[Alcorn PJ, P Pyttel, J Bauhus, RGB Smith, D Thomas, R James and A Nicotra (2007) Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees. Forest Ecology and Management 252(1–3):41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.02110.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.021]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Arguedas M, M Rodriguez-Solis, R Moya, A Berrocal (2018) Gmelina arborea “death disease” in fast-growth plantations: effects of soil and climatic conditions on severity and incidence and its implications for wood quality. Forest Systems 27(1):003-0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2018271-1223610.5424/fs/2018271-12236]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Ávila-Arias C, R Murillo-Cruz, O Murillo-Gamboa and C Sandoval-Sandoval (2015) Desarrollo juvenil de clones de Gmelina arborea Roxb. de dos procedencias, en sitios planos del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, 12(28): 23-35. https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v12i28.209710.18845/rfmk.v12i28.2097]Search in Google Scholar
[Ávila-Arias C, O Murillo, D Arias and R Murillo (2016) Early selection potential of Gmelina arborea Roxb. clones based on physiological correlations of their nursery-field behavior. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 6(1):112-124]Search in Google Scholar
[Benomar L, A DesRochers and GR Larocque (2012). The effects of spacing on growth, morphology and biomass production and allocation in two hybrid poplar clones growing in the boreal region of Canada. Trees 26:939-949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-011-0671-610.1007/s00468-011-0671-6]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Broeckx LS, SP Vanbeveren, MS Verlinden and R Ceulemans (2015) First vs. second rotation of a poplar short rotation coppice: leaf area development, light interception and radiation use efficiency. iForest: Biogeosciences and Forestry 8: 565-573. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1457-00810.3832/ifor1457-008]Search in Google Scholar
[Carmona R, T Nuñez and MF Alonso (2015) Biomass yield and quality of an energy dedicated crop of poplar (Populus spp.) clones in the Mediterranean zone of Chile. Biomass and Bioenergy 74:96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.00410.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.004]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Cabrera AM, C Tozzini, S Espinoza, R Santelices and F Meza (2016) Biomass production and carbon balance of a short rotation forestry of Populus deltoides (clone Lux) under two different cutting cycles. Bosque 37(1):205-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-9200201600010001910.4067/S0717-92002016000100019]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Cerdá E, A Caparrós and P Ovando (2008) Bioenergía en la Unión Europea. Ekonomiaz 67:156-181]Search in Google Scholar
[Ceulemans R, RF Stettler, TM Hinckley, JG Isebrands and PE Heilman (1990) Crown architecture of Populus clones as determined by branch orientation and branch characteristics. Tree Physiology 7:157-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.15710.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.157]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Cutz L, P Haro, D Santana, and F Johnsson, (2016) Assessment of biomass energy sources and technologies: The case of Central America. Renewable Sustainable Energy Review 58:1411-1431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.32210.1016/j.rser.2015.12.322]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[DeBell DS, GW Clendenen, CA Harrington and JC Zasada (1996) Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation Populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings. Biomass and Bioenergy 11(4):253-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(96)00020-710.1016/0961-9534(96)00020-7]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Dillen SY, SN Djomo, N Al Afas, S Vanbeveren and R Ceulemans (2013) Biomass yield and energy balance of a short-rotation poplar coppice with multiple clones on degraded land during 16 years. Biomass and bioenergy 56:157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.04.01910.1016/j.biombioe.2013.04.019]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Djomo SN, A Zenone, T Ac, T De Groote, S Bergante, G Facciotto, H Sixto, P Ciria Ciria, J Wegerg and R Ceulemans (2015) Energy performances of intensive and extensive short rotation cropping systems for woody biomass production in the EU. Renewable Sustainable Energy Review 41:845-854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.05810.1016/j.rser.2014.08.058]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Dvorak WS (2004) World view of Gmelina arborea: opportunities and challenges. New Forest 28: 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040940.32574.2210.1023/B:NEFO.0000040940.32574.22]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Eufrade Junior HJ, RX Melo, MM Pereira Sartori, SP Sebastiao Guerra and AW Ballarin (2016) Sustainable use of eucalyptus biomass grown on short rotation coppice for bioenergy. Biomass and Bioenergy 90: 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.03710.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.037]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Fang S, X Xu, S Lu, and L Tang (1999) Growth dynamics and biomass production in short-rotation poplar plantations: 6-year results for three clones at four spacings. Biomass and Bioenergy 17:415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00060-410.1016/S0961-9534(99)00060-4]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Griffiths NA, BM Rau, KB Vaché, G Starr, MM Bitew, DP Aubrey, JA Martin, E Benton, R Jackson (2019). Environmental effects of short-rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn’t known. GCB Bioenergy 11(4): 554-572. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.1253610.1111/gcbb.12536]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Hall RB (1994) Use of the crown competition factor concept to select clones and spacings for short-rotation woody crops. Tree Physiology 14:899-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/14.7-8-9.89910.1093/treephys/14.7-8-9.89914967657]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Henskens F, M Battaglia, M Cherry and C Beadle (2001) Physiological basis of spacing effects on tree growth and form in Eucalyptus globulus. Trees-Structure and Function 15(6):365–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468010011410.1007/s004680100114]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Hegazy SS, IM Aref, H Al-Mefarrej and LI El-Juhany (2008) Effect of spacing on the biomass production and allocation in Conocarpus erectus L. trees grown in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Science 15(2):315–322.]Search in Google Scholar
[Inglesi-Lotz R (2016) The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic welfare: A panel data application. Energy Economics 53:58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.01.00310.1016/j.eneco.2015.01.003]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Junior HJE, RX de Melo, MMP Sartori, SPS Guerra and AW Ballarin (2016) Sustainable use of eucalypt biomass grown on short rotation coppice for bioenergy. Biomass and Bioenery 90:15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.03710.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.037]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Krebs JE (1975) A comparison of soils under agriculture and forests in San Carlos, Costa Rica. In Tropical Ecological Systems (pp. 381-390). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88533-4_2510.1007/978-3-642-88533-4_25]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Laureysens I, J Bogaert, R Blust and R Ceulemans (2004) Biomass production of 17 poplar clones in a short-rotation coppice culture on a waste disposal site and its relation to soil characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management 187(2-3): 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.00510.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.005]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Li Y, M Suontama, RD Burdon and HS Dungey (2017) Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: review of methodology and perspectives on research and application. Tree Genetics and Genomes 13(3):60-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-017-1144-x10.1007/s11295-017-1144-x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Man J, Y Shi, Z Yu and Y Zhang (2015) Dry matter production, photosynthesis of flag leaves and water use in winter wheat are affected by supplemental irrigation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. PloS one 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013727410.1371/journal.pone.0137274]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Mason EG, M Diepstraten, GL Pinjuv and JP Lasserre (2012) Comparison of direct and indirect leaf area index measurements of Pinus radiata D. Don. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 166-167: 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.06.01310.1016/j.agrformet.2012.06.013]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Moya R, C Tenorio and G Oporto (2019) Short rotation wood crops in Latin American: A review on status and potential uses of biomass. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1204070510.3390/en12040705]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Moya R and M Tomazello (2008) Variation in the wood anatomical structure of Gmelina arborea trees at different ecological conditions in Costa Rica. Revista Biología Tropical 56(2): 689-704.]Search in Google Scholar
[Moya R and M Tomazello (2009) Wood density variation and tree ring demarcation in Gmelina arborea trees using x-ray densitometry. Cerne 15 (1): 92-100.]Search in Google Scholar
[Murillo O, Y Badilla and SB Flores (2018) Costos de producción en ambiente protegido de clones para reforestación. Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 15(37), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v15i37.359910.18845/rfmk.v15i37.3599]Search in Google Scholar
[Paris P, L Mareschi, M Sabatti, A Pisanelli, A Ecosse, F Nardin and G Scarascia-Mugnozza (2011) Comparing hybrid populus clones for SRF across northern Italy after two biennial rotations: survival, growth and yield. Bio-mass and Bioenergy 35:1524-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.05010.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.050]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Pleguezuelo CRR, VHD Zuazo, C Bielders, JAJ Bocanegra, F PereaTorres and JRF Martínez (2015) Bioenergy farming using woody crops. A review. Agronomy Sustainable Development 35(1): 95-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0262-110.1007/s13593-014-0262-1]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Roeh RL and Maguire DA (1997) Crown profile models based on branch attributes in coastal Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management 96(1-2):77-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00033-910.1016/S0378-1127(97)00033-9]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Ryan MG and BJ Yoder (1997). Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth. Bioscience 47(4):235-242. https://doi.org/10.2307/131307710.2307/1313077]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Salazar-Zeledón E, R Moya and J Valaert (2015) Biomass and bioenergy production of Arundo donax L., Pennisetum purpureum Schum. and Pennisetum purpureum Schumack. x Pennisetum glaucum L. in short rotation cropping system in Costa Rica. Journal of Biobased Material and Bioenergy 9: 572-579. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2015.156210.1166/jbmb.2015.1562]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Schulze J, K Frank, JA Priess and MA Meyer (2016) Assessing regional-scale impacts of short rotation coppices on ecosystem services by modelling land-use decisions. PloS one. 11(4):e0153862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015386210.1371/journal.pone.0153862]Search in Google Scholar
[Schwerz F, E Eloy, EF Elli and BO Caron (2019) Reduced planting spacing increase radiation use efficiency and biomass for energy in black wattle plantations: Towards sustainable production systems. Biomass and Bioenergy 120: 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.03410.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.034]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Serrano R and R Moya (2011) Procesamiento, uso y mercado de la madera en Costa Rica: aspectos históricos y análisis crítico. Revista Forestal Mesoamericana 9(21):12-28]Search in Google Scholar
[Stolarski MJ, S Szczukowski, J Tworkowski, H Wróblewska and M Krzyżaniak (2011) Short rotation willow coppice biomass as an industrial and energy feedstock. Industrial Crops and Products 33: 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.013.10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.10.013]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Souza FC, GG dos Reis, MGF Reis, HG Leite, RS de Faria, JP Caliman, RA Barbosa and CHR de Oliveira. (2015) Growth of intact plants and coppice in short rotation eucalypt plantations. New Forests 47(2): 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-015-9509-110.1007/s11056-015-9509-1]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Taylor G, R Ceulemans, R Ferris, SDL Gardner and BY Shao (2001) Increased leaf area expansion of hybrid poplar in elevated CO2. From controlled environments to open-top chambers and to FACE. Environmental Pollution 115:463-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00235-410.1016/S0269-7491(01)00235-4]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Tenorio C, R Moya, D Arias-Aguilar and E Briceño-Elizondo (2016) Biomass yield and energy potential of short-rotation energy plantations of Gmelina arborea one year old in Costa Rica. Industrial Crops and Products 83: 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.00510.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.005]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Tenorio C, R Moya, D Arias-Aguilar (2018) Evaluation of changes in tree morphology parameters, biomass yield, chemical and energy properties at three spacings of short rotation energy plantations of Gmelina arborea in Costa Rica, from one to two years of age. Waste and Biomass Valorization 9(7): 1163-1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9896-y10.1007/s12649-017-9896-y]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Tenorio C, R Moya, E Ortiz and D Arias-Aguilar (2019) Production and regression models for biomass and carbon captured in Gmelina arborea trees in short rotation energy plantations in Costa Rica. Forest 10: 593. https://doi.org/10.3390/f1007059310.3390/f10070593]Search in Google Scholar
[Vallejos J, R Moya and R Serrano (2015) Effects of thinning on diameter, heartwood, density and drying defects of Gmelina arborea. Maderas Ciencia y Tecnología 17(2):365-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X201500500003410.4067/S0718-221X2015005000034]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Wang YP and Jarvis PG (1990) Influence of crown structural properties on PAR absorption, photosynthesis, and transpiration in Sitka spruce: application of a model (MAESTRO). Tree Physiology 7(1–4):297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.29710.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.29714972925]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Weiss M, F Baret, GJ Smith, I Jonckheere and P Coppin (2004) Review of methods for in situ leaf area index (LAI) determination Part II. Estimation of LAI, errors and sampling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 121: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.00110.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.001]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Wright SJ and FH Cornejo, F. H. (1990). Seasonal drought and leaf fall in a tropical forest. Ecology, 71(3), 1165-1175. https://doi.org/10.2307/193738410.2307/1937384]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Wu HX, M Ivkovic, WJ Gapare, AC Matheson, BS Baltunis, MB Powell and TA McRae (2008) Breeding for wood quality and profit in Pinus radiata: a review of genetic parameter estimates and implications for breeding and deployment. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 38(1), 56-87.]Search in Google Scholar
[Zamora DS, KG Apostol, WE Berguson, TA Volk, J Wright and EJ Ogdahl (2015) Short rotation woody crops biomass production. In: Biomass and biofuels: advanced biorefineries for sustainable production and distribution. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 392 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/b1839810.1201/b18398]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar