Use of Coontail as a Natural Phytoremediation Feed Additive for Common Carp
, 
und | 20. März 2023
und | 20. März 2023
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Article Category: Original research paper
Online veröffentlicht: 20. März 2023
Seitenbereich: 102 - 110
Eingereicht: 02. Dez. 2022
Akzeptiert: 05. Jan. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.08
© 2023 Ümmühan Kiziloğlu et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Carcass composition of common carp fed diets containing different levels of C. demersum
| Parameters | Units | Control | CM5 | CM10 | CM15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Protein | % | 16.55 ± 0.32b | 17.46 ± 0.25a | 17.21 ± 0.51a | 16.76 ± 0.25b |
| Crude Lipid | 9.68 ± 0.62a | 8.46 ± 0.55a | 6.59 ± 0.76b | 6.75 ± 0.45b | |
| Moisture | 71.86 ± 3.21 | 71.97 ± 1.55 | 74.19 ± 1.11 | 74.57 ± 2.25 | |
| Crude Ash | 1.91 ± 0.11 | 2.11 ± 0.20 | 2.01 ± 0.10 | 1.98 ± 0.9 |
Growth performance and feed utilization parameters of Common Carp fed experimental diets
| Parameters | Units | Control | CM5 | CM10 | CM15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Weight | g | 19.08 ± 0.13a | 18.88 ± 0.04a | 18.87 ± 0.06a | 18.73 ± 0.15a |
| Final Weight | 33.83 ± 0.07a | 33.42 ± 0.38a | 29.43 ± 1.70b | 27.30 ± 0.55b | |
| Weight Gain | 14.75 ± 0.12a | 14.54 ± 0.42a | 10.56 ± 1.65b | 8.56 ± 0.64b | |
| Weight Gain | % | 77.31 ± 1.03a | 77.01 ± 2.38a | 55.96 ± 8.62b | 45.76 ± 3.69b |
| SGR | 1.1 ± 0.00a | 1.09 ± 0.02a | 0.86 ± 0.09b | 0.71 ± 0.04b | |
| Daily feed intake | g fish−1 day−1 | 0.472 ± 0.006a | 0.476 ± 0.007a | 0.475 ± 0.005a | 0.450 ± 0.004b |
| FCR | 1.66 ± 0.03b | 1.70 ± 0.05b | 2.38 ± 0.25a | 2.75 ± 0.23a | |
| Feed Efficiency Value | 0.60 ± 0.01b | 0.58 ± 0.02b | 0.44 ± 0.04a | 0.36 ± 0.03a | |
| Protein efficiency rate | 1.75 ± 0.45 | 1.69 ± 0.61 | 1.22 ± 0.23 | 1.00 ± 0.35 | |
| Survival Rate | % | 97.77 ± 3.14a | 95.55 ± 3.14a | 95.55 ± 4.44a | 97.77 ± 3.14a |
Proximate composition and essential amino acid profile of feed ingredients in test diets
| Proximate Analysis | CDM |
SBM | FM | WM | WGM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry matter (% in an original matter) | 89.57 | 89 | 92 | 88 | 89 |
| Crude Protein | 15.78 | 44 | 65.4 | 11.7 | 80.7 |
| Crude Lipid | 1.80 | 1.5 | 7.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Crude Fibre | 18.61 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
| Ash | 18.96 | 6.3 | 14.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| NFE |
34.42 | 29.90 | 3.70 | 73.40 | 5.60 |
| Gross Energy (kJ g−1) |
10.22 | 15.83 | 18.58 | 15.74 | 20.10 |
| Calcium | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 0.14 |
| Phosphorus | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.26 |
| EAA (DM %) |
|||||
| Arginine | 0.45 | 3.23 | 3.68 | 0.86 | 3.80 |
| Histidine | 0.04 | 1.17 | 1.56 | 0.39 | 2.00 |
| Isoleucine | 0.70 | 1.99 | 3.06 | 0.51 | 3.70 |
| Leucine | 1.09 | 3.42 | 5.00 | 0.92 | 6.30 |
| Lysine | 0.95 | 2.83 | 5.11 | 0.58 | 4.90 |
| Methionine | 0.18 | 0.61 | 1.95 | 0.19 | 1.60 |
| Phenylalanine | 0.64 | 2.18 | 2.66 | 0.55 | 4.50 |
| Threonine | 0.70 | 1.73 | 2.82 | 0.46 | 1.60 |
| Tryptophan | — | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.25 | 1.05 |
| Valine | 0.76 | 2.40 | 3.51 | 0.69 | 4.00 |
Ingredients and proximate composition of the four experimental diets
| Ingredients (%) | Diets | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | CM5 | CM10 | CM15 | ||
| Fish Meal | 300 | 305 | 305 | 305 | |
| Soybean Meal | 360 | 342 | 324 | 306 | |
| Wheat Meal | 205 | 200 | 200 | 190 | |
| Fish Oil | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
| 0 | 18 | 36 | 54 | ||
| Wheat Gluten | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | |
| Vit-Min Mix | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
| Antioxidant | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| Proximate analysis (% DM) | |||||
| Dry matter | 90.55 | 90.92 | 90.91 | 91.02 | |
| Crude protein | 37.99 | 37.90 | 37.54 | 37.87 | |
| Crude lipid | 8.00 | 8.06 | 8.06 | 8.06 | |
| Crude Fibre | 1.19 | 1.94 | 2.63 | 3.79 | |
| Ash | 5.71 | 6.64 | 7.76 | 8.40 | |
| NFE |
36.66 | 36.38 | 34.92 | 32.90 | |
| Calcium | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.36 | |
| Phosphorus | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.26 | |
| Gross Energy (kJ g−1) |
18.46 | 18.03 | 17.70 | 17.43 | |
| EAA (g 100 g−1 DM) | |||||
| Amino Acids | Carp |
Control | CM5 | CM10 | CM15 |
| Arginine | 1.7 | 2.52 | 2.48 | 2.43 | 2.41 |
| Histidine | 0.8 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Isoleucine | 1.0 | 1.81 | 1.80 | 1.78 | 1.79 |
| Leucine | 1.5 | 3,05 | 3,02 | 2,98 | 2,99 |
| Lysine | 2.2 | 2.77 | 2.76 | 2.72 | 2.73 |
| Methionine | 0.3 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.88 |
| Phenylalanine | 1.3 | 1.79 | 1.77 | 1.74 | 1.75 |
| Threonine | 1.5 | 1.60 | 1.59 | 1.57 | 1.56 |
| Tryptophan | 0.3 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Valine | 1.4 | 2.14 | 2.12 | 2.09 | 2.10 |