Prototype | Scaled Model | N*Scaled Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
[mm] | 3.375 | 0.541 | 3.246 | |
[kN/m2] | 2.488 | 2.305 | 2.305 |
Type of Effect | Normalized Deviation |
---|---|
Scale Effect | 3.8% |
Constitutive Model Effect | 15.9% |
ϕ’ Variability Effect | 32.4% |
ψ Variability Effect | 11.7% |
3D Effect (σxx vs σyy) | 15.4% |
H-S | M-C | Ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
[mm] | 1.799 | 0.736 | 2.4 | |
[mm] | 7.464 | 3.294 | 2.3 | |
[mm] | 7.678 | 3.375 | 2.3 | |
[kN/m2] | 3.426 | 2.488 | 1.4 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[mm] | 0.795 | 0.843 | 0.864 | 0.736 | 0.795 | 0.764 | |
[mm] | 3.016 | 3.033 | 3.046 | 3.294 | 3.016 | 3.038 | |
[mm] | 3.119 | 3.130 | 3.166 | 3.375 | 3.119 | 3.133 | |
[kN/m2] | 1.552 | 1.840 | 1.879 | 2.488 | 1.552 | 1.598 |
Parameter | Unit of Measurement | Backfill | Foundation |
---|---|---|---|
ρ | [kg/m3] | 1700 | 1800 |
E’ | [kN/m2] | 10900 | 20400 |
v’ | [] | 0.25 | 0.25 |
φ’ | [°] | 41.8 | 45.5 |
δ | [°] | 20.9 | 22.75 |
Rinter | [] | 0.427 | 0.412 |
ψ | [°] | 15.6 | 14.3 |
SCALING PATH | INVESTIGATION OUTPUT | ADVANTAGES | PROBLEMS |
---|---|---|---|
Microgravity To Terrestrial Gravity | Prototype Behavior | Low Cost; No Coriolis Effect | Fixed Size Reduction; Scale Error deduced by “Virtual Prototype” |
Microgravity To Hypergravity | Prototype Behavior | Further Size Reduction; Scale Error measured on Experimental Basis | High Cost; Coriolis Effect; Undesired Shear Stresses |
Parameter | Unit of Measurement | Backfill | Foundation |
---|---|---|---|
ρ | [kg/m3] | 1700 | 1800 |
E50ref | [kN/m2] | 10900 | 20400 |
Eoedref | [kN/m2] | 10900 | 20400 |
Eurref | [kN/m2] | 32700 | 61200 |
pref | [kN/m2] | 15 | 30 |
m | [] | 0.5 | 0.5 |
vur | [] | 0.20 | 0.20 |
φ’ | [°] | 41.8 | 45.5 |
δ | [°] | 20.9 | 22.75 |
Rinter | [] | 0.427 | 0.412 |
ψ | [°] | 15.6 | 14.3 |
x-direction | y-direction | ||
---|---|---|---|
[mm] | 3.375 | 2.901 | |
[kN/m2] | 2.488 | 1.825 |
Combination | φ’ | ψ | E’ | ν’ | δ | Rinter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[°] | [°] | [kN/m2] | [] | [°] | [] | |
45.50 | 15.60 | 20400 | 0.25 | 22.75 | 0.412 | |
45.50 | 20.90 | 14200 | 0.25 | 22.75 | 0.412 | |
45.50 | 22.60 | 11200 | 0.25 | 22.75 | 0.412 | |
41.80 | 15.60 | 10900 | 0.25 | 20.90 | 0.427 | |
45.50 | 15.60 | 20400 | 0.25 | 22.75 | 0.412 | |
49.70 | 15.60 | 24400 | 0.25 | 24.85 | 0.393 |