Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Can Well-Being and Socializing through Fitness Foster the Fitness Center Satisfaction and Loyalty? Empirical Research in a Post-Crisis Context

,  und   
04. Sept. 2025

Zitieren
COVER HERUNTERLADEN

Abbas, A., Khan, I. A., Yahya, M., Akram, M. W., Sanwal, M. A. K., & Ullah, H. (2021). Impact of advertising on brand image: Evidence from Southern Punjab Pakistan. Journal of International Business and Management Studies, 2(1), 33–43. Search in Google Scholar

Addolorato, S., García-Fernández, J., Gallardo, L., & García-Unanue, J. (2020). An overview of the origins and effectiveness of commercial fitness equipment and sectoral corporate settings: A critical review of literature. Applied Sciences, 10(4), 1534. Search in Google Scholar

Attri, R., Baghwat, J., & Reardon, J. (2024). Creating a loyal clientele: The role of service environment in health and fitness facilities. Management Dynamics, 24(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.57198/2583-4932.1329. Search in Google Scholar

Batrakoulis, A., Veiga, O. L., Franco, S., Thomas, E., Alexopoulos, A., Torrente, M. V., Santos-Rocha, R., Ramalho, F., DiCredico, A., Vitucci, D., Ramos, L., Simões, V., Romero-Caballero, A., Vieira, I., Mancini, A., & Bianco, A. (2023). Health and fitness trends in Southern Europe for 2023: A cross-sectional survey. AIMS Public Health, 10(2), 378–408. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023028. Search in Google Scholar

Budler, M., & Božič, K. (2024). Adopting transitional business models in small fitness businesses in response to business disruptions. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 33(3), 92–156. https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.92989. Search in Google Scholar

Bui, H. N., & Duong, C. D. (2024). ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship and digital entrepreneurial intention: A moderated mediation model of technostress and digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 19(2), 391–428. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.3074. Search in Google Scholar

Campos, F., Martins, F., & Gomes, R. (2023). La imagen del instructor de actividades de grupo de fitness (The image of the group exercise fitness instructor). Retos, 49, 525–531. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98954. Search in Google Scholar

Chatzoudes, D., Kadłubek, M., & Maditinos, D. (2024). Green logistics practices: The antecedents and effects for supply chain management in the modern era . Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 19(3), 991–1034. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2864. Search in Google Scholar

Chen, K.-C., & Yu, Y. (2017). The effectiveness of corporate advertising in a collegiate fitness center. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 5(7), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i7.2458. Search in Google Scholar

Dabija, D. C., Csorba, L., Pop, N. H., & Obadă, R. D. (2024). The impact of extraversion and introversion on the propensity to recommend the preferred fitness centre. Behavioral Sciences, 14(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14010022 Search in Google Scholar

Dam, S. M., & Dam, T. C. (2021). Relationships between service quality, brand image, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 585–593. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.0585. Search in Google Scholar

Davis, J., Taira, D. A., Lim, E., & Chen, J. (2023). Socialization, relaxation, and leisure across the day by social determinants of health: Results from the American Time Use Survey, 2014-2016. Healthcare, 11(11), 1581. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111581. Search in Google Scholar

Deloitte (2022). European Health & Fitness Market Report 2022. Available at https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumer-business/EHFMR_2022_Auszug_Report.pdf. Accessed 3.9.2024. Search in Google Scholar

Denworth, L. (2020). Friendship. Norton and Co. Search in Google Scholar

Dias, C., Ferreira, A., Pereira, A. R., & Fonseca, A. (2019). Examining the relationship between perceived service quality, satisfaction, and renewal intention in Portuguese fitness centres. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, 28(2), 49–58. Search in Google Scholar

Milon, A. G., Dragoș, C. M., Vereș, V. A., Baciu, L., & Mare, R. (2024). Sports and Clean Environment: Key Drivers of Health and Longevity in the European Union. Amfiteatru Economic, 26(67), 975–990. https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2024/67/975. Search in Google Scholar

EAC (2024). Europe Active. Available at: https://www.europeactive.eu/. Accessed 20.8.2024. Search in Google Scholar

Elsotouhy, M. M., Ghonim, M. A., Alasker, T. H., & Khashan, M. A. (2022). Investigating health and fitness app users’ stickiness, WOM, and continuance intention using S-O-R Model: The moderating role of health consciousness. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(5), 1235–1250. Search in Google Scholar

Eskiler, E., & Safak, F. (2022). Effect of customer experience quality on loyalty in fitness services. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 94, 21–34. Search in Google Scholar

Fernando, A., Djuhana, F. S. P., Saputri, V., & Sundjaja, A. M. (2022). The behavioural intention in e-sports spectators: SOR Model implementation. Proceedings of the 3rd Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, September 13-15. Search in Google Scholar

Ferreira-Barbosa, H., Barbosa, J., Sabino, B., & Loureiro, V. (2023). Determinants of service quality influencing customer satisfaction in fitness centres: A systematic review. European Journal of Human Movement, 49. https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2022.49.3. Search in Google Scholar

Florea, N. V., Croitoru, G., Robescu, V.O., Lile, R., Joldes, S. R., Isac, F. L., & Cuc, L. D. (2023). Improving the management of physical activity and recreational sport program to promote health and wellbeing for EU citizens using mathematical simulation. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 4(57), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/57.4.23.14. Search in Google Scholar

Freitas, A. L. P., & Lacerda, T. S. (2018). Fitness centres: What are the most important attributes in this sector? International Journal of Quality Research, 13(1), 177–192. Search in Google Scholar

Gálvez-Ruiz, P., Calabuig, F., Grimaldi-Puyana, M., González-Serrano, M. H., & García-Fernández, J. (2023). The effect of perceived quality and customer engagement on the loyalty of users of Spanish fitness centres. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 36(4), 445–462. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-01-2023-0014. Search in Google Scholar

García-Fernández, J., Gálvez-Ruíz, P., Fernández-Gavira, J., Vélez-Colón, L., Pitts, B., & Bernal-García, A. (2018). The effects of service convenience and perceived quality on perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty in low-cost fitness centres. Sport Management Review, 21(3), 250–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.003. Search in Google Scholar

Garcia-Pascual, F., Prado-Gasco, V., Alguacial, M., Valentine, I., & Calabuig-Moreno, F. (2020). Future intentions of fitness centre customers: Effect of emotions, perceived well-being and management variables. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 547846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.547846. Search in Google Scholar

Gilani, S. R. M., & Dashipour, A. (2017). The effects of physical activity on self-esteem: A comparative study. International Journal of High-Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 6(1), e35955. Search in Google Scholar

Gocłowska, S., Piątkowska, M., & Lenartowicz, M. (2019). Customer satisfaction and its measurement in fitness clubs of Warsaw. Economics and Sociology, 12(2), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-2/12. Search in Google Scholar

Grafton, S. (2020). Physical Intelligence. Pantheon Books. Search in Google Scholar

Habachi, S., Matute, J., & Palau-Saumell, R. (2024). Gamify, engage, build loyalty: exploring the benefits of gameful experience for branded sports apps. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 33(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-07-2022-4070. Search in Google Scholar

Hadiwijaya, O., Kusmaningtyas, A., & Halik, A. (2021). Relationship between service quality and customer delight and customer loyalty at the Fitness Center Business in East Java. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management, 2(3), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i3.147. Search in Google Scholar

Hariyanto, M. A. D., & Anandya, D. (2021). The significance of service quality on customer loyalty with corporate image and customer satisfaction as mediators. Journal Management and Business, 20, 97–116. Search in Google Scholar

Heckel, L., Eime, R., Karg, A., McDonald, H., Yeomans, C., & O’Boyle, I. (2023). A systematic review of the benefits of being active through leisure and fitness centres. Leisure Studies, 43(4), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2243654. Search in Google Scholar

Hussain, A., Hooi Ting, D., Zaib Abbasi, A., & Rehman, U. (2022). Integrating the SOR model to examine purchase intention based on Instagram sponsored advertising. Journal of Promotion Management, 29(1), 77–105. Search in Google Scholar

Inoue, Y., Lock, D., Sato, M., Aizawa, K., Mikura, A., Kohno, N., & Ogasawara, E. (2024). What explains the benefits of physical activity? A mixed-methods analysis of the roles of participation frequency and social identification. Social Science & Medicine, 340, 116454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116454. Search in Google Scholar

Iwon, K., Skibinska, J., Jasielska, D., & Kalwarczyk, S. (2021). Elevating subjective well-being through physical exercises: An intervention study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 702678. Search in Google Scholar

Jan, W., Byon, K., & Yim, B. (2017). Sportscape, emotion, and behavioral intention: a case of the big four US-based major sport leagues. European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(3), 321–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1607521. Search in Google Scholar

Jang, W. Y, & Baek, S. Y. (2024). The relative importance of servicescape in fitness center for facility improvement. Heliyon, 10(9), e29562. Search in Google Scholar

Jeong, Y., Kim, E., & Kim, S.-K. (2020). Understanding active sport tourist behaviours in small-scale sport events: Stimulus-Organism-Response approach. Sustainability, 12, 8192. Search in Google Scholar

Jin, X., Qiu, T., Li, L., Yu, R., Chen, X., Li, C., Proud, C. G., & Jiang, T. (2023). Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 13(6), 2403–2424. Search in Google Scholar

Kalgotra, P., Raja, U., & Sharda, R. (2022). Growth in the development of health and fitness mobile apps amid COVID-19 pandemic. Digital Health, 8(1), 205520762211290. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221129070. Search in Google Scholar

Klemm, K., Krell-Roesch, J., De Clerck, I. L., Brehm, W., & Boes, K. (2021). Health-Related Fitness in Adults From Eight European Countries—An Analysis Based on Data From the European Fitness Badge. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 615237. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.615237. Search in Google Scholar

Kim, K. T., Bae, J., Kim, J.-C., & Lee, S. (2016), The servicescape in the fitness center: Measuring fitness centre’s services. International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism, 21, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874X-21a. Search in Google Scholar

Kunc, J., Novotná, M., Reichel, V., Križan, F., & Bilková, K. (2024). Bricks or clicks? Factors influencing shopping behavior of Generation Z. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 19(2), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2999. Search in Google Scholar

Lachman, M., Lipsitz, L., Lubben, J., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., & Jette, A. (2018). When adults don’t exercise: Behavioral strategies to increase physical activity in sedentary middle-aged and older adults. Innovation in Aging, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy007. Search in Google Scholar

Lazaroiu, G., & Rogalska, E. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence marketing, algorithmic predictive modeling, and customer behavior analytics in the multisensory extended reality metaverse. Oeconomia Copernicana, 15(3), 825–835. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.3190. Search in Google Scholar

Lăzăroiu, G., Gedeon, T., Rogalska, E., Andronie, M., Frajtova Michalikova, K., Musova, Z., Iatagan, M., Uță, C., Martínez Michalkova, L., Kovacova, M., Ștefănescu, R., Hurloiu, I., Zabojnik, S., Stefko, R., Dijmărescu, A., Dijmărescu, I., & Geamănu, M. (2024). The economics of deep and machine learning-based algorithms for COVID-19 prediction, detection, and diagnosis shaping the organizational management of hospitals. Oeconomia Copernicana, 15(1), 27–58. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2984. Search in Google Scholar

León-Quismondo, J., Jorge, G.-U., & Pablo, B. (2020). Best practices for fitness center business sustainability: A qualitative vision. Sustainability, 12, 5067. Search in Google Scholar

Levintin, D. J. (2020). Successful Aging. Dutton. Search in Google Scholar

Liao, S., Hu, D., Chung, Y., & Chen, L. (2017). LMX and employee satisfaction: mediating effect of psychological capital. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 433–449. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2015-0275. Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Z., Guo, R., Liu, J., Dong, F., Shi, Y., & Cai, Q. (2022). Research and prospect analysis of sports consumption willingness based on public health emergencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 792686. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792686. Search in Google Scholar

Macon, R. (2020). Customer retention strategies in the fitness industry, Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection, Walden University. Available online at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9350&context=dissertations/1000. Accessed 10.9.2024. Search in Google Scholar

Mahindru, A., Patil, P., & Agrawal, V. (2023). Role of physical activity on mental health and well-being: A review. Cureus, 15(1), e33475. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33475. Search in Google Scholar

Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. (1974). An approach to environmental Psychology. MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar

Moravec, V., Hynek, N., Gavurova, B., & Kubak, M. (2024). Everyday artificial intelligence unveiled: Societal awareness of technological transformation. Oeconomia Copernicana, 15(2), 367–406. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2961. Search in Google Scholar

Ong, A., Prasetyo, Y., Picazo, K. L., Salvador, K. A., Miraja, B., Kurata, Y. B., Chuenyindee, T., & Young, M. N. (2021). Gym-Goers preference analysis of fitness centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A conjoint analysis approach for business sustainability. Sustainability, 13, 481. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/su131810481. Search in Google Scholar

Özgen, C., Kim, E., Köse, H., Balcı, V., & Çevik, H. (2024). How expanded servicescape shapes fitness center members’ decision-making processes: a stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Early Access. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-08-2024-0216. Search in Google Scholar

Pedragosa, V., Biscaia, R., & Correia, A. (2015). The role of emotions on consumers’ satisfaction within the fitness context. Motriz, 21(2), 116–124. Search in Google Scholar

Pradeep, S., Menon, V., & Rajasenan, D. (2020). The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in fitness firms. Management Science Letters, 10(9), 2011–2020. Search in Google Scholar

Prokop, V., Zapletal, D., Stejskal, J., Giglio, C., & Appolloni, A. (2024). Business model innovation elements and product innovation radicalness: Central European lessons for innovation leaders and followers. Oeconomia Copernicana, 15(2), 471–506. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.3004. Search in Google Scholar

Puertas, S., Illescas Manzano, M. D., Segovia López, C., & Ribeiro-Cardoso, P. (2024). Purchase intentions in a chatbot environment: An examination of the effects of customer experience. Oeconomia Copernicana, 15(1), 145–194. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2914. Search in Google Scholar

