Geology and Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Magnesian Granitoids Within Proterozoic Schist Belt of Southwest Nigeria

[1] Handoko, A.D., Sanjaya, E. (2018): Characteristics and genesis of Rare Earth Element (REE) in western Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: 118, 012077, DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012077. HandokoA.D. SanjayaE. 2018 Characteristics and genesis of Rare Earth Element (REE) in western Indonesia IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 118 012077 10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012077 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[2] Orris, G.J., Grauch, R.I. (2002): Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, Tucson, pp. 2–189. OrrisG.J. GrauchR.I. 2002 Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Tucson 2 189 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Xie, Y.L., Hou, Z.Q., Goldfarb, R.J., Guo, X., Wang, L. (2016): Rare earth element deposits in China. Reviews in Economic Geology, 18, pp. 115–136. XieY.L. HouZ.Q. GoldfarbR.J. GuoX. WangL. 2016 Rare earth element deposits in China Reviews in Economic Geology 18 115 136 Search in Google Scholar

[4] Xu, C., Kynický, J., Smith, M.P., Kopriva, A., Brtnický, M., Urubek, T., Yang, Y., Zhao, Z., He, C., Song, W. (2017): Origin of heavy rare earth mineralization in South China. Nature Communications, 8, 14598, DOI:10.1038/ncomms14598. XuC. KynickýJ. SmithM.P. KoprivaA. BrtnickýM. UrubekT. YangY. ZhaoZ. HeC. SongW. 2017 Origin of heavy rare earth mineralization in South China Nature Communications 8 14598 10.1038/ncomms14598 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[5] Krishnamurthy, P. (2020): Rare Metal (RM) and Rare Earth Element (REE) Resources: World Scenario with Special Reference to India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 95(5), pp. 465–474, DOI:10.1007/s12594-020-1463-7. KrishnamurthyP. 2020 Rare Metal (RM) and Rare Earth Element (REE) Resources: World Scenario with Special Reference to India Journal of the Geological Society of India 95 5 465 474 10.1007/s12594-020-1463-7 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[6] Ukeagbu, V.U., Beka, F.T. (2008): Rare-earth elements as source indicators of Pan-African granites from Obudu Plateau, Southeastern Nigeria. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 27(2), pp. 130–134, DOI:10.1007/s11631-008-0130-2. UkeagbuV.U. BekaF.T. 2008 Rare-earth elements as source indicators of Pan-African granites from Obudu Plateau, Southeastern Nigeria Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27 2 130 134 10.1007/s11631-008-0130-2 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[7] Omotunde, V.B., Olatunji, A.S., Abdus-Salam, M.O. (2020): Rare Earth Elements Assessment in the Granitoids of Part of Southwestern Nigeria. European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 1(5), pp. 4244–4261, DOI:org/10.24018/ejgeo.2020.1.5.79. OmotundeV.B. OlatunjiA.S. Abdus-SalamM.O. 2020 Rare Earth Elements Assessment in the Granitoids of Part of Southwestern Nigeria European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 1 5 4244 4261 DOI:org/10.24018/ejgeo.2020.1.5.79 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Okunlola, O.A., Ajibola, O.M., Olisa, O.G. (2022): Rare element geochemistry and abundances in syenites and charnockitic rocks of selected locations within Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Geoenvironment, 68(3), pp. 1–10, DOI:10.2478/rmzmag-2021-0018. OkunlolaO.A. AjibolaO.M. OlisaO.G. 2022 Rare element geochemistry and abundances in syenites and charnockitic rocks of selected locations within Southwestern Nigeria Materials and Geoenvironment 68 3 1 10 10.2478/rmzmag-2021-0018 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[9] Rudnick, R.L., Gao, S. (2003): Composition of the Continental Crust. In: Treatise on geochemistry, Vol. 3, Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K. (eds.). Pergamon: Oxford, pp. 1–64, DOI:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4. RudnickR.L. GaoS. 2003 Composition of the Continental Crust In: Treatise on geochemistry 3 HollandH.D. TurekianK.K. (eds.). Pergamon Oxford 1 64 10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[10] White, A.J.R., Chappell, B.W. (1983): Granitoid Types and Their Distribution in the Lachlan Fold Belt, Southeastern Australia. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 159, pp. 21–34, DOI.org/10.1130/MEM159-p21. WhiteA.J.R. ChappellB.W. 1983 Granitoid Types and Their Distribution in the Lachlan Fold Belt, Southeastern Australia Geological Society of America Memoirs 159 21 34 DOI.org/10.1130/MEM159-p21 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Frost, B.R., Barnes, C.G., Collins, W.J., Arculus, R.J., Ellis, D.J., Frost, C.D. (2001): A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 42, pp. 2033–2048, DOI: 10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033. FrostB.R. BarnesC.G. CollinsW.J. ArculusR.J. EllisD.J. FrostC.D. 2001 A geochemical classification for granitic rocks Journal of Petrology 42 2033 2048 10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[12] Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., Tindle, A.G. (1984): Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25(4), pp. 956–983. PearceJ.A. HarrisN.B.W. TindleA.G. 1984 Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks Journal of Petrology 25 4 956 983 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Harris, N.B.W., Pearce, J.A., Tindle, A.G. (1986): Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism. In: Collision Tectonics, Coward, M.P., Ries, A.C. (eds.). Geological Society London Special Publication:UK, 19, pp. 67–81. HarrisN.B.W. PearceJ.A. TindleA.G. 1986 Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism In: Collision Tectonics CowardM.P. RiesA.C. (eds.). Geological Society London Special Publication UK 19 67 81 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Tagami, T., Hasebe, N. (1999): Cordilleran-type orogeny and episodic growth of continents: Insights from the circum-Pacific continental margins. The Island Arc, 8(2), pp. 206–217, DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1738.1999.00232.x. TagamiT. HasebeN. 1999 Cordilleran-type orogeny and episodic growth of continents: Insights from the circum-Pacific continental margins The Island Arc 8 2 206 217 10.1046/j.1440-1738.1999.00232.x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[15] McLemore, V.T. (2014): Rare Earth Elements Deposits in New Mexico. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals, Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper #9. Conway, F.M. (ed.). Phoenix: Arizona, pp. 1–16. McLemoreV.T. 2014 Rare Earth Elements Deposits in New Mexico In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals, Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper #9 ConwayF.M. (ed.). Phoenix Arizona 1 16 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Oyawoye, M.O. (1967): The petrology of a potassic syenite and its associated biotite pyroxenite at Shaki, Western Nigeria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 16, pp. 115–138. OyawoyeM.O. 1967 The petrology of a potassic syenite and its associated biotite pyroxenite at Shaki, Western Nigeria Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 16 115 138 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Rahaman, M.A., Tubosun, I.A., Lancelot, J.R. (1991): U-Pb geochronology of potassic syenites from Southwestern Nigeria and the timing of deformational events during the Pan-African Orogeny. Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East), 13(3–4), 387–395, DOI:10.1016/0899-5362(91)90102-5. RahamanM.A. TubosunI.A. LancelotJ.R. 1991 U-Pb geochronology of potassic syenites from Southwestern Nigeria and the timing of deformational events during the Pan-African Orogeny Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 13 3–4 387 395 10.1016/0899-5362(91)90102-5 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[18] Elueze, A.A. (1981): Petrographic studies of metabasic rocks and meta-ultramafites in relation to mineralisation in Nigerian schist belts. Journal of Mining and Geology, 18(1), pp. 31–36. EluezeA.A. 1981 Petrographic studies of metabasic rocks and meta-ultramafites in relation to mineralisation in Nigerian schist belts Journal of Mining and Geology 18 1 31 36 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Middlemost, E.A. (1994): Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science Reviews, 37(3–4), pp. 215–224, DOI: org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9. MiddlemostE.A. 1994 Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system Earth-Science Reviews 37 3–4 215 224 DOI: org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Enrique, P. (2018): Clasificación normativa de las rocas plutónicas saturadas y sobresaturadas en sílice basada en la clasificación modal QAP: El diagrama 2Q-(or+ab)-4an. Geogaceta, 63, pp. 95–98. EnriqueP. 2018 Clasificación normativa de las rocas plutónicas saturadas y sobresaturadas en sílice basada en la clasificación modal QAP: El diagrama 2Q-(or+ab)-4an Geogaceta 63 95 98 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Lameyre, J., Bowden, P. (1982): Plutonic rock type series: discrimination of various granitoid series and related rocks. Journal of Volcanological and Geothermal Research, 14, pp. 169–186. LameyreJ. BowdenP. 1982 Plutonic rock type series: discrimination of various granitoid series and related rocks Journal of Volcanological and Geothermal Research 14 169 186 Search in Google Scholar

