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Enhancing the Efficiency of Soybean Inoculant for Nodulation under Multi-Environmental Stress Conditions

JENJIRA WONGDEE
JENJIRA WONGDEE
, 
WATCHARIN YUTTAVANICHAKUL
WATCHARIN YUTTAVANICHAKUL
, 
APHAKORN LONGTHONGLANG
APHAKORN LONGTHONGLANG
, 
KAMONLUCK TEAMTISONG
KAMONLUCK TEAMTISONG
, 
NANTAKORN BOONKERD
NANTAKORN BOONKERD
, 
NEUNG TEAUMROONG
NEUNG TEAUMROONG
 und 
PANLADA TITTABUTR
PANLADA TITTABUTR
   | 06. Dez. 2021
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Article Category: original-paper
Online veröffentlicht: 06. Dez. 2021
Seitenbereich: 257 - 271
Eingereicht: 29. Okt. 2020
Akzeptiert: 23. Mai 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-024
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Jenjira Wongdee et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Symbiotic efficiency of stress-tolerant Bradyrhizobium strains grown in soybean in Leonard’s jars containing the sand under stress conditions. The Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA activity) was applied to determine the nitrogenase activity of plants inoculated with different bacterial strains under normal and stress conditions (a). The plant dry weight of non-inoculated and inoculated plants (b) and nodule dry weight per plant (c) were measured, and the nodule numbers were counted per plant (d). Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates; for each parameter under the same condition, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.
Symbiotic efficiency of stress-tolerant Bradyrhizobium strains grown in soybean in Leonard’s jars containing the sand under stress conditions. The Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA activity) was applied to determine the nitrogenase activity of plants inoculated with different bacterial strains under normal and stress conditions (a). The plant dry weight of non-inoculated and inoculated plants (b) and nodule dry weight per plant (c) were measured, and the nodule numbers were counted per plant (d). Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates; for each parameter under the same condition, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.

Fig. 2.

Nodulation competition of Bradyrhizobium strains USDA 110 and isolate 194 in soybean grown in Leonard jars containing the sterilized sand under different stress conditions. Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and values in each condition with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.
Nodulation competition of Bradyrhizobium strains USDA 110 and isolate 194 in soybean grown in Leonard jars containing the sterilized sand under different stress conditions. Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and values in each condition with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.

Fig. 3.

Accumulation of intracellular sugars in isolate 194 cultured in minimal broth medium (MSM) supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose under different conditions and the number of viable cells at 10 DAI (days after inoculation). Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of the difference in the means between the two data sets of viable cells in each condition.
Accumulation of intracellular sugars in isolate 194 cultured in minimal broth medium (MSM) supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose under different conditions and the number of viable cells at 10 DAI (days after inoculation). Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of the difference in the means between the two data sets of viable cells in each condition.

Fig. 4.

Survival of isolate 194 supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose in the sand under different stress conditions at 2 DAI (days after inoculation). Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and in each condition, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.
Survival of isolate 194 supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose in the sand under different stress conditions at 2 DAI (days after inoculation). Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and in each condition, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.

Fig. 5.

Symbiotic efficiency of stress-tolerant Bradyrhizobium inoculants supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose on soybean grown in Leonard jars containing the sterilized sand under different stress conditions. Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and in each condition, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.
Symbiotic efficiency of stress-tolerant Bradyrhizobium inoculants supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose on soybean grown in Leonard jars containing the sterilized sand under different stress conditions. Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and in each condition, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.

Fig. 6.

Symbiotic efficiency of isolate 194 inoculants supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose in soybean grown in different soil types. Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and in each soil sample, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.
Symbiotic efficiency of isolate 194 inoculants supplemented with and without 300 mM sucrose in soybean grown in different soil types. Means and standard deviations were calculated from three replicates, and in each soil sample, values with different letters were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.

Characterization of the plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties of USDA110 and isolate 194.

PGP propertiesUSDA110Isolate 194
EPS production (mg/100 ml)6b ± 1.259a ± 1.45
ACC deaminase (µmol α-ketobutyrate/mg protein/h)0.74b ± 0.051.10a ± 0.05
P-solubilizationnono
IAA production (µg/ml)
Normal condition0.015b ± 0.0020.030a ± 0.004
Acidity0.007b ± 0.0000.010a ± 0.001
Drought0.009b ± 0.0010.020a ± 0.002
High temperature0.006b ± 0.0000.013a ± 0.000
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