The status and future of forensic archaeology and anthropology in Finland

[1] Obertová Z., Adalian P., Baccino E., Cunha E., De Boer H.H., Fracasso T. et al., The status of forensic anthropology in Europe and South Africa: results of the 2016 FASE questionnaire on forensic anthropology, J. Forensic Sci., 2019, 64, 4, 1017-102510.1111/1556-4029.1401630735583 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Lei G., Liu F., Liu P., Zhou Y., Jiao T., Dang Y., Worldwide tendency and focused research in forensic anthropology: A bibliometric analysis of decade (2008-2017), Legal Medicine, 2019, 37, 67-7510.1016/j.legalmed.2019.01.00830716583 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Lehti M., Kivivuori J., Bergsdottir G.S., Engvold H., Granath S., Jonasson J.O. et al., Nordic homicide report. Homicide in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, 2007–2016. Research briefs 37, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 2017 Search in Google Scholar

[4] Liem M., Suonpää K., Kivivuori J., Granath S., Walser S., Killias M., Homicide clearance in Western Europe, European Journal of Criminology, 2019, 16, 1, 81–10110.1177/1477370818764840632899330675132 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Suonpää K., Henkirikokset, In: Kolttola I.A. (ed.), Rikollisuustilanne 2020: Rikollisuuskehitys tilastojen ja tutkimusten valossa. Katsauksia, Helsingin yliopisto, kriminologian ja oikeuspolitiikan instituutti, Helsinki, 2021, 49, 9-34, Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10138/337259 [Accessed 6 July 2022] Search in Google Scholar