[22] Cobbings, E.J. (2000): The Geology and Mapping of Granite Batholiths. Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, 141 p. CobbingsE.J. 2000 The Geology and Mapping of Granite Batholiths Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 141 p. Search in Google Scholar

[23] Bowden, P., Batchelor, R.A., Chappell, B.W., Didier, J., Lameyre, J. (1984): Petrological geochemical and source criteria for the classification of granitic rocks: a discussion. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 35, pp. 1–11. BowdenP. BatchelorR.A. ChappellB.W. DidierJ. LameyreJ. 1984 Petrological geochemical and source criteria for the classification of granitic rocks: a discussion Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 35 1 11 Search in Google Scholar

[24] Miyashiro, A. (1974): Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins. American Journal of Science, 274(4), pp. 321–355, DOI: 10.2475/ajs.274.4.321. MiyashiroA. 1974 Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins American Journal of Science 274 4 321 355 10.2475/ajs.274.4.321 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[25] Paulick, H., Bach, W., Godard, M., De Hoog, J.C.M., Suhr, G., Harvey, J. (2006): Geochemistry of abyssal peridotites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 15°20′N, ODP Leg 209) implications for fluid/rock interaction in slow spreading environments. Chemical Geology, 234(3–4), pp. 179–210, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.04.011. PaulickH. BachW. GodardM. De HoogJ.C.M. SuhrG. HarveyJ. 2006 Geochemistry of abyssal peridotites (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 15°20′N, ODP Leg 209) implications for fluid/rock interaction in slow spreading environments Chemical Geology 234 3–4 179 210 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.04.011 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[26] Barbarin, B. (1999): A Review of the Relationships between Granitoid Types, Their Origins and Their Geodynamic Environments. Lithos, 46, pp. 605–626, DOI: 10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00085-1. BarbarinB. 1999 A Review of the Relationships between Granitoid Types, Their Origins and Their Geodynamic Environments Lithos 46 605 626 10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00085-1 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[27] Frost, C.D., Frost, B.R. (2011): On Ferroan (A-type) Granitoids: their Compositional Variability and Modes of Origin. Journal of Petrology, 52(1), pp. 39–53. FrostC.D. FrostB.R. 2011 On Ferroan (A-type) Granitoids: their Compositional Variability and Modes of Origin Journal of Petrology 52 1 39 53 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Bergemann, C., Jung, S., Berndt, J., Stracke, A., Hauff, F. (2014): Generation of magnesian, high-K alkali-calcic granites and granodiorites from amphibolitic continental crust in the Damara orogen, Namibia. Lithos, 198–199, pp. 217–233. BergemannC. JungS. BerndtJ. StrackeA. HauffF. 2014 Generation of magnesian, high-K alkali-calcic granites and granodiorites from amphibolitic continental crust in the Damara orogen, Namibia Lithos 198–199 217 233 Search in Google Scholar

