Isolation and characterization of Cronobacter spp. from environmental and food resources

BARRON J.C., FORSYTHE S.J. (2007): Dry stress and survival time of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula. Journal of Food Protection 70: 2111-2117. 10.4315/0362-028X-70.9.2111Search in Google Scholar

BESSE N.G., LECLERCQ A., MALADEN V., TYBURSKI C., BERTRAND L. (2006): Evaluation of the international organization for standardization-International Dairy Federation (ISO-IDF) draft standard method for detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant food formulas. Journal of AOAC (Association of Offi cial Analytical Chemists) International 89 (5):1309-1316 Search in Google Scholar

ČSN P ISO/TS 22964. (2006): Milk and milk products- Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii. Czech Standards Institute. Search in Google Scholar

FARMER J.J., ASBURY M.A., HICKMAN F.W., BRENNER D.J. (1980): Enterobacter sakazakii: A new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30: 569 - 584. 10.1099/00207713-30-3-569Search in Google Scholar

FORSYTHE S.J. (2005): Enterobacter sakazakii and other bacteria in powdered infant milk formula. Maternal Child Nutrition 1(1): 44-50. 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2004.00008.xSearch in Google Scholar

FORSYTHE S. J. (2010): Cronobacter species. Culture 31(1): 1-8. Ed.: Oxoid Ltd. ISSN 0965-0989 Search in Google Scholar

FRIEDEMANN M. (2007): Enterobacter sakazakii in food and beverages (other than infant formula and milk powder). International Journal of Food Microbiology 116: 1-10. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.018Search in Google Scholar

GURTLER J.B., KORNACKI J.L., BEUCHAT L.R. (2005): Enterobacter sakazakii: A coliform of increased concern to infant health. International Journal of Food Microbiology 104: 1-34. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.02.013Search in Google Scholar

HASSAN A.A., AKINEDEN O., KRESS C., ESTUNINGSIH S., SCHNEIDER E., USLEBER E. (2007): Characterization of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA of Enterobactersakazakii and development of a species-specifi c PCR method. International Journal of Food Microbiology 116: 214-220. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.011Search in Google Scholar

IVERSEN C., FORSYTHE S.J. (2004): Isolation of Enterobactersakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae from powdered infant milk and related products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 21: 771-777. 10.1016/j.fm.2004.01.009Search in Google Scholar

IVERSEN C., FORSYTHE S. (2003): Risk profi le of Enterobacter sakazakii, an emergent pathogen associated with infant milk formula. Trends in Food Science Technology 14: 443-454. 10.1016/S0924-2244(03)00155-9Search in Google Scholar

IVERSEN C., DALE H., DRUGGAN P., WAD DINGTON M., CRAWFORD J., FORSYTHE S.J. (2004): The identifi cation of Enterobacter sakazakii using partial 16S sequencing and biochemical techniques. 104th ASM General Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Search in Google Scholar

IVERSEN C., LEHNER A., MULLANE N., BIDLAS E., CLEENWERCK I., MARUGG J., FANNING S., STEPHAN R., JOOSTEN H. (2007): The taxonomy of Enterobactersakazakii: proposal of a new genus comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobactermuytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology 7: 64.10.1186/1471-2148-7-64186872617439656Search in Google Scholar

IVERSEN C., MULLENE M., MCCARDELL B., TALL B.D., LEHNER A., FANNING S., STEPHAN R., JOOSTEN H. (2008): Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis, sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies. C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. Dublinensis subsp. nov. C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 1442-1447. 10.1099/ijs.0.65577-018523192Search in Google Scholar

JARADAT Z.W., ABABNEH Q.O., SAADOUN I.M., SAMARA N.A., RASHDAN A.M. (2009): Isolation of Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) from infant food, herbs and environmental samples and the subsequent identifi cation and confi rmation of the isolates using biochemical, chromogenic assays, PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. BioMed Central Microbiology 9: 225.Search in Google Scholar

KANDHAI M.C., REIJ M.W., GORRIS L.G.M., GUILLAUMEGENTIL O., VAN SCHOTHORST M. (2004): Occurrence of Enterobacter sakazakii in food production environments and households. Lancet 363: 39-40.10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15169-0Search in Google Scholar

KIM S.A., RHEE M.S. (2011): A new cost-effective, selective and differential medium for isolation of Cronobacter spp. Journal of Microbiology Methods 85: 149-154.10.1016/j.mimet.2011.02.00821338629Search in Google Scholar

KUCEROVA E., CLIFTON S. W., XIAO-QIN X., LONG F., PORWOLLIK S., FULTON L., FRONICK C., MINX P., KY- UNG K., WARREN W., FULTON R., FENG D., WOLLAM A., SHAH N., BHONAGIRI V., NASH W.E., HALLSWORTH-PEPIN K., WILSON R.K., MCCLELLAND M., FORSYTHE S.J. (2010): Genome Sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii BAA- 894 and Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis with Other Cronobacter Species. PLoS ONE 5 (3): e9556. 10.1371/journal.pone.0009556283319020221447Search in Google Scholar

LAI K.K. (2001): Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature. Medicine 80: 113-122. 10.1097/00005792-200103000-0000411307587Search in Google Scholar

LEHNER A., NITZSCHE S., BREEUWER P., DIEP B., THELEN K., STEPHAN R. (2006): Comparison of two chromogenic media and evaluation of two molecular based identifi cation systems for Enterobacter sakazakii detection. BioMed Central Microbiology 6: 15Search in Google Scholar

MUYZER G., DE WAA, E.C., UITIERLIN DEN A.G. (1993): Profi ling of Complex Microbial Populations by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Amplifi ed Genes Coding for 16S rRNA. Applied Environmental Microbiology 59: 695-700.10.1128/aem.59.3.695-700.19932021767683183Search in Google Scholar

MUYTJENS H.L., VAN DER ROS-VAN DER REPE J., VAN DRUTEN H.A.M. (1984): Enzymatic profi les of Enterobacter sakazakii and related species with special reference to the alpha-glucosidase reaction and reproducibility of the test system. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 20: 684-686.10.1128/jcm.20.4.684-686.19842714116386874Search in Google Scholar

OH S.W., KANG, D.H. (2011): Fluorogenic selective and differential medium for isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii. Applied Environmental Microbiology 70: 5692-5694.Search in Google Scholar

RESTINO L., FRAMPTON E.W., LIONBERG W.C., BECKER R.J. (2006): A chromogenic plating medium for the isolation and identifi cation of Enterobacter sakazakii from foods, food ingredients and environmental sources. Journal of Food Protection 69: 315-322. 10.4315/0362-028X-69.2.315Search in Google Scholar

SIMMONS B.P., GELFAND M.S., HAAS M., METTS L., FERUSON J. (1989): Enterobacter sakazakii infection in neonates associated with intrinsic contamination of powdered infant formula. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10: 398-401.10.2307/30144207Search in Google Scholar

STOOP B., LEHNER A., IVERSEN C., FANNING S., STEPHAN R. (2009): Development and evaluation of rpoB based PCR systems to differentiate the six proposed species within the genus Cronobacter. International Journal of Food Microbiology 136: 165-168. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.04.02319467725Search in Google Scholar

URMENYI A.M.C., FRANKLIN A.W. (1961): Neonatal death from pigmented coliform infection. Lancet 277: 313- 315. Received for publication: December 21, 2011Accepted for publication: February 23, 2012Search in Google Scholar