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Role of MicroRNA-Like RNAs in the Regulation of Spore Morphological Differences in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium acridum

Erhao Zhang
Erhao Zhang
, 
Jie Zhang
Jie Zhang
, 
Rundong Zhao
Rundong Zhao
, 
Yazhou Lu
Yazhou Lu
, 
Xiu Yin
Xiu Yin
, 
Xiaozhong Lan
Xiaozhong Lan
 und 
Zhang Luo
Zhang Luo
   | 24. Sept. 2022
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Article Category: Original Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 24. Sept. 2022
Seitenbereich: 309 - 324
Eingereicht: 07. März 2022
Akzeptiert: 01. Juli 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-028
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© 2022 Erhao Zhang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Overview of mRNA expression profiles and DEGs in BS and CO.A) The gene expression distribution. B) The DEGs in BS and CO, significantly downregulated genes, and upregulated genes are identified with |log2FC| ≥ 1 and p-values ≤ 0.05.
Overview of mRNA expression profiles and DEGs in BS and CO.A) The gene expression distribution. B) The DEGs in BS and CO, significantly downregulated genes, and upregulated genes are identified with |log2FC| ≥ 1 and p-values ≤ 0.05.

Fig. 1

Overview of mRNA expression profiles and DEGs in BS and CO.C) Heatmap of Pearson correlations of the expression levels among samples.
Overview of mRNA expression profiles and DEGs in BS and CO.C) Heatmap of Pearson correlations of the expression levels among samples.

Fig. 2

Functional analysis of the DEGs.A) Gene ontology analysis.
Functional analysis of the DEGs.A) Gene ontology analysis.

Fig. 2

Functional analysis of the DEGs.KEGG pathway classification of DEGs in BS and CO.
Functional analysis of the DEGs.KEGG pathway classification of DEGs in BS and CO.

Fig. 2

Functional analysis of the DEGs.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs in BS and CO. The abscissa represented the enrichment score. A more significant enrichment score indicates a greater degree of enrichment. The p-value indicates the significantly enriched, and the size of the circle indicates the number of the target genes.
Functional analysis of the DEGs.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs in BS and CO. The abscissa represented the enrichment score. A more significant enrichment score indicates a greater degree of enrichment. The p-value indicates the significantly enriched, and the size of the circle indicates the number of the target genes.

Fig. 3

Overview of the differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) in BS and CO.A) and B) The DEMs distribution.
Overview of the differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) in BS and CO.A) and B) The DEMs distribution.

Fig. 3

Overview of the differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) in BS and CO.C) The length distribution of milRNAs in six libraries.
Overview of the differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) in BS and CO.C) The length distribution of milRNAs in six libraries.

Fig. 4

GO classification analysis of the target genes of milRNAs between BS and CO in M. acridum.
GO classification analysis of the target genes of milRNAs between BS and CO in M. acridum.

Fig. 5

KEGG enrichment analysis of the target genes of milRNAs between BS and CO in M. acridum. The abscissa represented the enrichment score. A more significant enrichment score indicates a greater degree of enrichment. The p-value indicates the significantly enriched, and the size of the circle indicates the number of the target genes.
KEGG enrichment analysis of the target genes of milRNAs between BS and CO in M. acridum. The abscissa represented the enrichment score. A more significant enrichment score indicates a greater degree of enrichment. The p-value indicates the significantly enriched, and the size of the circle indicates the number of the target genes.

Fig. 6

The relations of the differentially expressed milRNAs and target genes. The color indicated a differentially expressed levels in BS vs. CO for milRNAs and target genes: red indicates upregulated and blue indicates downregulated.
The relations of the differentially expressed milRNAs and target genes. The color indicated a differentially expressed levels in BS vs. CO for milRNAs and target genes: red indicates upregulated and blue indicates downregulated.

Fig. 7

Real-time PCR validation of several DEMs and DEGs.
Real-time PCR validation of several DEMs and DEGs.

Summary of mRNA sequencing reads from BS and CO in M. acridum.

Treatment Raw reads Clean reads Clean bases Q30 (%) GC (%) Mapped reads
BS1 98,843,641 95,572,956 14.02G 94.06% 47.09% 67,073,032 (70.18%)
BS2 98,842,417 95,807,416 14.02G 94.30% 46.33% 63,815,312 (66.61%)
BS3 98,841,869 95,719,538 13.98G 94.28% 45.60% 62,158,068 (64.94%)
CO1 91,944,126 90,288,984 13.30G 95.74% 48.16% 68,087,397 (75.41%)
CO2 98,843,196 97,087,780 14.31G 95.79% 47.56% 71,191,515 (73.33%)
CO3 94,432,568 92,631,328 13.62G 95.68% 46.99% 666,88,341 (71.99%)

Summary of small RNA sequencing and annotation from BS and CO in M. acridum.

BS1 BS2 BS3 CO1 CO2 CO3
Raw reads 13,988,897 11,502,145 12,788,571 14,441,950 14,456,831 14,449,135
Clean reads 11,994,110 10,092,323 10,846,886 10,825,978 12232,894 11,080,402
Mapped sRNA reads 5,691,210 4,397,198 4,929,924 5,365,353 5,761,415 5,133,510
Known milRNA numbers 828 825 765 1,441 1,479 798
Novel milRNA numbers 23 16 19 12 14 14
rRNA numbers 8,775 9,271 5,949 9,275 5,224 7,396
tRNA numbers 1,584 1,515 1,325 1,739 977 1,180
snRNA numbers 24,078 17,117 20,740 25,581 10,368 1,5410
Cis-reg numbers 6,425 3,662 4,141 6,507 5,228 4,408
Other Rfam RNA numbers 8,846 8,065 11,414 12,470 8,706 8,757
Unannotation reads 10,495,519 9,025,652 9,407,612 9096,962 11,074,942 9,625,519
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