This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Ahmed A.D., Wahid A.N., 2011. Financial structure and economic growth link in African countries: A panel co-integration analysis. Journal of Economic Studies 38(3): 331–357. DOI 10.1108/01443581111152436.AhmedA.D.WahidA.N.2011Financial structure and economic growth link in African countries: A panel co-integration analysisJournal of Economic Studies38333135710.1108/01443581111152436Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ali H.S., Nathaniel S.P., Uzuner G., Bekun F.V., Sarkodie S.A., 2020. Trivariate modelling of the nexus between electricity consumption, urbanisation and economic growth in Nigeria: Fresh insights from Maki Cointegration and causality tests. Heliyon 6(2): e03400.AliH.S.NathanielS.P.UzunerG.BekunF.V.SarkodieS.A.2020Trivariate modelling of the nexus between electricity consumption, urbanisation and economic growth in Nigeria: Fresh insights from Maki Cointegration and causality testsHeliyon62e0340010.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03400703652232123762Search in Google Scholar
Atems B., Hotaling C., 2018. The effect of renewable and nonrenewable electricity generation on economic growth. Energy Policy 112: 111–118.AtemsB.HotalingC.2018The effect of renewable and nonrenewable electricity generation on economic growthEnergy Policy11211111810.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.015Search in Google Scholar
Awodumi O.B., Adewuyi A.O., 2020. The role of non-renewable energy consumption in economic growth and carbon emission: Evidence from oil producing economies in Africa. Energy Strategy Reviews 27: 100434.AwodumiO.B.AdewuyiA.O.2020The role of non-renewable energy consumption in economic growth and carbon emission: Evidence from oil producing economies in AfricaEnergy Strategy Reviews2710043410.1016/j.esr.2019.100434Search in Google Scholar
Bah M.M., Azam M., 2017. Investigating the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from South Africa. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80: 531–537.BahM.M.AzamM.2017Investigating the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from South AfricaRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews8053153710.1016/j.rser.2017.05.251Search in Google Scholar
Bayat T., Tas S., Tasar I., 2017. Energy consumption is a determinant of economic growth in BRICS countries or not? Asian Economic and Financial Review 7(8): 823–835.BayatT.TasS.TasarI.2017Energy consumption is a determinant of economic growth in BRICS countries or not?Asian Economic and Financial Review7882383510.18488/journal.aefr.2017.78.823.835Search in Google Scholar
Bayramoglu A.T., Yildirim E., Bayramoglu A.T., Yildirim E., 2017. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the USA: A non-linear ARDL bounds test approach. Energy and Power Engineering 9(3): 170–186. DOI 10.4236/EPE.2017.93013.BayramogluA.T.YildirimE.BayramogluA.T.YildirimE.2017The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the USA: A non-linear ARDL bounds test approachEnergy and Power Engineering9317018610.4236/EPE.2017.93013Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Baz K., Xu D., Ampofo G.M., Ali I., Khan I., Cheng J., Ali H., 2019. Energy consumption and economic growth nexus: New evidence from Pakistan using asymmetric analysis. Energy 189: 116254.BazK.XuD.AmpofoG.M.AliI.KhanI.ChengJ.AliH.2019Energy consumption and economic growth nexus: New evidence from Pakistan using asymmetric analysisEnergy18911625410.1016/j.energy.2019.116254Search in Google Scholar
Bazarcheh Shabestari N., 2018. Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: Sweden’s case. Online: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1214695/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed: 1 July 2021).Bazarcheh ShabestariN.2018Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: Sweden’s caseOnline: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1214695/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed: 1 July 2021).Search in Google Scholar
Burakov D., Freidin M., 2017. Financial development, economic growth and renewable energy consumption in Russia: A vector error correction approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 7(6): 39–47.BurakovD.FreidinM.2017Financial development, economic growth and renewable energy consumption in Russia: A vector error correction approachInternational Journal of Energy Economics and Policy763947Search in Google Scholar
Chen C., Pinar M., Stengos T., 2020. Renewable energy consumption and economic growth nexus: Evidence from a threshold model. Energy Policy 139: 111295.ChenC.PinarM.StengosT.2020Renewable energy consumption and economic growth nexus: Evidence from a threshold modelEnergy Policy13911129510.1016/j.enpol.2020.111295Search in Google Scholar
