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The Effects of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme on Functional Capacity and Strength of Respiratory Muscles in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome

Lana Vranić
Lana Vranić
, 
Zrinka Biloglav
Zrinka Biloglav
, 
Petar Medaković
Petar Medaković
, 
Jasminka Talapko
Jasminka Talapko
 und 
Ivana Škrlec
Ivana Škrlec
   | 14. Juni 2024
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Article Category: Original scientific article
Online veröffentlicht: 14. Juni 2024
Seitenbereich: 123 - 131
Eingereicht: 28. Sept. 2023
Akzeptiert: 23. Apr. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2024-0017
Schlüsselwörter
© 2024 Lana Vranić et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

The distribution of patients depends on the time of initiation of PR after COVID-19 (N=80, 43 females, 37 males).
The distribution of patients depends on the time of initiation of PR after COVID-19 (N=80, 43 females, 37 males).

Differences in outcomes of the PR programme according to the time elapsed between disease onset and the beginning of rehabilitation (N=80, 43 females, 37 males).

Variable 2 to 3 months (n=16) M±SD 3 to 4 months (n=7) M±SD More than 4 months (n=57) M±SD P* Cohen’s d
PImax 21.44±24.07 17.86±14.38 17.28±15.05 0.032 3.36
PImax (%) 19.88±22.78 16.43±13.29 15.00±14.51 0.021 3.29
PEmax 7.56±21.62 2.86±25.24 9.46±18.01 0.180 3.30
PEmax(%) 8.38±20.33 0.57±23.32 10.18±24.00 0.785 3.86
FVC 0.31±0.34 0.02±0.27 0.11±0.28 0.363 3.33
FVC(%) 5.47±6.69 1.29±8.75 2.40±7.45 0.269 5.92
FEV1 0.15±0.21 0.02±0.18 0.08±0.19 0.124 3.29
FEV1(%) 3.87±4.82 1.00±6.71 2.38±6.14 0.812 4.96
FEV1/FVC 1.48±4.89 2.35±5.04 0.23±3.10 0.327 6.16
DLCO 2.99±3.59 3.61±5.04 0.29±2.91 0.275 3.20
DLCO(%) 8.33±10.36 14.86±15.12 1.14±11.12 0.709 4.41
6MWT(m) 525.87±105.47 468.43±146.46 501.21±99.61 0.483 4.78
6MWT(%) 88.07±11.06 91.17±17.52 87.16±12.68 0.798 6.33
SpO2 (before 6MWT) 97.60±0.99 97.43±1.40 96.96±1.81 0.374 59.08
SpO2 (after 6MWT) 94.40±3.38 93.71±3.15 94.78±4.68 0.813 22.07
Dyspnea 1.97±1.64 2.93±1.43 2.78±2.07 0.332 1.35
Heart rate 84.19±16.14 81.71±10.45 80.57±11.87 0.047 6.43

Characteristics of patients (N=80, 43 females, 37 males).

Variable All patients Females (n=43) Males (n=37)
Mean age (years) 50.96±10.22 50.46±10.53 51.54±9.97
Age (interval) 25–68 25–68 28–68
Age (mode) 49 49 52
Age (median) 51.5 51 52
BMI>30kg/m2* 37 (46.3%) 17 (39.5%) 20 (54.1%)
Comorbidity 56 (70%) 32 (74.4%) 24 (64.9%)

Pathological values of pulmonary parameters and respiratory muscle strength before and after the PR programme (N=80, 43 females, 37 males)

Variable Baseline n(%) After PR n(%) P* Cohen’s d
PImax<80% 57 (71.3) 41 (51.3) <0.001 0.89
PEmax<80% 28 (35) 13 (16.3) <0.001 0.15
FVC<80% 14 (17.5) 8 (10) 0.251 0.06
FEV1<80% 19 (23.8) 14 (17.5) 0.338 0.59
FEV1/FVC<70% 16 (20) 18 (22.5) 0.699 0.41
DLCO<80% 15 (18.8) 13 (16.3) 0.677 0.26
6MWT<80 % 44 (55) 17 (21.3) 0.007 0.65

The effects of the PR programme on muscle strength (N=80, 43 females, 37 males).

Variable Baseline M±SD After PR M±SD Mean difference (95%CI) P* Cohen’s d
PImax 69.90±26.49 88.06±26.23 18.16 (−21.94–(−14.38)) <0.001 1.07
PImax(%) 64.74±25.01 80.84±24.57 16.10 (−19.72–(−12.48)) <0.001 0.99
PEmax 92.16±30.03 100.66±30.49 8.50 (−12.78–(−4.22)) <0.001 0.44
PEmax(%) 90.80±27.26 99.78±25.82 8.98 (−14.13–(−3.82)) 0.001 0.39
FVC 4.14±1.28 4.33±1.29 −0.14 (−0.21–(−0.07)) <0.001 0.48
FVC(%) 98.16±18.28 100.49±16.97 −2.92 (−4.64–(−1.19)) 0.001 0.39
FEV1 3.04±0.93 3.15±0.96 −0.08 (−0.13–(−0.04)) 0.001 0.42
FEV1(%) 90.61±18.97 92.16±18.58 −2.36 (−3.76–(−0.97)) 0.001 0.39
FEV1/FVC 74.28±11.62 73.47±11.93 0.68 (−0.18–1.54) 0.122 0.18
DLCO 24.34±7.58 24.96±7.81 −1.17 (−2.02–(−0.33)) 0.007 0.35
DLCO(%) 95.23±21.57 95.88±21.72 −4.03 (−7.11–(−0.95)) 0.011 0.33
6MWT(m) 442.76±96.22 503.11±105.15 −66.92 (−84.01–(−49.82)) <0.001 0.91
6MWT(%) 77.72±16.06 87.68±13.86 −9.66 (−11.78–(−7.55)) <0.001 1.08
SpO2 (before 6MWT) 96.59±2.10 97.14±1.64 −0.64 (−1.09–(−0.19)) 0.006 0.33
SpO2 (after 6MWT) 94.15±4.89 94.60±4.29 −0.56 (−1.09–(−0.04)) 0.036 0.25
Dyspnea (Borg) 3.53±2.32 2.63±1.94 0.95 (0.44–1.45) <0.001 0.44
Heart rate 81.43±12.67 113.65±18.27 −32.22 (−36.39)–(31.99)) <0.001 1.75
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