-BioB Study Group. Candidemia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: Incidence and characteristics in a prospective cohort compared with historical Non-COVID-19 Controls Clin Infect Dis 2021 Nov 02;739e2838 e2839 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa159410.1093/cid/ciaa1594766542333124650Search in Google Scholar

Méan M, Marchetti O, Calandra T. Bench-to-bedside review: Candida infections in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2008;12(1):204. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc6212 Méan M Marchetti O Calandra T Bench-to-bedside review: Candida infections in the intensive care unit Crit Care 2008121204 https://doi.org/10.1186/cc621210.1186/cc6212237459018279532Search in Google Scholar

Mermutluoglu C, Deveci O, Dayan S, Aslan E, Bozkurt F, Tekin R. Antifungal susceptibility and risk factors in patients with candidemia. Eurasian J Med. 2016 Jan 19;48(3):199–203. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianmed.2016.0021 Mermutluoglu C Deveci O Dayan S Aslan E Bozkurt F Tekin R Antifungal susceptibility and risk factors in patients with candidemia Eurasian J Med 2016 Jan 19483199 203 https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianmed.2016.002110.5152/eurasianmed.2016.0021526860328149146Search in Google Scholar

Niyas VK, Rahulan SD, Arjun R, Sasidharan A. ICU-acquired candidemia in COVID-19 patients: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, South India. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021 Oct;25(10):1207–1208. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23980 Niyas VK Rahulan SD Arjun R Sasidharan A ICU-acquired candidemia in COVID-19 patients: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, South India Indian J Crit Care Med 2021 Oct25101207 1208 https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-2398010.5005/jp-journals-10071-23980864582534916760Search in Google Scholar

Nucci M, Barreiros G, Guimarães LF, Deriquehem VAS, Castiñeiras AC, Nouér SA. Increased incidence of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital with the COVID‐19 pandemic. Mycoses. 2021 Feb; 64(2):152–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13225 Nucci M Barreiros G Guimarães LF Deriquehem VAS Castiñeiras AC Nouér SA Increased incidence of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital with the COVID‐19 pandemic Mycoses 2021 Feb 642152 156 https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.1322510.1111/myc.13225775349433275821Search in Google Scholar

Omrani AS, Koleri J, Ben Abid F, Daghfel J, Odaippurath T, Peediyakkal MZ, Baiou A, Sarsak E, Elayana M, Kaleeckal A, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19-associated Candidemia. Med Mycol. 2021 Dec 03;59(12):1262–1266. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myab056 Omrani AS Koleri J Ben Abid F Daghfel J Odaippurath T Peediyakkal MZ Baiou A Sarsak E Elayana M Kaleeckal A et al Clinical characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19-associated Candidemia Med Mycol 2021 Dec 0359121262 1266 https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myab05610.1093/mmy/myab05634625808Search in Google Scholar

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Reboli AC, Schuster MG, Vazquez JA, Walsh TJ, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1–e50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ933 Pappas PG Kauffman CA Andes DR Clancy CJ Marr KA Ostrosky-Zeichner L Reboli AC Schuster MG Vazquez JA Walsh TJ et al Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of America Clin Infect Dis 2016 Feb 15624e1 e50 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ93310.1093/cid/civ933472538526679628Search in Google Scholar

Rawson TM, Moore LSP, Zhu N, Ranganathan N, Skolimowska K, Gilchrist M, Satta G, Cooke G, Holmes A. Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus: A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 01;71(9):2459–2468. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa530 Rawson TM Moore LSP Zhu N Ranganathan N Skolimowska K Gilchrist M Satta G Cooke G Holmes A Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus: A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing Clin Infect Dis 2020 Nov 017192459 2468 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa53010.1093/cid/ciaa530719759632358954Search in Google Scholar

Revankar SG, Hasan MS, Revankar VS, Sobel JD. Long-term follow-up of patients with candiduria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011 Feb;30(2):137–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-010-1061-5 Revankar SG Hasan MS Revankar VS Sobel JD Long-term follow-up of patients with candiduria Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011 Feb302137 140 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-010-1061-510.1007/s10096-010-1061-520857164Search in Google Scholar

Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Puozzo A, Govoni M, Foschi V, Lanza G, Gafà R, Gaboriaud P, Touzé FA, Selvatici R, et al. Merkel cell carcinomas arising in autoimmune disease affected patients treated with biologic drugs, including anti-TNF. Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jul 15;23(14):3929–3934. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2899 Rotondo JC Bononi I Puozzo A Govoni M Foschi V Lanza G Gafà R Gaboriaud P Touzé FA Selvatici R et al Merkel cell carcinomas arising in autoimmune disease affected patients treated with biologic drugs, including anti-TNF Clin Cancer Res 2017 Jul 1523143929 3934 https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-289910.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-289928174236Search in Google Scholar

Saha A, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Sharma G, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Tocilizumab: A therapeutic option for the treatment of cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19. Arch Med Res. 2020 Aug;51(6):595–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.009 Saha A Sharma AR Bhattacharya M Sharma G Lee SS Chakraborty C Tocilizumab: A therapeutic option for the treatment of cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 Arch Med Res 2020 Aug516595 597 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.00910.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.009724137432482373Search in Google Scholar

Seagle EE, Jackson BR, Lockhart SR, Georgacopoulos O, Nunnally NS, Roland J, Barter DM, Johnston HL, Czaja CA, Kayalioglu H, et al. The landscape of candidemia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 09;74(5):802–811. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab562 Seagle EE Jackson BR Lockhart SR Georgacopoulos O Nunnally NS Roland J Barter DM Johnston HL Czaja CA Kayalioglu H et al The landscape of candidemia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Clin Infect Dis 2022 Mar 09745802 811 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab56210.1093/cid/ciab56234145450Search in Google Scholar

Segrelles-Calvo G, de S Araújo GR, Llopis-Pastor E, Carrillo J, Hernández-Hernández M, Rey L, Melean NR, Escribano I, Antón E, Zamarro C, et al. Candida spp. co-infection in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia: Prevalence study and associated risk factors. Respir Med. 2021 Nov;188:106619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106619 Segrelles-Calvo G de S Araújo GR Llopis-Pastor E Carrillo J Hernández-Hernández M Rey L Melean NR Escribano I Antón E Zamarro C et al Candida spp co-infection in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia: Prevalence study and associated risk factors. Respir Med 2021 Nov188106619 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.10661910.1016/j.rmed.2021.106619844575934555702Search in Google Scholar

Vallabhaneni S, Chiller TM. Fungal infections and new biologic therapies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016 May; 18(5):29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-016-0572-1 Vallabhaneni S Chiller TM Fungal infections and new biologic therapies Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016 May 18529 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-016-0572-110.1007/s11926-016-0572-127032792Search in Google Scholar

van Paassen J, Vos JS, Hoekstra EM, Neumann KMI, Boot PC, Arbous SM. Corticosteroid use in COVID- 19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical outcomes. Crit Care. 2020 Dec; 24(1):696. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03400-9 van Paassen J Vos JS Hoekstra EM Neumann KMI Boot PC Arbous SM Corticosteroid use in COVID- 19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical outcomes Crit Care 2020 Dec 241696 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03400-910.1186/s13054-020-03400-9773517733317589Search in Google Scholar

Villanueva-Lozano H, Treviño-Rangel RJ, González GM, Ramírez-Elizondo MT, Lara-Medrano R, Aleman-Bocanegra MC, Guajardo-Lara CE, Gaona-Chávez N, Castilleja-Leal F, Torre-Amione G, et al. Outbreak of Candida auris infection in a COVID- 19 hospital in Mexico. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 May;27(5):813–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.030 Villanueva-Lozano H Treviño-Rangel RJ González GM Ramírez-Elizondo MT Lara-Medrano R Aleman-Bocanegra MC Guajardo-Lara CE Gaona-Chávez N Castilleja-Leal F Torre-Amione G et al Outbreak of Candida auris infection in a COVID- 19 hospital in Mexico Clin Microbiol Infect 2021 May275813 816 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.03010.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.030783565733429028Search in Google Scholar

Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent SM, Seifert H, Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):309–317. https://doi.org/10.1086/421946 Wisplinghoff H Bischoff T Tallent SM Seifert H Wenzel RP Edmond MB Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study Clin Infect Dis 2004 Aug 1393309 317 https://doi.org/10.1086/42194610.1086/42194615306996Search in Google Scholar

Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID- 19: Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May;55(5):105954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954 Zhang C Wu Z Li JW Zhao H Wang GQ Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID- 19: Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020 May555105954 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.10595410.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954711863432234467Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2544-4646
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
4 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, Mikrobiologie und Virologie