Chen Y., Fang Z., 2018. Industrial electricity consumption, human capital investment and economic growth in Chinese cities. Economic Modelling 69: 205–219.ChenY.FangZ.2018Industrial electricity consumption, human capital investment and economic growth in Chinese citiesEconomic Modelling6920521910.1016/j.econmod.2017.09.021Search in Google Scholar
Dumitrescu E.I., Hurlin C., 2012. Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling 29(4): 1450–1460. DOI 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014.DumitrescuE.I.HurlinC.2012Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panelsEconomic Modelling2941450146010.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fotourehchi Z., 2017. Clean energy consumption and economic growth: A case study for developing countries. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 7(2): 61–64.FotourehchiZ.2017Clean energy consumption and economic growth: A case study for developing countriesInternational Journal of Energy Economics and Policy726164Search in Google Scholar
Ghosh S., Kanjilal K., 2020. Non-fossil fuel energy usage and economic growth in India: A study on non-linear co-integration, asymmetry and causality. Journal of Cleaner Production 273: 123032.GhoshS.KanjilalK.2020Non-fossil fuel energy usage and economic growth in India: A study on non-linear co-integration, asymmetry and causalityJournal of Cleaner Production27312303210.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123032Search in Google Scholar
Gozgor G., 2018. A new approach to the renewable energy-growth nexus: Evidence from the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(17): 16590–16600.GozgorG.2018A new approach to the renewable energy-growth nexus: Evidence from the USAEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research2517165901660010.1007/s11356-018-1858-9Search in Google Scholar
Gozgor G., Lau C.K., Lu Z., 2018. Energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from the OECD countries. Energy 153: 27–34.GozgorG.LauC.K.LuZ.2018Energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from the OECD countriesEnergy153273410.1016/j.energy.2018.03.158Search in Google Scholar
Hasan A., Zaman A., Sikder Z.I., Wadud A., 2017. The dynamics of electricity consumption, energy use and GDP in Bangladesh. Romanian Economic Journal 20(65): 35–49.HasanA.ZamanA.SikderZ.I.WadudA.2017The dynamics of electricity consumption, energy use and GDP in BangladeshRomanian Economic Journal20653549Search in Google Scholar
Hasanov F., Bulut C., Suleymanov E., 2017. Review of energy-growth nexus: A panel analysis for ten Eurasian oil exporting countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 73: 369–386.HasanovF.BulutC.SuleymanovE.2017Review of energy-growth nexus: A panel analysis for ten Eurasian oil exporting countriesRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews7336938610.1016/j.rser.2017.01.140Search in Google Scholar
Hatemi-J A., 2020. Hidden panel co-integration. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 32(1): 507–510. DOI 10.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.011.Hatemi-JA.2020Hidden panel co-integrationJournal of King Saud University - Science32150751010.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Im K.S., Pesaran M.H., Shin Y., 2003. Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics 115(1): 53–74. DOI 10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7.ImK.S.PesaranM.H.ShinY.2003Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panelsJournal of Econometrics1151537410.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ivanovski K., Hailemariam A., Smyth R., 2020. The effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Non-parametric evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production 286: 124956.IvanovskiK.HailemariamA.SmythR.2020The effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Non-parametric evidenceJournal of Cleaner Production28612495610.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124956Search in Google Scholar
Kao C., Chiang M.H., 1999. On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data. Advances in Econometrics 15: 179–222.KaoC.ChiangM.H.1999On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel dataAdvances in Econometrics1517922210.1016/S0731-9053(00)15007-8Search in Google Scholar
Kirikkaleli D., Sokri A., Candemir M., Ertugrul H.M., 2018. Panel co-integration: Long-run relationship between internet, electricity consumption and economic growth. Evidence from OECD countries. Investigación Económica 77(303): 161–176.KirikkaleliD.SokriA.CandemirM.ErtugrulH.M.2018Panel co-integration: Long-run relationship between internet, electricity consumption and economic growth. Evidence from OECD countriesInvestigación Económica7730316117610.22201/fe.01851667p.2018.303.64158Search in Google Scholar