[6] Schotsmans E.M.J., Georges-Zimmermann P., Coulombeix A., Groen W.J.M., Forensic archaeology in Europe, In: Vivas M. (ed.), (Re)lecture archéologique de la justice en Europe médiévale et moderne, Ausonius Scripta Mediævalia, Ausonius, Bordeaux, 2019, 35, 343-36410.4000/books.ausonius.18426 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Kranioti E.F., Paine R.R., Forensic Anthropology in Europe: an assessment of current status and application, Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 2011, 89, 71-92 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Alfsdotter C., Forensic archaeology and forensic anthropology within Swedish law enforcement: current state and suggestions for future developments, Forensic Science International: Reports, 2021, 3, 10017810.1016/j.fsir.2021.100178 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Groen W.J.M., Márquez-Grant N., Janaway R. (eds.), Forensic Archaeology: A Global Perspective, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey, 201510.1002/9781118745977 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Salfati C., Profiling homicide: A multidimensional approach, Homicide Studies, 2000, 4, 265-29310.1177/1088767900004003004 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Santtila P., Canter D., Elfgren T., Häkkänen H., The Structure of Crime-Scene Actions in Finnish Homicides, Homicide Studies, 2001, 5, 4, 363–38710.1177/1088767901005004007 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Hunter J.R., Heron C., Janaway R.C., Martin A.L., Pollard A.M., Roberts C.A., Forensic archaeology in Britain, Antiquity, 1994, 68, 758-6910.1017/S0003598X00047451 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Ashby E., Forensic archaeology in New Zealand: Review and future directions, Australian journal of forensic sciences, 2013, 45, 1, 25–3510.1080/00450618.2012.729610 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Hunter J.R., Brickley M.B., Bourgeois J., Bouts W., Bourguignon L., Hubrecht F., et al., Forensic archaeology, forensic anthropology and Human Rights in Europe, Science & Justice, 2001, 41, 173-17810.1016/S1355-0306(01)71886-211515163 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Larson D.O., Vass A.A., Wise M., Advanced Scientific Methods and Procedures in the Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Graves, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 2011, 27, 2, 149–18210.1177/1043986211405885 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Pringle J.K., Holland C., Szkornik K., Harrison M., Establishing forensic search methodologies and geophysical surveying for the detection of clandestine graves in coastal beach environments, Forensic Science International, 2012, 219, 1, e29–e3610.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.01022285503 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Häkkänen H., Hurme K., Liukkonen M., Distance patterns and disposal sites in rural area homicides committed in Finland, J. Investig. Psych. Offender Profil., 2007, 4, 3, 181–19710.1002/jip.77 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Immonen V., Taavitsainen J.-P., Oscillating Between National and International: The Case of Finnish Archaeology, Springer New York, New York, 201110.1007/978-1-4419-8225-4_6 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Núñez M., Niskanen M., Kortelainen M.L., Junno J.A., Paavola K., Niinimäki S., et al. Finland/Suomi. In: Marquez-Grant N., Fibiger L. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation, Routledge, London, 2011, 138-149 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Turun yliopisto. 2021. Turun yliopistoon hyväksytyt 2018-2021. Available at https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNDFhZmRkZTAtZmJjZS00NzkzLTkyMjAtM2NkZWJhZGEyMzFkIiwidCI6ImU3ODg5YmJkLTdjZDgtNGVlZS05ZDA3LTE4ZDA1ZjlmNDhjMSIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSectionbcec09fc00a052286876. [Accessed 17 November 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[21] Helsingin yliopisto. 2021. Yhteishaussa kandiohjelmiin hakeneet ja hyväksytyt hakukohteittain ja tiedekunnittain 7.7.2021. Available at https://www.helsinki.fi/assets/drupal/2021-07/Yhteishaussa%20kandiohjelmiin%20hakeneet%20ja%20hyv%C3%A4ksytyt%20hakukohteittain%20ja%20tiedekunnittain%207.7.2021.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[22] Oulun yliopisto. 2019. Korkeakoulujen kevään yhteishaku 2019. Available at https://www.oulu.fi/sites/default/files/186/Korkeakoulujen%20yhteishaku%20tilasto%202019%2C%20nettisivut_0.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[23] Academy of Finland. 2021. Mobility: Academy Research Fellow and Postdoctoral Researcher. 2021(18). Available at https://www.aka.fi/en/research-funding/apply-for-funding/how-to-apply-for-funding/az-index-of-application-guidelines2/mobility-academy-researcher-and-research-fellow/ [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[24] Taavitsainen J.P., Arkeologiaa manageroinnin ja tutkimuksen puristuksessa - suomalainen muinaistutkimus vuosituhannen vaihteessa, In: Kangas S., Hietala M., Ylikangas, H. (eds.), Historia eilen ja tänään: Historiantutkimuksen ja arkeologian suunnat Suomessa 1908-2008, Suomen tiedeakatemia, Helsinki, 2009, 8-29 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Koski K., Finland, In: Spencer F. (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology Volume 1, Garland Publishing, 1997, 384-389 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Isaksson P., Kumma kuvajainen. Rasismi rotututkimuksessa, rotuteorioiden saamelaiset ja suomalainen fyysinen antropologia, Gummerus, Jyväskylä, 2011 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Retzius G., Finska kranier jämte några natur- och litteraturstudier inom andra områden af finsk antropologi, Centraltryckeriet, Stockholm, 1878 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Westerlund F.W., Studier i Finlands antropologi I-II. Kroppslängden, Fennia, 1900, 18 Search in Google Scholar

[29] Kajava Y., Die anthropologische Untersuchung des finnischen Volkes, Anthropologizer Anzeiger, 1925, 2, 3, 228-253 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Pesonen N., Anthropologische Untersuchung and Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennic. Ser. A., 1935, 43 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Näätänen E., Über die Anthropologie der Lappen in Suomi, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennic. Ser. A., 1936, 47 Search in Google Scholar

[32] Mustakallio M., Telkkä A., Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostbottniens, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennic. Ser., 1951, 28 Search in Google Scholar

[33] Kivalo E., Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostbottnien, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennic. Ser., 1957, 62 Search in Google Scholar

[34] Kajanoja P., A study in the morphology of the Finns and its relation to the settlement of Finland, Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, 1971, 146, 1-61 Search in Google Scholar

[35] Telkkä A., On the Prediction of Human Stature from the Long Bones, Acta Anatomica, 1950, 9, 103-11710.1159/000140434 Search in Google Scholar

[36] Pere S., Kunnas M., Telkkä A., Correlation between performance and physique in Finnish athletes, American journal of physical anthropology, 1954, 12, 2, 201-20810.1002/ajpa.133012021713188957 Search in Google Scholar

