Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistance in Tap Water Strains – Insight into the Resistance of Environmental Bacteria
, und | 19. März 2021
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Article Category: original-paper
Online veröffentlicht: 19. März 2021
Seitenbereich: 57 - 67
Eingereicht: 24. Okt. 2020
Akzeptiert: 11. Jan. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-004
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Agata Siedlecka et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Results of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility testing.
| Strain No. | Aminopenicillins | Monobactams | Carbapenems | Fluoroquinolones | Cephalosporins | Tetracyclines | Glyco-peptides | Aminoglycosides | Sulfonamides | Macrolides | Others | Total | Disinfectants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM | ATM | ETP | IMP | MEM | OFX | CTX | FEP | DO | T | VA | CN | S | SXT | E | RA | C | PB | Cl2 | D | ||
| 1 | • | • | • | • | • | 5 | • | • | |||||||||||||
| 2 | • | • | 2 | • | • | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 | • | 1 | • | • | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 7 | • | • | |||||||||||
| 5 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 8 | • | • | ||||||||||
| 6 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 9 | • | • | |||||||||
| 7 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 8 | • | • | ||||||||||
| 8 | • | • | • | • | • | • | 6 | • | • | ||||||||||||
| 9 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 9 | • | • | |||||||||
| 10 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 12 | • | • | ||||||
| 11 | • | 1 | • | ||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | • | • | • | • | • | 5 | • | • | |||||||||||||
| 13 | • | • | • | • | • | • | 6 | • | • | ||||||||||||
| 14 | • | • | • | • | 4 | • | • | ||||||||||||||
| 15 | • | • | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | • | • | • | • | 4 | • | • | ||||||||||||||
| 17 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 7 | • | • | |||||||||||
| 18 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | • | 1 | • | ||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | • | • | • | • | 4 | • | • | ||||||||||||||
| 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | • | • | • | • | 4 | • | • | ||||||||||||||
| 23 | 0 | • | |||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 12 | • | |||||||
| Total | 11 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 6 | |||
Results of molecular identification of strains, % identity of sequence with the reference sequence in the BLAST database, accession No. of the reference sequence.
| Strain No. | Origin | Identification | % Identity | Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MD4VII(AML) | 91.28% | MK095762.1 | |
| 2 | MD4VII(CIP) | 100.00% | KM114964.1 | |
| 3 | NGIVIII(CAZ) | 99.55% | LN613126.1 | |
| 4 | NG1VIII(AML) | 99.84% | CP048751.1 | |
| 5 | NG2VIII(CIP) | 99.23% | KY078833.1 | |
| 6 | NG4VIII(CIP) | 99.69% | HM191725.1 | |
| 7 | NG4VIII(AML) | 99.77% | HM191725.1 | |
| 8 | MD2VIII(CIP) | 98.78% | MK271730.1 | |
| 9 | MD4VIII(CIP) | 99.70% | MT542332.1 | |
| 10 | MD4VIII(TE) | 99.54% | MK402948.2 | |
| 11 | MD4VIII(CIP) | 99.69% | MF101018.1 | |
| 12 | NG1I(AML) | 99.69% | CP048751.1 | |
| 13 | NG1I(CAZ) | 99.84% | CP048751.1 | |
| 14 | NG2I(CAZ) | 99.85% | MT355847.1 | |
| 15 | NG2I(CAZ) | 98.92% | MK696981.3 | |
| 16 | NG3I(AML) | 99.39% | KT826375.1 | |
| 17 | NG4I(AML) | 100% | EF660750.1 | |
| 18 | NG4I(CAZ) | 99.32% | JQ977667.1 | |
| 19 | MD1I(CAZ) | 95.24% | MG651160.1 | |
| 20 | MD3I(AML) | 94.86% | KT826375.1 | |
| 21 | MD4I(CIP) | 97.92% | KM252977.1 | |
| 22 | NG1II(CIP) | 99.92% | CP045456.1 | |
| 23 | NG3II(CAZ) | 100% | LN613126.1 | |
| 24 | MD3II(CAZ) | 91.84% | HM327817.1 |
Results of MIC testing (gg/ml).
| Strain No. | AML | AMC | CIP | CAZ | CZA | TE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | > 256 | 0.75 | – | 32 | 0.75 | – |
| 2 | 10 | < 0.016 | – | 32 | 32 | – |
| 3 | 10 | 0.25 | – | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 4 | > 256 | 2 | 4 | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 5 | 16 | 0.5 | > 32 | > 256 | < 0.016 | – |
| 6 | 96 | 1.5 | 12 | 10 | < 0.016 | – |
| 7 | 24 | 8 | 4 | – | – | – |
| 8 | 10 | 0.047 | > 32 | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 9 | – | – | 6 | > 256 | > 256 | 24 |
| 10 | 64 | 4 | – | > 256 | > 256 | > 256 |
| 11 | – | – | – | 10 | 0.38 | – |
| 12 | > 256 | 2 | – | 96 | 64 | – |
| 13 | > 256 | 1.5 | – | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 14 | 10 | 24 | – | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 15 | 10 | 0.5 | – | > 256 | 64 | – |
| 16 | > 256 | 1.5 | – | 10 | 4 | – |
| 17 | 32 | 24 | > 32 | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 18 | 10 | 0.5 | – | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 19 | – | – | – | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 20 | > 256 | 0.5 | – | 10 | 1 | – |
| 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 22 | 10 | 0.125 | 4 | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 23 | 12 | 1 | – | > 256 | > 256 | – |
| 24 | > 256 | 24 | > 32 | > 256 | > 256 | – |
R2A media supplementation for the cultivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) (Siedlecka et al. 2020a; 2020b).
| Antibiotic (abbreviation, final concentration) | ARB |
|---|---|
| Amoxicillin (AML, 8 mg/1) | Bacteria resistant to β-lactams |
| Ciprofloxacin (CIP, 2 mg/1) | Bacteria resistant to fluoroquinolones |
| Ceftazidime (CAZ, 8 mg/1) | Bacteria resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins |
| Tetracycline (TE, 16 mg/1) | Bacteria resistant to tetracyclines |