Qiu, Z. (2020). The influence of the design and manufacture of sports equipment on sports, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1549, 032039. Search in Google Scholar

Rada, A., & Szabó, Á. (2022). The impact of the pandemic on the fitness sector: The general international situation and a Hungarian example. Society and Economy, 44(4), 477–497. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2022.00018. Search in Google Scholar

Rahman, M. M., Rosenberger, P. J., Yun, J. H., de Oliveira, M. J., & Köcher, S. (2024). Keeping the ball rolling: using the S-O-R framework to investigate the determinants of football fan loyalty. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(1), 122–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-02-2022-0126. Search in Google Scholar

Rane, N. L., Achari, A., & Choudhary, S. P. (2023). Enhancing customer loyalty through quality of service: effective strategies to improve customer satisfaction, experience, relationship, and engagement. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 5(5), 427–452. https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS38104. Search in Google Scholar

Riseth, L., Nøst, T., Nilsen, T., & Steinsbeck, A. (2019). Long-term members’ use of fitness centres: a qualitative study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11(2), 1–9. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-019-0114-z. Search in Google Scholar

Septianto, F., Ye, S., & Northey, G. (2021). The effectiveness of advertising images in promoting experiential offerings: An emotional response approach. Journal of Business Research, 122, 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.015. Search in Google Scholar

Septiarini, E., Susyani, N., & Ihsani, S. (2023). The influence of service experience and service quality on customer loyalty moderated by customer satisfaction at fitness centers for women in Bandung City. Jurnal Sains Keolahragaan dan Kesehatan, 8(1), 1–16. https://www.doi.org/10.5614/jskk.2023.8.1.1. Search in Google Scholar

Stajer, V., Milovanović, I., Todorović, N., Ranisavljev, M., Pišot, S., & Drid, P. (2022). Let’s (tik) talk about fitness trends. Frontiers of Public Health, 10, 899949. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.899949. Search in Google Scholar

Statista (2023). Revenue of fitness companies in Romania 2008-2022. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1202769/romania-revenue-of-fitness-companies accessed 22.8.2024. Search in Google Scholar

Świadek, A., & Gorączkowska, J. (2024). Evolution of the regional innovation system in terms of the Covid-19 pandemic, financial and economic crisis: The long term perspective from Central European region. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 19(3), 913–956. https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.3076. Search in Google Scholar

Tahir, A. H., Adnan, M., & Saeed, Z. (2024). The impact of brand image on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 10(16), e36254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36254. Search in Google Scholar

TG (2024). https://www.technogym.com/my/newsroom/fitness-market-growth-europe/, accessed 208.2024. Search in Google Scholar

Tikac, G., Unal, A., & Altug, F. (2022). Regular exercise improves the levels of self-efficacy, self-esteem and body awareness of young adults. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 62(1), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12143-7. Search in Google Scholar

Toros, T., Ogras, E. B., Toy, A. B., Kulak, A., Esen, H. T., Ozer, S. C., & Celik, T. (2023). The impact of regular exercise on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in older adults. Behavioral Sciences, 13, 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090714. Search in Google Scholar

Vieira, E., & Ferreira, J. (2018). Strategic framework of fitness clubs based on quality dimensions: the blue ocean strategy approach. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 29, 648–1667. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1290523. Search in Google Scholar

Wang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R., & Johnson, S. (2018). Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 156. Search in Google Scholar

Williams, A. S., Park, B., & Pedersen, Z. P. (2023). The influence of music on self-paced fitness consumers’ perceived motivational qualities and optimal level of emotional state and satisfaction with exercise experience. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 23(4), 310–326. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2023.131950. Search in Google Scholar

Xu, K., Chen, K., Kim, E., García-Fernández, J., Nauright, J., & Zhang, J. (2021). Dimensions of service quality in health-fitness clubs in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 567. Search in Google Scholar

Yin, H., Huang, X., & Zhou, G. (2024). An empirical investigation into the impact of social media fitness videos on users’ exercise intentions. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030157. Search in Google Scholar

Yoshida, M., Sato, M., Pizzo, A. D., & Kuramasu, R. (2023). The evolution of psychological involvement and customer loyalty: a longitudinal analysis of fitness facility members. Sport Management Review, 26(5), 744–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2023.2215557. Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, H., Yao, X., Liu, Z., & Yang, Q. (2021). Impact of pricing and product information on consumer buying behaviour with customer satisfaction in a mediating role. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 151. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720151. Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, X., & Krishnan, A. (2019). What predicts exercise maintenance and well-being? Examining the influence of health-related psychographic factors and social media communication. Health Communication, 34(6), 589–597. Search in Google Scholar