Zitieren

Alakangas, E. 2000. Suomessa käytettävien polttoaineiden ominaisuuksia. (Properties of Fuels Used in Finland). VTT tiedotteita, 2045. Espoo, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus. 196 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Arvidsson, H., Vestin, T., Lundkvist, H. 2002. Effects of crushed wood ash application on ground vegetation in young Norway spruce stands. - Forest Ecology and Management, 161, 75-87.Search in Google Scholar

Bååth, E., Arnebrant, K. 1994. Growth rate and response of bacterial communities to pH in limed and ash treated forest soils. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 26, 995-1001.Search in Google Scholar

Bakken, L. R., Olsen, R. A. 1990. Accumulation of radiocaesium in fungi. - Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 36, 704-710.Search in Google Scholar

Björk, R. G., Ernfors, M., Sikström, U., Nilsson, M. B., Andersson, M. X., Rütting, T., Klemedtsson, L. 2010. Contrasting effects of wood ash application on microbial community structure, biomass and processes in drained forested peatlands. - FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 73, 550-562.Search in Google Scholar

Bockelmann, C., Pohlandt, K., Marutzki, R. 1995. Concentrations of selected elements in assortments of wood: chlorine, fluorine and heavy metals. - Holz als Roch and Werkstoff, 53, 377-383.Search in Google Scholar

Bramryd, T., Fransman, B. O. 1995. Silvicultural use of wood ashes - effects on the nutrient and heavy metal balance in a pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest soil. - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 85, 1039-1044.Search in Google Scholar

Cropper, W. P. Jr., Gholz, H. L. 1994. Evaluating potential response mechanisms of a forest stand to fertilization and night temperature: a case study using Pinus elliottii. - Ecological Bulletins (Copenhagen), 43, 154-160.Search in Google Scholar

Davis, T. N. 1981. Burning peat. Article #513. Alaska Science Forum [WWW document] - URL http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF5/513.htmlSearch in Google Scholar

Eesti statistika aastaraamat (Statistical Yearbook of Estonia). 2009. Tallinn, Statistikaamet. 500 pp. (In Estonian and in English).Search in Google Scholar

Eesti statistika aastaraamat. (Statistical Yearbook of Estonia). 2002. Tallinn, Statistikaamet. 464 pp. (In Estonian and in English).Search in Google Scholar

Eriksson, H. 2003. Ash issues, studies and solutions in Sweden. - Vesterinen, P. (Ed.) Seminar Report. Regular Recycling of Wood Ash to Prevent Waste Production - RecAsh a Life Environment Demonstration Project. State of the Art Seminar, Jyväskylä, 1.9.2003, 3-5.Search in Google Scholar

Eriksson, H. M. 1998. Short-term effects of granulated wood ash on forest soil chemistry in SW and NE Sweden. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Supplement, 2, 43-55.Search in Google Scholar

Eriksson, H. M., Nilsson, T., Nordin, A. 1998. Early effects of lime and hardened and non-hardened ashes on pH and electrical conductivity of the forest floor, and relations to some ash and lime qualities. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Supplement, 2, 56-66.Search in Google Scholar

Etiégni, L., Campbell, A. G. 1991. Physical and chemical characteristics of wood ash. - Bioresource Technology, 37, 173-178.Search in Google Scholar

Fritze, H. Perkiömäki, J., Saarela, U., Katainen, R., Tikka, P., Yrjälä, K., Karp, M., Haimi, J., Romantschuk, M. 2000. Effect od Cd-containing wood ash on the microflora of coniferous forest humus. - FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 32, 43-51.Search in Google Scholar

Fritze, H., Smolander, A., Levula, T., Kitunen, V., Mälkönen, E. 1994. Wood-ash fertilization and fire treatments in a Scots pine forest stand: effects on the organic layer, microbial biomass, and microbial activity. - Biology and Fertility of Soils, 17, 57-63.Search in Google Scholar

Frostegård, Å., Bååth, E., Tunlid, A. 1993. Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 25, 723-730.Search in Google Scholar

Hagerberg, D., Wallander, H. 2002. The impact of forest residue removal and wood ash amendment on the growth of the ectomycorrhizal external mycelium. - FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 39, 139-146.Search in Google Scholar

Haglund, N. and Expert group. 2008. Guideline for Classification of Ash From Solid Biofuels and Peat Utilised for Recycling and Fertilizing in Forestry and Agriculture. NT Technical Report TR 613. Oslo, Nordic Innovation Centre. 34 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Hakkila, P. 1984. Forest chips as fuel for heating plants in Finland. - Folia Forestalia Polonica, 586, 1-62.Search in Google Scholar

Hakkila, P. 1989. Utilisation of Residual Forest Biomass. Berlin, Springer Verlag. 568 pp.10.1007/978-3-642-74072-5Search in Google Scholar

Hakkila, P., Kalaja, H. 1983. The technique of recycling wood and bark ash. - Folia Forestalia, 552. 37 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Heikkinen, R., Laitinen, R.-S., Patrikainen, T., Tiainen, M., Virtanen, M. 1998. Slagging tendency of peat ash. - Fuel Processing Technology, 56, 69-80.Search in Google Scholar

Högbom, L., Nohrstedt, H.-Ö. 2001a. 137Cs in different conifer forest compartments following wood-ash addition. - Högbom, L., Nohrstedt, H.-Ö. (Eds.). Environmental Consequences of Recycling Wood-Ash to Forests. Extended Abstracts from the SNS Workshop, Grimsö, Sweden, 22-25 May 2000. SkogForsk Report, 2, 17-18.Search in Google Scholar

Högbom, L., Nohrstedt, H.-Ö. 2001b. The fate of 137Cs in coniferous forests following the applicatioin of wood-ash. -Science of the Total Environment, 280, 133-141.Search in Google Scholar

Huettl, R. F. 1989. Liming and fertilization as mitigation tools in declining forest ecosystems. - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 44, 93-118.Search in Google Scholar

Huotari, N., Tillman-Sutela, E., Pasanen, J., Kubin, E. 2008. Ash-fertilization improves germination and early establishment of birch (Betula pubescens Rhrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland. - Forest Ecology and Management, 255, 2870-2875.Search in Google Scholar

Huttunen, E., Kujala, K. 2001. The use of peat ash in earth construction. - Special Paper, 32. Geological Survey of Finland, 83-90.Search in Google Scholar

Hytönen, J. 1998. Effect of peat ash fertilization on the nutrient status and biomass production of shortrotation willow on cut-away peatland area. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 15, 83-92.Search in Google Scholar

Hytönen, J. 2003. Effects of wood, peat, and coal ash fertilization on Scots pine foliar nutrient concentrations and growth on afforested former agricultural peat soils. - Silva Fennica, 37, 219-234.10.14214/sf.503Search in Google Scholar

Ilomets, M. 2005. Eesti soode taastamine - vajadused, printsiibid, hetkeseis. (Restoration of Estonian mires - needs, principles and present state). - Sammul, M., Lõhmus, A. (Eds.). Eesti Loodusuurijate Seltsi aastaraamat, 83. Tartu, Eesti Loodusuurijate Selts, 72-95. (In Estonian with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Jacobson, S. 2003. Addition of stabilized wood ashes to Swedish coniferous stands on mineral soils - effects on stem growth and needle nutrient concentrations. - Silva Fennica, 37, 437-450.10.14214/sf.483Search in Google Scholar

Jacobson, S., Gustafsson, L. 2001. Effects on ground vegetation of the application of wood ash to a Swedish Scots pine stand. - Basic and Applied Ecology, 2, 233-241.Search in Google Scholar

Johansson, I., van Bavel, B. 2003. Levels and patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in incineration ashes. - Science of the Total Environment, 311, 221-231.Search in Google Scholar

Juntunen, M.-L. 1982. Tuhkan levityksen terveydellisten haittojen arviointi. (Evaluation of health risks in ash spreading). - Metsätutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja, 62. 17 pp. (In Finnish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H. 1992. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, CRC Press. 365 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Kansallinen metsäohjelma 2015. (Finland's National Forest Programme 2015). 2008. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön julkaisuja, 3. 44 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Karltun, E., Saarsalmi, A., Ingerslev, M., Mandre, M., Andersson, S., Gaitnieks, T., Ozolinčius, R., Varnagiryte-Kabasinskiene, I. 2008. Wood ash recycling - possibilities and risks. - In: Röser, D., Asikainen, A., Raulund-Rasmussen, K., Stupak, I. (Eds.). Sustainable Use of Forest Biomass for Energy. A. Synthesis with Focus on the Baltic and Nordic Region. Springer. Managing Forest Ecosystems, Vol. 12, 79-108.Search in Google Scholar

