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Laser speckle contrast imaging of perfusion in oncological clinical applications: a literature review

Rok Hren

Rok Hren

  • Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsLjubljana, Slovenia
  • Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and MechanicsLjubljana, Slovenia
  • Syreon Research InstituteBudapest, Hungary
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Hren, Rok
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Simona Kranjc Brezar

Simona Kranjc Brezar

Institute of Oncology LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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Brezar, Simona Kranjc
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Urban Marhl

Urban Marhl

Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and MechanicsLjubljana, Slovenia
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Marhl, Urban
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Gregor Sersa

Gregor Sersa

Institute of Oncology LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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Sersa, Gregor
  
15. Sept. 2024
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Artikel-Kategorie: Review
Online veröffentlicht: 15. Sept. 2024
Seitenbereich: 326 - 334
Eingereicht: 16. Juli 2024
Akzeptiert: 26. Juli 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0042
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© 2024 Rok Hren et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) method. (A) The technique relies on the interference of light backscattered from moving particles, creating distinct dark and bright areas (speckle pattern) captured by a camera. (B) Variations in the speckle pattern are predominantly driven by the movement of red blood cells, enabling interpretation as perfusion. (C) Analysis of speckle-pattern variations yields an image displayed on the monitor, where white and yellow depict areas with high perfusion, contrasting with darker areas indicating lower perfusion areas. Taken from Berggren et al.19 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Schematic representation of the laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) method. (A) The technique relies on the interference of light backscattered from moving particles, creating distinct dark and bright areas (speckle pattern) captured by a camera. (B) Variations in the speckle pattern are predominantly driven by the movement of red blood cells, enabling interpretation as perfusion. (C) Analysis of speckle-pattern variations yields an image displayed on the monitor, where white and yellow depict areas with high perfusion, contrasting with darker areas indicating lower perfusion areas. Taken from Berggren et al.19 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

Figure 2.

Speckle contrast demonstrates lower values for well-vascularized parathyroid glands. Lower speckle contrast values indicate greater blood flow due to more blurring of the speckle pattern, while higher contrast values indicate less blood flow. The top row displays representative white light images, and the bottom row shows speckle contrast images of a well-vascularized (left), a compromised (middle), and a devascularized (right) parathyroid gland, with parathyroid glands marked with ellipses. The corresponding speckle contrast values were 0.11, 0.18, and 0.21, respectively. Taken from Mannoh et al.33 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Speckle contrast demonstrates lower values for well-vascularized parathyroid glands. Lower speckle contrast values indicate greater blood flow due to more blurring of the speckle pattern, while higher contrast values indicate less blood flow. The top row displays representative white light images, and the bottom row shows speckle contrast images of a well-vascularized (left), a compromised (middle), and a devascularized (right) parathyroid gland, with parathyroid glands marked with ellipses. The corresponding speckle contrast values were 0.11, 0.18, and 0.21, respectively. Taken from Mannoh et al.33 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

Figure 3.

Representative examples of laser speckle contrast images, showing the blood perfusion in the free skin grafts, immediately postoperatively (0 weeks), and at follow-up after 1, 3, and 7 weeks. It can be seen that reperfusion occurred simultaneously in the center and periphery of the graft, and that complete reperfusion was achieved after 7 weeks. Taken from Berggren et al.43 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Representative examples of laser speckle contrast images, showing the blood perfusion in the free skin grafts, immediately postoperatively (0 weeks), and at follow-up after 1, 3, and 7 weeks. It can be seen that reperfusion occurred simultaneously in the center and periphery of the graft, and that complete reperfusion was achieved after 7 weeks. Taken from Berggren et al.43 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

Figure 4.

Typical laser speckle images in two patients. High-resolution laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can indicate the bowel demarcation line at the point of ligation of the marginal vessels. (A) Normal color image before ligating the marginal vessels. (B) LSCI image before ligating the marginal vessels. (C) LSCI image after ligating the marginal vessels. Taken from Kojima et al.56 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Typical laser speckle images in two patients. High-resolution laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can indicate the bowel demarcation line at the point of ligation of the marginal vessels. (A) Normal color image before ligating the marginal vessels. (B) LSCI image before ligating the marginal vessels. (C) LSCI image after ligating the marginal vessels. Taken from Kojima et al.56 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

Included articles reporting the use of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to quantify perfusion in clinical applications in oncology

Reference Year of publication Number of patients Oncologic setting
Brain
Parthasarathy et al.21 2010 3 Tumor resection
Richards et al.22 2014 10 Tumor resection
Richards et al.27 2017 8 Tumor resection
Klijn et al.25 2013 8 Tumor resection
Ideguchi et al.28 2017 12 Tumor resection
Breasts
Tesselaar et al.29 2017 15 Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I-II breast cancer
Zötterman et al.30 2020 23 Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap surgery
Endocrine glands
de Paula et al.31 2021 42 Non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma
Mannoh et al.32 2017 28 Thyroidectomy/parathyroidectomy
Mannoh et al.33 2021 72 Thyroidectomy
Mannoh et al.34 2023 21 Thyroidectomy/parathyroidectomy
Skin
Tchvialeva et al.35 2012 214 lesions Malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanocytic nevus, seborrheic keratosis
Reyal et al.36 2012 12 Basal cell carcinoma
Zhang et al.37 2019 12 (total 143) Facial nerve palsy due to nerve tumor (also including other etiology)
Zieger et al.38 2021 9 Basal cell carcinoma
Tenland et al.39 2019 13 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery (tarsoconjunctival flaps)
Berggren et al.40 2019 9 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery (tarsoconjunctival flaps)
Tenland et al.41 2021 12 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery after squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and intradermal nevus
Berggren et al.42 2021 7 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery after squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma
Berggren et al.43 2021 7 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery after squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma
Berggren et al.44 2021 1 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery
Berggren et al.45 2022 7 Oculoplastic reconstructive surgery after squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma
Stridh et al.46 2024 1 Cutaneous angio-sarcoma
Gastrointestinal tract (open surgical setting)
Eriksson et al.47 2014 10 Liver resection
Milstein et al.48 2016 11 Esophagectomy
Ambrus et al.49 2017 45 Esophagectomy
Ambrus et al.50 2017 25 Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy
Di Maria et al.51 2017 2 Colorectal resection
Jansen et al.52 2018 26 Esophagectomy
Kojima et al.53 2019 8 Colorectal resection
Kaneko et al.54 2020 36 Colorectal resection (34 due to colorectal carcinoma)
Gastrointestinal tract (laparoscopic/thoracoscopic setting)
Heeman et al.55 2019 10 Colorectal resection
Kojima et al.56 2020 27 Colorectal resection
Slooter et al.57 2020 24 Esophagectomy
Heeman et al.58 2023 67 Hemicolectomy and sigmoid resection
Nwaiwu et al.59 2023 40 Colectomy, also non-oncological interventions (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy)
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