Kumari A., Sharma A.K., 2018. Causal relationships among electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth in India. The Electricity Journal 31(7): 33–38.KumariA.SharmaA.K.2018Causal relationships among electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth in IndiaThe Electricity Journal317333810.1016/j.tej.2018.08.004Search in Google Scholar
Kyophilavong P., Shahbaz M., Kim B., Jeong-Soo O.H., 2017. A note on the electricity-growth nexus in Lao PDR. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 77: 1251–1260.KyophilavongP.ShahbazM.KimB.Jeong-SooO.H.2017A note on the electricity-growth nexus in Lao PDRRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews771251126010.1016/j.rser.2017.03.055Search in Google Scholar
Le T.H., Chang Y., Park D., 2020. Renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, economic growth, and emissions: International evidence. The Energy Journal 41(2): 73–92.LeT.H.ChangY.ParkD.2020Renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, economic growth, and emissions: International evidenceThe Energy Journal412739210.5547/01956574.41.2.thleSearch in Google Scholar
Lechthaler F., 2017. Economic growth and energy use during different stages of development: An empirical analysis. Environment and Development Economics 22(1): 26–50.LechthalerF.2017Economic growth and energy use during different stages of development: An empirical analysisEnvironment and Development Economics221265010.1017/S1355770X16000243Search in Google Scholar
Lewbel A., 2012. Using heteroscedasticity to identify and estimate mismeasured and endogenous regressor models. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics. 30(1): 67–80. DOI 10.1080/07350015.2012.643126.LewbelA.2012Using heteroscedasticity to identify and estimate mismeasured and endogenous regressor modelsJournal of Business and Economic Statistics301678010.1080/07350015.2012.643126Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lin B., Wang Y., 2019. Inconsistency of economic growth and electricity consumption in China: A panel VAR approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 229: 144–156.LinB.WangY.2019Inconsistency of economic growth and electricity consumption in China: A panel VAR approachJournal of Cleaner Production22914415610.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.396Search in Google Scholar
Mensah I.A., Sun M., Gao C., Omari-Sasu A.Y., Zhu D., Ampimah B.C., Quarcoo A., 2019. Analysis on the nexus of economic growth, fossil fuel energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil price in Africa based on a PMG panel ARDL approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 228: 161–174.MensahI.A.SunM.GaoC.Omari-SasuA.Y.ZhuD.AmpimahB.C.QuarcooA.2019Analysis on the nexus of economic growth, fossil fuel energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil price in Africa based on a PMG panel ARDL approachJournal of Cleaner Production22816117410.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.281Search in Google Scholar
Meo M., Nathaniel S., Shaikh G., Kumar A., 2021. Energy consumption, institutional quality and tourist arrival in Pakistan: Is the nexus (a) symmetric amidst structural breaks? Journal of Public Affairs 21(2): e2213.MeoM.NathanielS.ShaikhG.KumarA.2021Energy consumption, institutional quality and tourist arrival in Pakistan: Is the nexus (a) symmetric amidst structural breaks?Journal of Public Affairs212e221310.1002/pa.2213Search in Google Scholar
Munir Q., Lean H.H., Smyth R., 2020. CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries: A cross-sectional dependence approach. Energy Economics 85: 104571.MunirQ.LeanH.H.SmythR.2020CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries: A cross-sectional dependence approachEnergy Economics8510457110.1016/j.eneco.2019.104571Search in Google Scholar
Narayan P.K., Narayan S., 2005. Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for Fiji in a co-integration framework. Economic Modelling 22(3): 423–438.NarayanP.K.NarayanS.2005Estimating income and price elasticities of imports for Fiji in a co-integration frameworkEconomic Modelling22342343810.1016/j.econmod.2004.06.004Search in Google Scholar
Nathaniel S., Aguegboh E., Iheonu C., Sharma G., Shah M., 2020. Energy consumption, FDI, and urbanisation linkage in coastal Mediterranean countries: Re-assessing the pollution haven hypothesis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27(28): 35474–35487.NathanielS.AguegbohE.IheonuC.SharmaG.ShahM.2020Energy consumption, FDI, and urbanisation linkage in coastal Mediterranean countries: Re-assessing the pollution haven hypothesisEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research2728354743548710.1007/s11356-020-09521-6Search in Google Scholar
Nathaniel S., Nwodo O., Sharma G., Shah M., 2020. Renewable energy, urbanisation, and ecological footprint linkage in CIVETS. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27(16): 19616–19629.NathanielS.NwodoO.SharmaG.ShahM.2020Renewable energy, urbanisation, and ecological footprint linkage in CIVETSEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research2716196161962910.1007/s11356-020-08466-0Search in Google Scholar
Nathaniel S.P., 2020. Does exchange rate have asymmetric impact on trade balance? Fresh insights from combined cointegration. Studies in Business and Economics 15(1): 259–269.NathanielS.P.2020Does exchange rate have asymmetric impact on trade balance? Fresh insights from combined cointegrationStudies in Business and Economics15125926910.2478/sbe-2020-0019Search in Google Scholar
Nathaniel S.P., Bekun F.V., 2020. Electricity consumption, urbanisation, and economic growth in Nigeria: New insights from combined co-integration amidst structural breaks. Journal of Public Affairs 21(1): 1–12.NathanielS.P.BekunF.V.2020Electricity consumption, urbanisation, and economic growth in Nigeria: New insights from combined co-integration amidst structural breaksJournal of Public Affairs21111210.1002/pa.2102Search in Google Scholar
Nyasha S., Gwenhure Y., Odhiambo N.M., 2018. Energy consumption and economic growth in Ethiopia: A dynamic causal linkage. Energy and Environment 29(8): 1393–1412.NyashaS.GwenhureY.OdhiamboN.M.2018Energy consumption and economic growth in Ethiopia: A dynamic causal linkageEnergy and Environment2981393141210.1177/0958305X18779574Search in Google Scholar
Obradovic S., Lojanica N., 2017. Energy use, CO2 emissions and economic growth–causality on a sample of SEE countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 30(1): 511–526.ObradovicS.LojanicaN.2017Energy use, CO2 emissions and economic growth–causality on a sample of SEE countriesEconomic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja30151152610.1080/1331677X.2017.1305785Search in Google Scholar
Pedroni P., 1999. Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61(S1): 653–670. DOI 10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1653.PedroniP.1999Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressorsOxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics61S165367010.1111/1468-0084.0610s1653Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pedroni P., 2000. Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Advances in Econometrics 15: 93–130.PedroniP.2000Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panelsAdvances in Econometrics159313010.1016/S0731-9053(00)15004-2Search in Google Scholar
Pesaran M.H., 2004. General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI 10.2139/ssrn.572504.PesaranM.H.2004General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panelsSSRN Electronic Journal10.2139/ssrn.572504Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pesaran M.H., 2007. A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics 22(2): 265–312. DOI 10.1002/jae.951.PesaranM.H.2007A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependenceJournal of Applied Econometrics22226531210.1002/jae.951Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pesaran M.H., 2015. Testing weak cross-sectional dependence in large panels. Econometric Reviews 34(6–10): 1089–1117. DOI 10.1080/07474938.2014.956623.PesaranM.H.2015Testing weak cross-sectional dependence in large panelsEconometric Reviews346–101089111710.1080/07474938.2014.956623Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pesaran M.H., Shin Y., Smith R.J., 2001. Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics 16(3): 289–326.PesaranM.H.ShinY.SmithR.J.2001Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationshipsJournal of Applied Econometrics16328932610.1002/jae.616Search in Google Scholar
Phillips P.C., Sul D., 2003. Dynamic panel estimation and homogeneity testing under cross section dependence. The Econometrics Journal 6(1): 217–259. DOI 10.1111/1368-423x.00108.PhillipsP.C.SulD.2003Dynamic panel estimation and homogeneity testing under cross section dependenceThe Econometrics Journal6121725910.1111/1368-423x.00108Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rahman M.M., Velayutham E., 2020. Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus: New evidence from South Asia. Renewable Energy 147: 399–408.RahmanM.M.VelayuthamE.2020Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus: New evidence from South AsiaRenewable Energy14739940810.1016/j.renene.2019.09.007Search in Google Scholar
Saad W., Taleb A., 2018. The causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Europe. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 20(1): 127–136.SaadW.TalebA.2018The causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from EuropeClean Technologies and Environmental Policy20112713610.1007/s10098-017-1463-5Search in Google Scholar