Karsisto, M. 1979. Maanparannustoimenpiteiden vaikutuksia orgaanista ainetta hajottavien mikrobien aktiivisuuteen suometsissä. II. Tuhkalannoituksen vaikutus. (Effect of forest improvement measures on activity of organic matter decomposing micro-organisms in forested peatlands. II. Effect of ash fertilization). - Suo / Mires and Peat, 30, 81-91. (In Finnish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Kellner, O., Weibull, H. 1998. Effects of wood ash on bryophytes and lichens in Swedish pine forest. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Supplement, 2, 76-85.Search in Google Scholar

Kepanen, A., Lodenius, M., Tulisalo, E., Hartikainen, H. 2005. Effects of different wood ashes on the solubility of cadmium in two boreal forest soils. - Boreal Environment Research, 10, 135-143.Search in Google Scholar

Klemedtsson, L., Ernfors, M., Björk, R. G., Weslien, P., Rütting, T., Crill, P., Sikström, U. 2010. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by wood ash application to a Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest on a drainaged organic soil. - European Journal of Soil Science, 61(5), 734-744.Search in Google Scholar

Levula, T., Saarsalmi, A., Rantavaara, A. 2000. Effects of ash fertilization and prescribed burning on macronutrient, heavy metal, sulphur and 137Cs concentrations in lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). - Forest Ecology and Management, 126, 269-277.Search in Google Scholar

Lodenius, M., Josefsson, J., Heliövaara, K., Tulisalo, E., Nummelin, M. 2009. Cadmium in insects after ash fertilization. - Insect Science, 16, 93-98.Search in Google Scholar

Lodenius, M., Kuusi T., Laaksovirta, K., Liukkonen-Lilja, H., Piepponen, S. 1981. Lead, cadmium and mercury content of fungi in Mikkeli, SE Finland. - Annales Botanici Fennici, 18, 183-186.Search in Google Scholar

Lodenius, M., Soltanpour-Gargari, A., Tulisalo, E., Henttonen, H. 2002. Effects of ash application on cadmium concentration in small mammals. - Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 188-192.Search in Google Scholar

Lovén, L., Äänismaa, P. 2006. Kolin kaskiopas. (Guidebook). Vammala, Metsäntutkimuslaitos, Joensuun toimintayksikkö, Kolin kansallispuisto. 76 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Lukkala, O. J. 1951. Kokemuksia Jaakkoinsuon koeojitusalueelta. (Experiences from Jaakkoinsuo experimental drainage area). Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae, 39, 1-53. (In Finnish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Lundkvist, H. 1998. Wood ash effects on enchytraeid and earthworm abundance and enchytraeid cadmium content. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Supplement, 2, 86-95.Search in Google Scholar

Mahmood, S., Finlay, R., Fransson, A.-M., Wallander, H. 2003. Effects of hardened wood ash on microbial activity, plant growth and nutrient uptake by ectomycorrhizal spruce seedlings. - FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 43, 121-131.Search in Google Scholar

Makkonen, T. (Ed.). 2008. Tuhkalannoitus. (Wood Ash Fertilization). Metsätalouden kehittämiskeskus Tapio. 31 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Mandre, M., Pärn, H., Klõšeiko, J., Ingerslev, M., Stupak, I., Kört, M., Paasrand, K. 2010. Use of biofuel ashes for fertilisation of Betula pendula seedlings on nutrient-poor peat soil. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 34, 1384-1392.Search in Google Scholar

Mandre, M., Pärn, H., Ots, K. 2005. Short-term effects of wood ash on the soil and the lignin concentration and growth of Pinus sylvestris L. - Forest Ecology and Management, 223. 349-357.Search in Google Scholar

McMurtrie, R. E. 1991. Relationship of forest productivity to nutrient and carbon supply - a modeling analysis. - Tree Physiology, 9, 87-99.Search in Google Scholar

Misra, M., Raglund, K., Baker, A. 1993. Wood ash composition as a function of furnace temperature. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 4, 103-116.Search in Google Scholar