[37] Virtama P., Kiviluoto R., Palkama A., Telkkä A., Estimation of stature from radiographs of long bones in children. III. Children aged from ten to fifteen, Annales Medicinae Experimentalis Et Biologiae Fenniae, 1962, 40, 283-5 Search in Google Scholar

[38] Telkkä A., Kauppinen H., Virtama P., Correlation of dry weight of human carpal, metacarpal and finger bones to their actual mineral contents, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1962, 20, 1, 17-1910.1002/ajpa.133020011713920146 Search in Google Scholar

[39] Telkkä A., Palkama A., Virtama P., Estimation of stature from radiographs of long bones in children, Annales Medicinae Experimentalis Et Biologiae Fenniae, 1962, 40, 91-6 Search in Google Scholar

[40] Kajanoja P., Sex Determination of Finnish Crania by Discriminant Function Analysis, American journal of physical anthropology, 1966, 29-3310.1002/ajpa.13302401045924764 Search in Google Scholar

[41] Söderholm N., Den anatomiska bensamlingen vid Helsingfors Universitet, MA thesis, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland, 2002 Search in Google Scholar

[42] Niinimäki S., Junno J.A., Niskanen M., Núñez M., Ihmisjäänteiden tutkimuksen historiaa Oulun yliopistossa, In: Ikäheimo J., lipponen S. (eds.), Ei kiveäkään kääntämättä, Oulu, 2009 Search in Google Scholar

[43] Núñez M., Lidén K., Taking the 5000 year old “Jettböle skeletons” out of the closet: a palaeo-medical examination of human remains from the Aland (Ahvenanmaa) Islands, Int. J. Circumpolar Health, 1997, 56, 30-9 Search in Google Scholar

[44] Niskanen M., The Origin of the Baltic-Finns from the Physical Anthropological Point of View, Mankind Quarterly, 2002, XLIII, 2, 121-15310.46469/mq.2002.43.2.1 Search in Google Scholar

[45] Junno J.A., Niinimäki S., Niskanen M., Núñez M., Tuukkanen J., Cross sectional properties of the human radial tuberosity, Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 2011, 62, 6, 459-46510.1016/j.jchb.2011.08.00922024127 Search in Google Scholar

[46] Maijanen H., Stature estimation from skeletal elements: General problems and small solutions, PhD thesis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 2011 Search in Google Scholar

[47] Niinimäki S., Niskanen M., Niinimäki J., Nieminen M., Tuukkanen J., Junno J.A., Modeling skeletal traits and functions of the upper body: Comparing archaeological and anthropological material, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2013, 32, 3, 347-35110.1016/j.jaa.2012.01.004 Search in Google Scholar

[48] Väre T., Osteobiography of Vicar Rungius: analyses of the bones and tissues of the mummy of an early 17th-century Northern Finnish clergyman using radiology and stable isotopes, Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, Series B, Humaniora, 2017 Search in Google Scholar

[49] Hjelmman G., Morphologische Beobachtungen an den Zähnen der Finnen, Akademische Abhandlung, Helsinki, 1928 Search in Google Scholar

[50] Ekman T., Untersuchungen über Den Zahnwechsel Bei Kindern in Finnland, Akademische Abhandlung, Helsinki, 1938 Search in Google Scholar

[51] Haavikko K., 1974, Tooth formation age estimated on a few selected teeth. A simple method for clinical use, Proc Finn Dent Soc., 1974, 70, 1, 15–19 Search in Google Scholar

[52] Oura P., Karppinen J., Niinimäki J., Junno J.A., Sex estimation from dimensions of the fourth lumbar vertebra in Northern Finns of 20, 30, and 46 years of age, Forensic Science International, 2018, 290, 350.e1-350.e610.1016/j.forsciint.2018.07.01130078665 Search in Google Scholar

[53] Oura P., Korpinen N., Niinimäki J., Karppinen J., Niskanen M., Junno J.A., Estimation of stature from dimensions of the fourth lumbar vertebra in contemporary middle-aged Finns, Forensic Science International, 2018, 292, 71-7710.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.00130273914 Search in Google Scholar

[54] Korpinen N., Keisu A., Niinimäki J., Karppinen J., Niskanen M., Junno J.A., et al., Body mass estimation from dimensions of the fourth lumbar vertebra in middle-aged Finns, Legal Medicine, 2019, 40, 5-1610.1016/j.legalmed.2019.06.00831279223 Search in Google Scholar

[55] Junno J.A., Oura P., Niskanen M., Väre T., Ruotsalainen M., Pietikäinen R., et al., Improving anatomical stature estimation method. The relationship between living stature and intervertebral disc thickness, Homo., 2020, 71, 1, 37-42, DOI: 10.1127/homo/2020/1034, PMID: 31939993 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[56] Maijanen H., Junno J.A., Keisu A., Niinimäki J., Lehenkari P., Oura P., Sex estimation from knee breadth dimensions in a Finnish population, Legal Medicine, 2021, 51, 10187310.1016/j.legalmed.2021.10187333823332 Search in Google Scholar

[57] Varkkola O., Ranta H., Metsäniitty M., Sajantila A., Age assessment by the Greulich and Pyle method compared to other skeletal X-ray and dental methods in data from Finnish child victims of the Southeast Asian Tsunami, Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol., 2011, 7, 311–31610.1007/s12024-010-9173-x21337038 Search in Google Scholar

[58] Metsäniitty M., Waltimo-Sirén J., Ranta H., Fieuws S., Thevissen P., Dental age estimation in Somali children and sub-adults combining permanent teeth and third molar development, Int. J. Legal. Med., 2019, 133, 1207–121510.1007/s00414-019-02053-w657068230993445 Search in Google Scholar

[59] Seitsonen O., Holappa M., Dokumentointi ruumishautakaivauksilla: Esimerkki Lappeenrannan Huhtiniemestä, In: Salo K., Niukkanen M. (eds.), Arkeologisten hautauskaivausten tutkimusmenetelmät, Museovirasto, Helsinki, 2011, 36-46 Search in Google Scholar

[60] Arponen A., Meuronen M., Teloitetut. Viimeinen jatkosodan kesä 1944. Kadonneet rintamakarkurit, Revontuli, Jyväskylä, 2006 Search in Google Scholar

[61] Lavento M., Ranta H., Sajantila A., Vuori E., 1800-luvulle ajoitetun sotilaskalmiston koekaivaus Huhtiniemen matkailukeskuksen alueella 1.10.–27.10.2006, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, 2007 Search in Google Scholar

[62] Sandell S., “Nyt jäitä pääkalloon”. Tapaustutkimus Huhtiniemen arkeologisten kaivausten tiedottamisesta ja mediajulkisuudesta, MA thesis, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland, 2013 Search in Google Scholar

[63] Seitsonen O., Crowdsourcing cultural heritage: Public Participation and Conflict Legacy in Finland, Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage, 2017, 4, 2, 115–13010.1080/20518196.2016.1252129 Search in Google Scholar

[64] Taavitsainen J.P., Terrorin arkeologiaa, Hiiskuttua, 2/2012, 1–8 Search in Google Scholar

[65] Heiska N., Heinonen H., Laserkeilaus Huhtiniemen tutkimuksissa. Maanmittaustieteiden Seura ry:n julkaisu, 2007, 44, 41–49. Available at http://www.mts.fgi.fi/paivat/2007/Nina_Heiska_ja_Hannu_Heinonen.pdf [Accessed 6 January 2009] Search in Google Scholar

[66] Seitsonen O., Transnationally Forgotten and Re-remembered: Second World War Soviet Mass Graves at Mäntyvaara, Eastern Finnish Lapland, In: Koskinen-Koivisto E., Saramo S., Snellman H. (eds.), Transnational Death Studia Fennica Ethnologica, Finnish Literature Society 17, 2019, 178–199. Search in Google Scholar

[67] Egutkina A., Hausjärven metsähaudan mysteeri ratkennut - kaksi vainajaa tunnistettu, Iltalehti, 29 March 2018, Available at https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/201803292200845780 [Accessed 14 June 2019] Search in Google Scholar

[68] Nieminen T., Adèle Lehdon arvoitus, Helsingin Sanomat, 14 June 2020, Avalable at https://www.hs.fi/sunnuntai/art-2000006539542.html [Accessed 10 February 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[69] Paakkanen M., Joukkohauta kaivetaan auki Vierumäellä ja sisällissodan punavainajat siirretään teollisuusalueelta kirkkomaalle, Helsingin Sanomat, 2018, Available at https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005913697.html [Accessed 17 July 2020] Search in Google Scholar

[70] Versowood, Vierumäen vuoden 1918 sisällissodan joukkohauta, 2021, Available at https://www.versowood.fi/fi/konserni/uutiset-ja-tapahtumat/vierumaenvuoden-1918-sisallissodan-joukkohauta [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[71] Palo J., Hedman M., Söderholm N., Sajantila A., Repatriation and Identification of Finnish World War II Soldiers, Croat. Med. J., 2007, 48, 528-535 Search in Google Scholar

[72] Suominen P., Sotavainajien muiston vaalimisyhdistys ry 1998–2013, Sotavainajien muiston vaalimisyhdistys ry, Helsinki, 2013 Search in Google Scholar

[73] Fast J., Väisänen T., Rintama lähimpänä Helsinkiä – Hanko 1941 -hanke, Muinaistutkija, 2020, 1, 54–59 Search in Google Scholar

[74] Seppä J., Heinola Vierumäki. Vuoden 1918 joukkohaudan koekaivaus osa 1, muistomerkkialue 9. – 14.10.2019, Research report, Finnish Heritage Agency, 2019 Search in Google Scholar

[75] Seitsonen O., Mäkinen T., Forensic archaeology in Finland – Babysteps ahead. Conference presentation, FAANE 2021 – Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology in Northern Europe, 28 May 202110.2478/sjfs-2022-0013 Search in Google Scholar

[76] Maijanen H., Forensic anthropology in Finland: Practice and research, FAANE 2021 – Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology in Northern Europe, 28 May 202110.2478/sjfs-2022-0018 Search in Google Scholar

[77] Manninen O. 2020. Luita, tietotekniikkaa ja rikostutkintaa. Available at https://poliisi.fi/luita-tietotekniikkaa-ja-rikostutkintaa [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[78] Rainio J., Independent forensic examination of victims of armed conflict: Investigations of Finnish forensic expert team in the Balkan area, PhD thesis, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 2002 Search in Google Scholar

[79] Rainio J., Hedman M., Karkola K., Lalu K., Peltola P., Ranta H., et al., Forensic osteological investigations in Kosova, Forensic Science International, 2001, 121, 166-17310.1016/S0379-0738(01)00395-4 Search in Google Scholar

[80] Rainio J., Lalu K., Ranta H., Takamaa K., Penttilä A., Practical and legal aspects of forensic autopsy expert team operations, Legal Med., 2001, 3, 4, 220-23210.1016/S1344-6223(01)00041-4 Search in Google Scholar

[81] Happo J., Kadonneen henkilön etsintä: etsinnän kiireellisyys ja laajuus poliisin toimenpiteenä, BS thesis, Poliisiammattikorkeakoulu, Tampere, Finland, 2020 Search in Google Scholar

[82] Vapepa., Vapepa perusesitys 2021, [Internal documents], 2021 Search in Google Scholar

[83] Virta H., Ärväs R., Poliisin ja Vapepan yhteistyö Itä-Uudenmaan alueella. Koulutuspaketti Vapaaehtoisesta pelastuspalvelusta poliisimiehille, BS thesis, Poliisiammattikorkeakoulu, Tampere, Finland, 2019 Search in Google Scholar

[84] Vapepa., Vapepan vuosi 2020, 2021, Available at https://vapepa.fi/wp-content/uploads/Vapepan-vuosi-2020-.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[85] Poliisihallitus., POL-2018-49972: Kadonneen henkilön etsintä ja poliisitutkinta, 2019, Available at https://www.palveluskoiraliitto.fi/media/peko-tiedotteet/kadonneen-henkilon-etsinta-ja-poliisitutkinta.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[86] FAFAA. 2020. Suomen forensisen arkeologian ja osteologian seura ry. Available at: http://fafaa.fi/ [Accessed 17 November 2021] Search in Google Scholar

[87] LDH 2020. Lapland’s Dark Heritage. Material heritage of German WWII military presence in Finnish Lapland. Projektista / About the Project. Available at https://blogs.helsinki.fi/lapland-dark-heritage/projektista-about-the-project/ [Accessed 16 October 2021] Search in Google Scholar