This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68: 394-424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492BrayFFerlayJSoerjomataramISiegelRLTorreLAJemalAGlobal cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries20186839442410.3322/caac.2149230207593Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lee YY, Roberts CL, Dobbins T, Stavrou E, Black K, Morris J, et al. Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy-associated cancer in Australia, 1994-2008: a population-based linkage study. Bjog 2012; 119: 1572-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03475.xLeeYYRobertsCLDobbinsTStavrouEBlackKMorrisJet alIncidence and outcomes of pregnancy-associated cancer in Australia, 1994-2008: a population-based linkage study201211915728210.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03475.x353379422947229Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Stensheim H, Moller B, van Dijk T, Fossa SD. Cause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 45-51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.4110StensheimHMollerBvanDijk TFossaSDCause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: a registry-based cohort study200927455110.1200/JCO.2008.17.411019029418Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Smith LH, Danielsen B, Allen ME, Cress R. Cancer associated with obstetric delivery: results of linkage with the California cancer registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189: 1128-35. doi: 10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00537-4SmithLHDanielsenBAllenMECressRCancer associated with obstetric delivery: results of linkage with the California cancer registry200318911283510.1067/s0002-9378(03)00537-414586366Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mathews TJ, Hamilton BE. Mean age of mothers is on the rise: United States, 2000-2014. NCHS Data Brief 2016; 232: 1-8. PMID: 26828319MathewsTJHamiltonBEMean age of mothers is on the rise: United States, 2000-2014201623218PMID: 26828319Search in Google Scholar
Rojas KE, Bilbro N, Manasseh DM, Borgen PI. A review of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: diagnosis, local and systemic treatment, and prognosis. J Womens Health 2019; 28: 778-84. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7264RojasKEBilbroNManassehDMBorgenPIA review of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: diagnosis, local and systemic treatment, and prognosis2019287788410.1089/jwh.2018.726430481102Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Guidelines breast cancer. Version 5.2020. [internet]. Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Abraham J, Aft R, Agnese D, Allison KH, et al, editors. [cited 2020 Aug 22]. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdfVersion 5.2020. [internet]. Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Abraham J, Aft R, Agnese D, Allison KH, et al, editors. [cited 2020 Aug 22]. Available athttps://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Peccatori FA, Lambertini M, Scarfone G, Del Pup L, Codacci-Pisanelli G. Biology, staging, and treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy: reassessing the evidences. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15: 6-13. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0146PeccatoriFALambertiniMScarfoneGDelPup LCodacci-PisanelliGBiology, staging, and treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy: reassessing the evidences20181561310.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0146584233529545964Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gwyn KM, Theriault RL. Breast cancer during pregnancy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2000; 1: 239-43. doi: 10.1007/s11864-000-0035-8GwynKMTheriaultRLBreast cancer during pregnancy200012394310.1007/s11864-000-0035-812057166Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Genin AS, Lesieur B, Gligorov J, Antoine M, Selleret L, Rouzier R. Pregnancy-associated breast cancers: do they differ from other breast cancers in young women? Breast 2012; 21: 550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.05.002GeninASLesieurBGligorovJAntoineMSelleretLRouzierRPregnancy-associated breast cancers: do they differ from other breast cancers in young women?201221550510.1016/j.breast.2012.05.00222698618Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Anders CK, Fan C, Parker JS, Carey LA, Blackwell KL, Klauber-DeMore N, et al. Breast carcinomas arising at a young age: unique biology or a surrogate for aggressive intrinsic subtypes? J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: e18-20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.28.9199AndersCKFanCParkerJSCareyLABlackwellKLKlauber-DeMoreNet alBreast carcinomas arising at a young age: unique biology or a surrogate for aggressive intrinsic subtypes?201129e182010.1200/JCO.2010.28.9199305586421115855Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Murphy CG, Mallam D, Stein S, Patil S, Howard J, Sklarin N, et al. Current or recent pregnancy is associated with adverse pathologic features but not impaired survival in early breast cancer. Cancer 2012; 118: 3254-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26654MurphyCGMallamDSteinSPatilSHowardJSklarinNet alCurrent or recent pregnancy is associated with adverse pathologic features but not impaired survival in early breast cancer20121183254910.1002/cncr.2665422086863Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Claus EB, Schildkraut JM, Thompson WD, Risch NJ. The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer 1996; 77: 2318-24. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960601)77:11<2318::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-ZClausEBSchildkrautJMThompsonWDRischNJThe genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer19967723182410.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960601)77:11<2318::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-ZOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R, Hoekstra HJ, Pavlidis N, Kesic V, et al. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24(Suppl 6): vi160-70. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt199PeccatoriFAAzimHA JrOrecchiaRHoekstraHJPavlidisNKesicVet alCancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up201324Suppl 6vi160–7010.1093/annonc/mdt199Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Loibl S, Schmidt A, Gentilini O, Kaufman B, Kuhl C, Denkert C, et al. Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: adapting recent advances in breast cancer care for pregnant patients. JAMA Oncol 2015; 1: 1145-53. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2413LoiblSSchmidtAGentiliniOKaufmanBKuhlCDenkertCet alBreast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: adapting recent advances in breast cancer care for pregnant patients2015111455310.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2413Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
National Toxicology Program. NTP monograph: developmental effects and pregnancy outcomes associated with cancer chemotherapy use during pregnancy. NTP Monogr 2013; (2): i-214. PMID: 24736875National Toxicology ProgramNTP monograph: developmental effects and pregnancy outcomes associated with cancer chemotherapy use during pregnancy20132i–214PMID: 24736875Search in Google Scholar
Nettleton J, Long J, Kuban D, Wu R, Shaefffer J, El-Mahdi A. Breast cancer during pregnancy: quantifying the risk of treatment delay. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 414-8. doi: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00470-xNettletonJLongJKubanDWuRShaeffferJEl-MahdiABreast cancer during pregnancy: quantifying the risk of treatment delay199687414810.1016/0029-7844(95)00470-xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Azim HA Jr, Santoro L, Russell-Edu W, Pentheroudakis G, Pavlidis N, Peccatori FA. Prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 30 studies. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38: 834-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.004AzimHAJrSantoroLRussell-EduWPentheroudakisGPavlidisNPeccatoriFAPrognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 30 studies2012388344210.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Amant F, von Minckwitz G, Han SN, Bontenbal M, Ring AE, Giermek J, et al. Prognosis of women with primary breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: results from an international collaborative study. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 2532-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.6335AmantFvon MinckwitzGHanSNBontenbalMRingAEGiermekJet alPrognosis of women with primary breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: results from an international collaborative study2013312532910.1200/JCO.2012.45.6335Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) Version 5.0. [internet]. 2017. [cited 2020 Aug 21]. Available at: https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocoldevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/CTCAE_v5_Quick_Reference_5x7.pdf2017[cited 2020 Aug 21]. Available athttps://ctep.cancer.gov/protocoldevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/CTCAE_v5_Quick_Reference_5x7.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Martinez MT, Bermejo B, Hernando C, Gambardella V, Cejalvo JM, Lluch A. Breast cancer in pregnant patients: a review of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 230: 222-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.04.029MartinezMTBermejoBHernandoCGambardellaVCejalvoJMLluchABreast cancer in pregnant patients: a review of the literature2018230222710.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.04.029Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Novotny DB, Maygarden SJ, Shermer RW, Frable WJ. Fine needle aspiration of benign and malignant breast masses associated with pregnancy. Acta Cytol 1991; 35: 676-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.004NovotnyDBMaygardenSJShermerRWFrableWJFine needle aspiration of benign and malignant breast masses associated with pregnancy1991356768610.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Woo JC, Yu T, Hurd TC. Breast cancer in pregnancy: a literature review. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 91-8; discussion 9. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.138.1.91WooJCYuTHurdTCBreast cancer in pregnancy: a literature review2003138918discussion 910.1001/archsurg.138.1.91Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Shachar SS, Gallagher K, McGuire K, Zagar TM, Faso A, Muss HB, et al. Multidisciplinary management of breast cancer during pregnancy. Oncologist 2017; 22: 324-34. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0208ShacharSSGallagherKMcGuireKZagarTMFasoAMussHBet alMultidisciplinary management of breast cancer during pregnancy2017223243410.1634/theoncologist.2016-0208Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yang WT, Dryden MJ, Gwyn K, Whitman GJ, Theriault R. Imaging of breast cancer diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy. Radiology 2006; 239: 52-60. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2391050083YangWTDrydenMJGwynKWhitmanGJTheriaultRImaging of breast cancer diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy2006239526010.1148/radiol.239105008316484353Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Committee Opinion No. 723: Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol 2017; 130: e210-e6. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002355Committee Opinion No723: Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy and lactation2017130e210e610.1097/AOG.000000000000235528937575Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nguyen CP, Goodman LH. Fetal risk in diagnostic radiology. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2012; 33: 4-10. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2011.09.003NguyenCPGoodmanLHFetal risk in diagnostic radiology20123341010.1053/j.sult.2011.09.00322264898Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Thomsen HS. Contrast media safety-an update. Eur J Radiol 2011; 80: 77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.104ThomsenHSContrast media safety-an update201180778210.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.10421856102Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Committee Opinion No. 696: Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2017; 129: 777-8. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002014Committee Opinion No696: Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy2017129777810.1097/AOG.000000000000201428333816Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Amant F, Deckers S, Van Calsteren K, Loibl S, Halaska M, Brepoels L, et al. Breast cancer in pregnancy: recommendations of an international consensus meeting. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46: 3158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.010AmantFDeckersSVanCalsteren KLoiblSHalaskaMBrepoelsLet alBreast cancer in pregnancy: recommendations of an international consensus meeting20104631586810.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.01020932740Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Toesca A, Gentilini O, Peccatori F, Azim HA Jr, Amant F. Locoregional treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy. Gynecol Surg 2014; 11: 279-84. doi: 10.1007/s10397-014-0860-6ToescaAGentiliniOPeccatoriFAzimHA JrAmantFLocoregional treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy2014112798410.1007/s10397-014-0860-6423790625419205Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gropper AB, Calvillo KZ, Dominici L, Troyan S, Rhei E, Economy KE, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant women with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 2506-11GropperABCalvilloKZDominiciLTroyanSRheiEEconomyKEet alSentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant women with breast cancer20142125061110.1245/s10434-014-3718-224756813Search in Google Scholar
Khera SY, Kiluk JV, Hasson DM, Meade TL, Meyers MP, Dupont EL, et al. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer patients can safely undergo lymphatic mapping. Breast J 2008; 14: 250-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00570.xKheraSYKilukJVHassonDMMeadeTLMeyersMPDupontELet alPregnancy-associated breast cancer patients can safely undergo lymphatic mapping200814250410.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00570.x18476883Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gentilini O, Cremonesi M, Toesca A, Colombo N, Peccatori F, Sironi R, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant patients with breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37: 78-83. doi: 10.1007/s00259-009-1217-7GentiliniOCremonesiMToescaAColomboNPeccatoriFSironiRet alSentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnant patients with breast cancer201037788310.1007/s00259-009-1217-719662412Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fernandez-Delgado J, Lopez-Pedraza MJ, Blasco JA, Andradas-Aragones E, Sanchez-Mendez JI, Sordo-Miralles G, et al. Satisfaction with and psychological impact of immediate and deferred breast reconstruction. Ann Oncol 2008; 19: 1430-4. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdn153Fernandez-DelgadoJLopez-PedrazaMJBlascoJAAndradas-AragonesESanchez-MendezJISordo-MirallesGet alSatisfaction with and psychological impact of immediate and deferred breast reconstruction2008191430410.1093/annonc/mdn15318390839Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mazzola R, Corradini S, Eidemueller M, Figlia V, Fiorentino A, Giaj-Levra N, et al. Modern radiotherapy in cancer treatment during pregnancy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 136: 13-9. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.002MazzolaRCorradiniSEidemuellerMFigliaVFiorentinoAGiaj-LevraNet alModern radiotherapy in cancer treatment during pregnancy201913613910.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.00230878124Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Raphael J, Trudeau ME, Chan K. Outcome of patients with pregnancy during or after breast cancer: a review of the recent literature. Curr Oncol 2015; 22: S8-18. doi: 10.3747/co.22.2338RaphaelJTrudeauMEChanKOutcome of patients with pregnancy during or after breast cancer: a review of the recent literature201522S81810.3747/co.22.2338438179425848342Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Beadle BM, Woodward WA, Middleton LP, Tereffe W, Strom EA, Litton JK, et al. The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer outcomes in women. Cancer 2009; 115: 1174-84. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24165BeadleBMWoodwardWAMiddletonLPTereffeWStromEALittonJKet alThe impact of pregnancy on breast cancer outcomes in women200911511748410.1002/cncr.24165306338719204903Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Van Calsteren K, Verbesselt R, Ottevanger N, Halaska M, Heyns L, Van Bree R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents in pregnancy: a preclinical and clinical study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89: 1338-45. doi: 10.3109/00016349.2010.512070VanCalsteren KVerbesseltROttevangerNHalaskaMHeynsLVanBree Ret alPharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents in pregnancy: a preclinical and clinical study20108913384510.3109/00016349.2010.51207020846067Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cardonick E, Gilmandyar D, Somer RA. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 120: 1267-72. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31826c32d9CardonickEGilmandyarDSomerRAMaternal and neonatal outcomes of dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer in pregnancy201212012677210.1097/AOG.0b013e31826c32d9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hahn KM, Johnson PH, Gordon N, Kuerer H, Middleton L, Ramirez M, et al. Treatment of pregnant breast cancer patients and outcomes of children exposed to chemotherapy in utero. Cancer 2006; 107: 1219-26. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22081HahnKMJohnsonPHGordonNKuererHMiddletonLRamirezMet alTreatment of pregnant breast cancer patients and outcomes of children exposed to chemotherapy in utero200610712192610.1002/cncr.2208116894524Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Murthy RK, Theriault RL, Barnett CM, Hodge S, Ramirez MM, Milbourne A, et al. Outcomes of children exposed in utero to chemotherapy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16: 500. doi: 10.1186/s13058-014-0500-0MurthyRKTheriaultRLBarnettCMHodgeSRamirezMMMilbourneAet alOutcomes of children exposed in utero to chemotherapy for breast cancer20141650010.1186/s13058-014-0500-0430320725547133Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gziri MM, Hui W, Amant F, Van Calsteren K, Ottevanger N, Kapusta L, et al. Myocardial function in children after fetal chemotherapy exposure. a tissue Doppler and myocardial deformation imaging study. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172: 163-70. doi: 10.1007/s00431-012-1849-7GziriMMHuiWAmantFVanCalsteren KOttevangerNKapustaLet alMyocardial function in children after fetal chemotherapy exposure20131721637010.1007/s00431-012-1849-723052619Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Berveiller P, Mir O. Taxanes during pregnancy: probably safe, but still to be optimized. Oncology 2012; 83: 239-40. doi: 10.1159/000341820BerveillerPMirOTaxanes during pregnancy: probably safe, but still to be optimized2012832394010.1159/00034182022907122Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Zagouri F, Sergentanis TN, Chrysikos D, Dimitrakakis C, Tsigginou A, Zografos CG, et al. Taxanes for breast cancer during pregnancy: a systematic review. Clin Breast Cancer 2013; 13: 16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2012.09.014ZagouriFSergentanisTNChrysikosDDimitrakakisCTsigginouAZografosCGet alTaxanes for breast cancer during pregnancy: a systematic review201313162310.1016/j.clbc.2012.09.01423122538Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lambertini M, Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr. Targeted agents for cancer treatment during pregnancy. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41: 301-9. doi: 10.1016/j. ctrv.2015.03.001LambertiniMPeccatoriFAAzimHA JrTargeted agents for cancer treatment during pregnancy201541301910.1016/j.ctrv.2015.03.00125795021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Isaacs RJ, Hunter W, Clark K. Tamoxifen as systemic treatment of advanced breast cancer during pregnancy − case report and literature review. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 80: 405-8. doi: 10.1006/gyno.2000.6080IsaacsRJHunterWClarkKTamoxifen as systemic treatment of advanced breast cancer during pregnancy − case report and literature review200180405810.1006/gyno.2000.608011263941Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cu llins SL, Pridjian G, Sutherland CM. Goldenhar’s syndrome associated with tamoxifen given to the mother during gestation. JAMA 1994; 271: 1905-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510480029018Cullins SLPridjianGSutherlandCMGoldenhar’s syndrome associated with tamoxifen given to the mother during gestation19942711905610.1001/jama.1994.03510480029018Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fe jzo MS, MacGibbon KW, Mullin PM. Ondansetron in pregnancy and risk of adverse fetal outcomes in the United States. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62: 87-91. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.027Fejzo MSMacGibbonKWMullinPMOndansetron in pregnancy and risk of adverse fetal outcomes in the United States201662879110.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.02727151373Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
An derka M, Mitchell AA, Louik C, Werler MM, Hernandez-Diaz S, Rasmussen SA. Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2012; 94: 22-30. doi: 10.1002/bdra.22865Anderka MMitchellAALouikCWerlerMMHernandez-DiazSRasmussenSAMedications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects201294223010.1002/bdra.22865329908722102545Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Xiaoxiao P, Li L, Li M, Qian Z, Chenghao L. [Preliminary study on E-cadherin expression in dexamethasone-induced palatal cleft in mouse]. [Chinese]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 33: 581-4. doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2015.06.006XiaoxiaoPLiLLiMQianZChenghaoL[Preliminary study on E-cadherin expression in dexamethasone-induced palatal cleft in mouse]201533581410.7518/hxkq.2015.06.006703037627051948Open DOISearch in Google Scholar