Moilanen, M., Fritze, H., Nieminen, M., Piirainen, S., Isakainen, J., Piispanen, J. 2006. Does wood ash application increase heavy metal accumulation in forest berries and mushrooms? - Forest Ecology and Management, 226, 153-160.Search in Google Scholar

Moilanen, M., Issakainen, J. 2000. Tuhkalannoituksen metsävaikutukset. (Effects of Wood Ash on Forests). Metsätehon raportti, 93. 18 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Moilanen, M., Silfverberg, K., Hokkanen, T. J. 2002. Effects of wood-ash on the growth, vegetation and substrate quality of a drained mire: a case study. - Forest Ecology and Management, 171, 321-338.Search in Google Scholar

Naylor, L. M., Schmidt, E. 1986. Agricultural use of wood ash as a fertilizer and liming material. - Tappi Journal, 69, 114-119.Search in Google Scholar

Naylor, L. M., Schmidt, E. 1989. Paper mill wood ash as a fertilizer and liming material: field trials. - Tappi Journal, 72, 199-206.Search in Google Scholar

Nieminen, M., Piirainen, S., Moilanen, M. 2005. Release of mineral nutrients and heavy metals from wood and peat ash fertilizers: field studies in Finnish forest soils. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 20, 146-153.Search in Google Scholar

Nylen, T., Grip, H. 1997. The origin and dynamics of 137Cs discharge from a coniferous forest catchment. - Journal of Hydrology, 192, 338-354.Search in Google Scholar

Obernberger, I. 1998. Decentralized biomass combustion: state of the art and future development. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 14, 33-56.Search in Google Scholar

Ohtonen, R., Tuohenmaa, H. 1999. Tuhkalannoituksen vaikutus männyn ektomykorritsasymbioosiin kangasmaalla. (Effects of ash fertilization on ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of pine). - Metsätehon raportti, 84. Helsinki. 18 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Olsson, B., Bengtsson, J., Lundkvist, H. 1996. Effects of different forest harvest intensities on the pools of exchangeable cations in coniferous forest soils. - Forest Ecology and Management, 84, 135-147.Search in Google Scholar

Ozolinčius, R., Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, I., Stakėnas, V., Mikšys, V. 2007. Effects of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization on Scots pine crown biomass. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 31, 700-709.Search in Google Scholar

Paal, J., Ilomets, M., Fremstad, E., Moen, A., Børset, E., Kuusemets, V., Truus, L., Leibak, E. 1999. Eesti märgalade inventeerimine 1997. a. Projekti "Eesti märgalade kaitse ja majandamise strateegia" aruanne. (Estonian Wetland Inventory 1977. Publication of the project "Estonian Wetlands Conservation and Management"). Tartu, Eesti Loodusfoto. 177 pp. (In Estonian).Search in Google Scholar

Pärn, H. 2004. The effect of wood ash application on litter decomposition in a Scots pine stand. - Metsanduslikud Uurimused / Forestry Studies, 41, 35-41.Search in Google Scholar

Pärn, H. 2005. Effect of wood ash application on radial and height growth of young Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.). - Metsanduslikud Uurimused / Forestry Studies, 42, 48-57.Search in Google Scholar

Pärn, H., Mandre, M., Tilk, M. 2009. Changes in the growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) seedlings on peat soils fertilised with wood and peat ashes. - Baltic Forestry, 15, 168-176.Search in Google Scholar

Perkiömäki, J. 2004. Wood ash use in coniferous forests: a soil microbiological study into the potential risk of cadmium release. - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers, 917. 54 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Perkiömäki, J., Fritze, H. 2002. Short and long-term effects of wood ash on the boreal forest humus microbial community. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 1343-1353.Search in Google Scholar

Perkiömäki, J., Kiikilä, O., Moilanen, M., Issakainen, J., Tervahauta, A., Fritze, H. 2003. Cadmium-containing wood ash in a pine forest: effects on humus microflora and cadmium concentrations in mushrooms, berries, and needles. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33, 2443-2451.Search in Google Scholar

Persson, T., Lundkvist, H., Wirén, A., Hyvönen, R., Wessén, B. 1989. Effects of acidification and liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organisms in mor humus. - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 45, 77-96.Search in Google Scholar