[29] Pitcher, W.S. (1987): Granites and yet more granites forty years on. Geologische Rundschau, 76, pp. 51–79. PitcherW.S. 1987 Granites and yet more granites forty years on Geologische Rundschau 76 51 79 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Frost, B.R., Frost, C.D. (2008): A geochemical classification for feldspathic igneous rocks. Journal of Petrology, 49, pp. 1955–1969. FrostB.R. FrostC.D. 2008 A geochemical classification for feldspathic igneous rocks Journal of Petrology 49 1955 1969 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S.R. (1976): Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58, pp. 63–81, DOI: 10.1007/BF00384745. PeccerilloA. TaylorS.R. 1976 Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58 63 81 10.1007/BF00384745 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[32] Shand, S.J. (1943): The Eruptive Rocks, 2^nd ed. John Wiley: New York, 444 p. ShandS.J. 1943 The Eruptive Rocks 2nd ed. John Wiley New York 444 p. Search in Google Scholar

[33] Cabanis, B., Lecolle, M. (1989): Le diagramme La/10-Y/15-Nb/8: un outil pour la discrimination des séries volcaniques et la mise en évidence des processus de mélange et/ou de contamination crustale. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, Series IIA 309: pp. 2023–2029. CabanisB. LecolleM. 1989 Le diagramme La/10-Y/15-Nb/8: un outil pour la discrimination des séries volcaniques et la mise en évidence des processus de mélange et/ou de contamination crustale Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences Series IIA 309 2023 2029 Search in Google Scholar

[34] Pearce, J.A. (1982): Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. In: Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks, Thorpe, R.S. (ed.). John Wiley and Sons: Chichester, pp. 525–548. PearceJ.A. 1982 Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries In: Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks ThorpeR.S. (ed.). John Wiley and Sons Chichester 525 548 Search in Google Scholar

[35] Batchelor, R.A., Bowden, P. (1985): Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters. Chemical Geology, 48, pp. 43–55, DOI: 10.1016/00092541(85)900348. BatchelorR.A. BowdenP. 1985 Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters Chemical Geology 48 43 55 10.1016/00092541(85)900348 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[36] Taylor, S.R., McLennan S.M. (1995): The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Review Geophysics, 33, pp. 241–265. TaylorS.R. McLennanS.M. 1995 The geochemical evolution of the continental crust Review Geophysics 33 241 265 Search in Google Scholar

[37] Ishihara, S., Hua, R., Hoshino, M., Murakami, H. (2008): REE Abundance and REE Minerals in Granitic Rocks in the Nanling Range, Jiangxi Province, Southern China, and Generation of the REE-rich Weathered Crust Deposits. Resource Geology, 58(4), pp. 355–372, DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00070.x. IshiharaS. HuaR. HoshinoM. MurakamiH. 2008 REE Abundance and REE Minerals in Granitic Rocks in the Nanling Range, Jiangxi Province, Southern China, and Generation of the REE-rich Weathered Crust Deposits Resource Geology 58 4 355 372 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00070.x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[38] Tian, M.-J., Li, H., Tamehe, L.S., Xi, Z. (2021): Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Zengudi and Tuobake Granite Porphyries in the Sanjiang Region, SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance. Minerals, 11, 404, DOI:10.3390/min11040404. TianM.-J. LiH. TameheL.S. XiZ. 2021 Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Zengudi and Tuobake Granite Porphyries in the Sanjiang Region, SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance Minerals 11 404 10.3390/min11040404 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[39] Boynton, W.V. (1984): Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: Meteorite studies. In: Rare Earth Element geochemistry, Henderson, P. (ed.). Elsevier: New York, pp. 63–114. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-42148-7.50008-3. BoyntonW.V. 1984 Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: Meteorite studies In: Rare Earth Element geochemistry HendersonP. (ed.). Elsevier New York 63 114 10.1016/B978-0-444-42148-7.50008-3 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[40] Yang, X. (2019): Using Rare Earth Elements (REE) to decipher the origin of ore fluids associated with granite intrusions. Minerals, 9, pp. 426, DOI:10.3390/min11040404:10.3390/min9070426. YangX. 2019 Using Rare Earth Elements (REE) to decipher the origin of ore fluids associated with granite intrusions Minerals 9 426 10.3390/min11040404:10.3390/min9070426 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar