Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Effect of touristic activities on seabirds’ habitat selection on sandy beaches

Leonardo Costa
Leonardo Costa
, 
Danilo Freitas Rangel
Danilo Freitas Rangel
 und 
Ilana Zalmon
Ilana Zalmon
   | 09. Okt. 2023
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Article Category: Original research paper
Online veröffentlicht: 09. Okt. 2023
Seitenbereich: 287 - 298
Eingereicht: 24. Feb. 2023
Akzeptiert: 12. Juni 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.3.03
© 2023 Leonardo Costa et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Map of the study area showing the high impact (HI), moderate impact (MI), and low impact (LI) sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. The Ilha dos Franceses island (red square) is a nesting area for the brown booby Sula leucogaster.
Map of the study area showing the high impact (HI), moderate impact (MI), and low impact (LI) sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. The Ilha dos Franceses island (red square) is a nesting area for the brown booby Sula leucogaster.

Figure 2

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showing the abiotic and biotic characterization of the high, moderate, and low impact sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. Wv = wave height; T = water temperature; Hm = number of people; Sw = swash width; St = swash time; Fs = abundance of fish in the surf zone; Dg = number of domestic dogs; Ws = wind speed.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showing the abiotic and biotic characterization of the high, moderate, and low impact sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. Wv = wave height; T = water temperature; Hm = number of people; Sw = swash width; St = swash time; Fs = abundance of fish in the surf zone; Dg = number of domestic dogs; Ws = wind speed.

Figure 3

Number of species (A) and abundance of fish (B) in the surf zone of the high impact (HI), moderate impact (MI), and low impact (LI) sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. The dispersed points represent trawls carried out twice during the high tourist season and twice again during the low season; the larger point within the box represents the mean values; the line within the box represents the median; the box represents the interquartile intervals.
Number of species (A) and abundance of fish (B) in the surf zone of the high impact (HI), moderate impact (MI), and low impact (LI) sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. The dispersed points represent trawls carried out twice during the high tourist season and twice again during the low season; the larger point within the box represents the mean values; the line within the box represents the median; the box represents the interquartile intervals.

Figure 4

Number of foraging birds in the high impact (HI), moderate impact (MI), and low impact (LI) sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. A: Sula leucogaster; B: Larus dominicanus; C: Fregata magnificens; D: Sterna hirundinacea; E: Nannopterum brasilianus. The dispersed points represent approximated values of the counting of birds with foraging behaviours; the larger point within the box represents the mean values per sampling day; the line within the box represents the median; the box represents the interquartile intervals.
Number of foraging birds in the high impact (HI), moderate impact (MI), and low impact (LI) sectors in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil. A: Sula leucogaster; B: Larus dominicanus; C: Fregata magnificens; D: Sterna hirundinacea; E: Nannopterum brasilianus. The dispersed points represent approximated values of the counting of birds with foraging behaviours; the larger point within the box represents the mean values per sampling day; the line within the box represents the median; the box represents the interquartile intervals.

Figure 5

Relationship between the number of birds foraging in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil, and predictor variables. A: Sula leucogaster and humans; B: Sula leucogaster and wind speed; C: Larus dominicanus and swash width (m). The points represent the mean values per sampling campaign and sector (high impact, moderate impact, and low impact).
Relationship between the number of birds foraging in Praia Grande, southeastern Brazil, and predictor variables. A: Sula leucogaster and humans; B: Sula leucogaster and wind speed; C: Larus dominicanus and swash width (m). The points represent the mean values per sampling campaign and sector (high impact, moderate impact, and low impact).
eISSN:
1897-3191
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
4 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Chemie, andere, Geowissenschaften, Biologie
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