Pihlström, M., Rummukainen, P., Mäkinen, A. 2000. Tuhkalannoitusprojektin kasvillisuus- ja maaperätutkimukset Evolla 1997-1999. (Studies of vegetation and soils in the ash fertilisation project in Evo 1997-1999). - Metsätehon raportti, 89, 53 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Piirainen, S. 2001. Ash fertilization and leaching of nutrients from drained peatland. -In: Högbom, L., Nohrstedt, H.-Ö. (Eds.). Environmental Consequences of Recycling Wood-Ash to Forests. Extended Abstracts from the SNS Workshop, Grimsö, Sweden, 22-25 May 2000. SkogForsk Report, 2, 21-24.Search in Google Scholar

Raison, R. J., McGarity, J. W. 1980. Effects of ash, heat, and the ash-heat interaction on biological activities in two contrasting soils. - Plant and Soil 55, 363-376.Search in Google Scholar

Rantavaara, A. H., Aro, L. J. 2009. Radiological impact of using forest tree biomass for energy and recycling the ash. - Radioprotection, 44, 927-932.Search in Google Scholar

Ravila, A., Holm, E. 1996. Assessment of the radiation field from radioactive elements in a wood-ash-treated coniferous forest in southwest Sweden. - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 32, 135-156.Search in Google Scholar

Röser, D., Asikainen, A., Raulund-Rasmussen, K., Stupak, I. (Eds.). 2008. Sustainable Use of Forest Biomass for Energy. A Synthesis with Focus on the Baltic and Nordic Region. Managing Forest Ecosystems, 12. Springer. 262 pp.10.1007/978-1-4020-5054-1Search in Google Scholar

Saarela, K.-E., Harju, L., Rajander, J., Lill, J.-O., Heselius, S.-J., Lindroos, A., Mattsson, K. 2005. Elemental analyses of pine bark and wood in an environmental study. - Science of the Total Environment, 343, 231-241.Search in Google Scholar

Saarmets, T. 1999. Ammendatud turbamaardlate taastamine (Restoration of harvested peatlands) - Eesti Turvas, 4, 5-7. (In Estonian).Search in Google Scholar

Saarsalmi, A., Derome, J., Levula, T. 2005. Effect of wood ash on stand growth, soil, water, and needle chemistry, and berry yields of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) in a Scots pine stand in Finland. - Metsanduslikud Uurimused / Forestry Studies, 42, 13-33.Search in Google Scholar

Saarsalmi, A., Mälkönen, E., Kukkola, M. 2004. Effect of wood ash fertilization on soil chemical properties and stand nutrient status and growth of some coniferous stands in Finland. - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19, 217-233.Search in Google Scholar

Saarsalmi, A., Mälkönen, E., Piirainen, S. 2001. Effects of wood ash fertilization on forest soil chemical properties. - Silva Fennica, 35, 355-368.Search in Google Scholar

Sander, M.-L. 1997. Biofuel Ash Use in Salix Plantations. Biomass Production, Nutrient Uptake and Heavy Metal Circulation. Doctoral Thesis. Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Agraria, 83. 30 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Sarenbo, S., Svantesson, T., Claesson, T. 2005. Solidification of biomass fuel combustion residues for recycling: Experiences from a 5-year research project. - Pechová, J., Karas, J. (Eds.). Regular Recycling of Wood Ash to Prevent Waste Production. Proceedings of the RECASH - International Seminar, Prague, Czech Republic, Nov. 2005, 72-82.Search in Google Scholar

Silfverberg, K. 1996. Nutrient Status and Development of Tree Stands and Vegetation on Ash-Fertilized Drained Peatlands in Finland. PhD Thesis. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science. Finnish Forest Research Papers, 588. 27 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Silfverberg, K., Hotanen, J.-P. 1989. Puuntuhkan pitkäaikaisvaikutukset ojitetulla mesotrofisella kalvakkanevalla Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla. (Long-term effects of wood-ash on a drained mesotrophic Sphagnum papillosum fen in Oulu district, Finland). - Folia Forestalia, 742, 1-23. (In Finnish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Silfverberg, K., Huikari, O. 1985. Tuhkalannoitus metsäojitetuilla turvemailla. (Wood-ash fertilization on drained peatlands). - Folia Forestalia, 633, 1-25. (In Finnish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Silfverberg, K., Issakainen, J. 1991. Tuhkalannoituksen vaikutukset metsämarjoihin. (Effects of ash fertilization on forest berries). - Folia Forestalia, 769, 1-23. (In Finnish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Silfverberg, K., Issakainen, J. 1996. Skogstillväxt på en askgödslad, nordfinsk kalmyr - 40-årigt perspektiv på asktillförsel i praktisk skala (Forest growth on an ash-fertilized oligotrophic fen in northern Finland). - Suo / Mires and Peat, 47, 137-139. (In Swedish with English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Silvola, J., Välijoki, J., Aaltonen, H. 1985. Effect of draining and fertilization on soil respiration at three ameliorated peatland sites. - Acta Forestalia Fennica, 191. 32 pp.10.14214/aff.7637Search in Google Scholar

