Assessing the Impact of Varying Fines and Antistripping Agent on Moisture Susceptibility in Asphalt Concrete Mixtures

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Job mix formula observations for mix having 3%, 6%, and 9% fines (ASTM Standard, D-3515, 2014)_

Parameters	Criteria	Measured Value			Remarks (3%/6%/9%)
		3% fines	6% fines	9% fines
Optimum asphalt content (%)	NA	4.10	4.45	5.00	P/P/P
VMA (%)	14	14.10	14.10	16.60	P/P/P
VFA (%)	65–75	71.00	71.00	71.00	P/P/P
Stability (N)	8006	8630	8465	8110	P/P/P
Flow (mm)	2.0–3.5	2.55	2.85	3.10	P/P/P

Analysis of variance for dynamic modulus_

Sources	DF	SS	MSS	F-test	p-value
Main effects	3	190,552,515	63,517,505	1336.0	0.000
2-way interactions	3	8,892,063	2,964,021	62.35	0.000
3-way interactions	1	464,442	464,442	9.77	0.014
Residual error	8	380,322	47,540
Total	1	200,289,341	47,540

Comparison of different parameters for moisture susceptibility_

Fines (%)	Conditioning	Dynamic modulus ratio at 10 (Hz)		Tensile strength ratio		Resilient modulus ratio
		Without AS	With AS	Without AS	With AS	Without AS	With AS
3%	One cycle F-T	74	85	78	87	56	87
6%	One cycle F-T	74	81	80	89	68	90
9%	One cycle F-T	69	80	77	85	51	86

Factor's notations and their levels for analysis_

Factors	Notation	Levels
Frequency (Hz)	A	0.1	25
Fines (%)	B	3	9
Conditioning	C	Conditioned	Unconditioned

Peak load values in indirect tensile strength test_

Fines	Controlled unconditioned	Controlled conditioned	Antistripped and conditioned
3%	9200 (N)	7200 (N)	8000 (N)
6%	9500 (N)	7600 (N)	8500 (N)
9%	9100 (N)	7000 (N)	7700 (N)

Measured values of dynamic modulus with different percent fines and frequency_

Frequency (Hz)	Fines (%)	Conditioning	Dynamic modulus (MPa)
0.1	3	Conditioned	805
0.1	3	Conditioned	1036
0.1	9	Conditioned	1100
25	3	Conditioned	5704
25	3	Unconditioned	7474
25	3	Conditioned	6268
25	9	Conditioned	7501
0.1	9	Conditioned	845
25	9	Unconditioned	10.376
25	9	Conditioned	7091
0.1	3	Unconditioned	963
0.1	9	Unconditioned	1423
25	9	Unconditioned	10.508
25	3	Unconditioned	7124
0.1	3	Unconditioned	966
0.1	9	Unconditioned	1550

Sieve size with different percentages of fines_

Sieve size	Gradation with 3% fines		Gradation with 6% fines		Gradation with 9% fines
	% Passing	% Retained	% Passing	% Retained	% Passing	% Retained
3/4″	100	0	100	0	100	0
1/2″	80	20	85	15	86	14
3/8″	67	13	70	13	74	12
#4	47	20	57	20	54	20
#8	28	19	37	20	34	20
#16	9	19	17	20	14	20
#200	4	5	12	5	9	5
Pan		3		6		9