Shahbaz M., Zakaria M., Shahzad S.J., Mahalik M.K., 2018. The energy consumption and economic growth nexus in top ten energy-consuming countries: Fresh evidence from using the quantile-on-quantile approach. Energy Economics 71: 282–301.ShahbazM.ZakariaM.ShahzadS.J.MahalikM.K.2018The energy consumption and economic growth nexus in top ten energy-consuming countries: Fresh evidence from using the quantile-on-quantile approachEnergy Economics7128230110.1016/j.eneco.2018.02.023Search in Google Scholar
Shin Y., Yu B., Greenwood-Nimmo M., 2014. Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a non-linear ARDL framework. In Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt: 281–314. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-8008-3_9.ShinY.YuB.Greenwood-NimmoM.2014Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a non-linear ARDL frameworkInFestschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt28131410.1007/978-1-4899-8008-3_9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Tatlı H., 2017. Short-and long-term determinants of residential electricity demand in Turkey. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 25(3): 443–464.TatlıH.2017Short-and long-term determinants of residential electricity demand in TurkeyInternational Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting253443464Search in Google Scholar
Tugcu C.T., Topcu M., 2018. Total, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Revisiting the issue with an asymmetric point of view. Energy 152: 64–74.TugcuC.T.TopcuM.2018Total, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Revisiting the issue with an asymmetric point of viewEnergy152647410.1016/j.energy.2018.03.128Search in Google Scholar
Ucar N., Omay T., 2009. Testing for unit root in nonlinear heterogeneous panels. Economics Letters 104(1): 5–8. DOI 10.1016/J.ECONLET.2009.03.018.UcarN.OmayT.2009Testing for unit root in nonlinear heterogeneous panelsEconomics Letters10415810.1016/J.ECONLET.2009.03.018Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wang Q., Jiang R., Zhan L., 2019. Is decoupling economic growth from fuel consumption possible in developing countries?–A comparison of China and India. Journal of Cleaner Production 229: 806–817.WangQ.JiangR.ZhanL.2019Is decoupling economic growth from fuel consumption possible in developing countries?–A comparison of China and IndiaJournal of Cleaner Production22980681710.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.403Search in Google Scholar
Wang Q., Wang L., 2020. Renewable energy consumption and economic growth in OECD countries: A non-linear panel data analysis. Energy 207: 118200.WangQ.WangL.2020Renewable energy consumption and economic growth in OECD countries: A non-linear panel data analysisEnergy20711820010.1016/j.energy.2020.118200Search in Google Scholar
Westerlund J., 2007. Testing for error correction in panel data. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 69(6): 709–748.WesterlundJ.2007Testing for error correction in panel dataOxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics69670974810.1111/j.1468-0084.2007.00477.xSearch in Google Scholar
Westerlund J., 2008. Panel co-integration tests of the Fisher effect. Journal of Applied Econometrics 23(2): 193–233. DOI 10.1002/jae.967.WesterlundJ.2008Panel co-integration tests of the Fisher effectJournal of Applied Econometrics23219323310.1002/jae.967Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Bank, 2020. World Bank Development Indicators database (online). Online: https://data.worldbank.org (accessed: 24 December 2020).World Bank2020World Bank Development Indicators database (online)Online: https://data.worldbank.org (accessed: 24 December 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Zafar M.W., Shahbaz M., Hou F., Sinha A., 2019. From nonrenewable to renewable energy and its impact on economic growth: The role of research and development expenditures in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 212: 1166–1178.ZafarM.W.ShahbazM.HouF.SinhaA.2019From nonrenewable to renewable energy and its impact on economic growth: The role of research and development expenditures in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation countriesJournal of Cleaner Production2121166117810.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.081Search in Google Scholar
Zhou A., Li J., 2019. Heterogeneous role of renewable energy consumption in economic growth and emissions reduction: Evidence from a panel quantile regression. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26(22): 22575–22595.ZhouA.LiJ.2019Heterogeneous role of renewable energy consumption in economic growth and emissions reduction: Evidence from a panel quantile regressionEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research2622225752259510.1007/s11356-019-05447-w31165449Search in Google Scholar