Someshwar, A. V. 1996. Wood and combination wood-fired boiler ash characterization. - Journal of Environmental Quality, 25, 962-972.Search in Google Scholar

Steenari, B.-M., Lindqvist, O. 1997. Stabilisation of biofuel ashes for recycling to forest soil. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 13, 39-50.Search in Google Scholar

Steenari, B.-M., Schelander, S., Lindqvist, O. 1999. Chemical and leaching characteristics of ash from combustion of coal, peat and wood in a 12 MW CFB - a comparative study. - Fuel, 78, 249-258.Search in Google Scholar

Taipale, R. 1996. Kiinteiden polttoaineiden ominaisuudet. (Characteristics of solid fuels). MSc Thesis, University of Jyväskylä. 138 pp. (In Finnish).Search in Google Scholar

Tamm, C.-O., Hallbäcken, L. 1986. Changes in soil pH over a 50-year period under different canopies in SW Sweden. - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 31, 331-334.Search in Google Scholar

Terasmaa, T., Sepp, R. 1994. Liming with powdered oil-shale ash in a heavily damaged forest ecosystem. I. The effect on forest soils in a pine stand. - Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Ecology, 4, 101-108.Search in Google Scholar

Thurman-Moe, P. 1956. Eldre og nyere skogskultur - og gjödslingsförsök på Åsmyra. Norsk Skogbruk. (Fertilization experiments on drained mire in Åsmyra-presentation and results). - Norsk Skogbruk, 8-9, 309-316. (In Norwegian).Search in Google Scholar

UNSCEAR. 2000. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Vol. 1. Report to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to the General Assembly. 17 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Valk, U. 1988. Mullastik, veestik, mikrokliima. (Soils, waters, microclimate). - Valk, U. (Koost.). Eesti sood. (Estonian peatlands). Tallinn, Valgus, 158-187. (In Estonian with Russian and English summary).Search in Google Scholar

Vance, E. D. 1996. Land application of wood-fired and combination boiler ashes: an overview. - Journal of Environmental Quality, 25, 937-944.Search in Google Scholar

Vares, V., Kask, Ü., Muiste, P., Pihu, T., Soosaar, S. 2005. Biokütuste kasutaja käsiraamat. (Manual for Biofuel Users). Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology Press. 178 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Vesterinen, P. 2003. Wood Ash Recycling - State of the Art in Finland and Sweden. - VTT Processes, Research Report PRO2/6107/03. 52 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Waring, R. H., Schlesinger, W. H. 1985. Forest Ecosystems: Concepts and Management. Orlando, Academic Press. 340 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Weber, A., Karsisto, M., Leppänen, R., Sundman, V., Skujiņš, J. 1985. Microbial activities in a histosol: effects of wood ash and NPK fertilizers. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17, 291-296.Search in Google Scholar

Werkelin, J., Skrifvars, B.-J., Hupa, M. 2005. Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species. Part 1: Summer harvest. - Biomass and Bioenergy, 29, 451-466.Search in Google Scholar

Wigrup, I. (Ed.). 2007. Forest for the Benefit of All. Swedish Forest Agency. 28 pp. [WWW document]. - URL http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/episerver4/dokument/sks/engelska/Swedish%20Forest%20Agency.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Wood Ash Database. Wood for Energy. [WWW document]. - URL http://woodash.slu.seSearch in Google Scholar

Zimmermann, S., Frey, B. 2002. Soil respiration and microbial properties in an acid forest soil: effects of wood ash. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 1727-1737.Search in Google Scholar

Zoettl, H. W., Huettl, R. F. 1986. Nutrient supply and forest decline in southwest Germany. - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 31, 257-265.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1736-8723
ISSN:
1406-9954
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
2 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, Botanik, Ökologie, andere