This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Alam M., Sathaye J., Barnes D., 1998. Urban household energy use in India: Efficiency and policy implications. Energy policy 26(11): 885–891.AlamM.SathayeJ.BarnesD.1998Urban household energy use in India: Efficiency and policy implications261188589110.1016/S0301-4215(98)00008-1Search in Google Scholar
Ali-Toudert F., Weidhaus J., 2017. Numerical assessment and optimization of a low-energy residential building for Mediterranean and Saharan climates using a pilot project in Algeria. Renewable Energy 101: 327–346.Ali-ToudertF.WeidhausJ.2017Numerical assessment and optimization of a low-energy residential building for Mediterranean and Saharan climates using a pilot project in Algeria10132734610.1016/j.renene.2016.08.043Search in Google Scholar
APRUE 2010. Recueil de textes législatifs et réglementaires sur la maîtrise de l’énergie, retrieved from : www.aprue.org.dz/ (accessed: January 2017).APRUE2010retrieved from : www.aprue.org.dz/ (accessed: January 2017).Search in Google Scholar
APRUE 2012. Final report, Consommation Energétique Finale de l’Algérie, Chiffres clés Année 2012. Retrieved from http://www.aprue.org.dz/ (accessed: January 2017).APRUE2012Retrieved from http://www.aprue.org.dz/ (accessed: January 2017).Search in Google Scholar
Baker K.J., Rylatt R.M., 2008. Improving the prediction of UK domestic energy-demand using annual consumption-data. Applied Energy 85(6): 475–482.BakerK.J.RylattR.M.2008Improving the prediction of UK domestic energy-demand using annual consumption-data85647548210.1016/j.apenergy.2007.09.004Search in Google Scholar
Bedir M., Hasselaar E., Itard L., 2013. Determinants of electricity consumption in Dutch dwellings. Energy and Buildings 58: 194–207.BedirM.HasselaarE.ItardL.2013Determinants of electricity consumption in Dutch dwellings5819420710.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.016Search in Google Scholar
Beerepoot M., Beerepoot N., 2007. Government regulation as an impetus for innovation: Evidence from energy performance regulation in the Dutch residential building sector. Energy Policy 35(10): 4812–4825.BeerepootM.BeerepootN.2007Government regulation as an impetus for innovation: Evidence from energy performance regulation in the Dutch residential building sector35104812482510.1016/j.enpol.2007.04.015Search in Google Scholar
Bouamama Wahiba, 2013. Au Sujet De La Politique D’efficacité Energétique En Algérie: Approche Systémique Pour Un Développement Durable. Cas De: Programme Eco-Bat Cnerib. Master’s Thesis, University of Tlemcen.BouamamaWahiba2013Master’s Thesis,University of TlemcenSearch in Google Scholar
Boukarta S., Berezowska E., 2017. Exploring the energy implication of urban density in residential buildings. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 7(1): 7–14. (accessed: 21 July 2017) doi:10.1515/jaes-2017-0001BoukartaS.BerezowskaE.2017Exploring the energy implication of urban density in residential buildings71714(accessed: 21 July 2017)10.1515/jaes-2017-0001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Brounen D., Kok N., Quigley J.M., 2012. Residential energy use and conservation: Economics and demographics. European Economic Review 56(5): 931–945.BrounenD.KokN.QuigleyJ.M.2012Residential energy use and conservation: Economics and demographics56593194510.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.02.007Search in Google Scholar
Carlson D.R., Matthews H.S., Bergés M., 2013. One size does not fit all: Averaged data on household electricity is inadequate for residential energy policy and decisions. Energy and Buildings 64: 132–144.CarlsonD.R.MatthewsH.S.BergésM.2013One size does not fit all: Averaged data on household electricity is inadequate for residential energy policy and decisions6413214410.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.005Search in Google Scholar
Carter A., Craigwell R., Moore W., 2011. Price reform and household demand for electricity. Journal of Policy Modeling 34(2): 242–252.CarterA.CraigwellR.MooreW.2011Price reform and household demand for electricity34224225210.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.08.006Search in Google Scholar
CDER, RETA. Website of the thermal regulation in Algeria. www.reta.cder.dz (accessed: January 2017)CDER, RETAwww.reta.cder.dz (accessed: January 2017)Search in Google Scholar
Chen J., Wang X., Steemers K., 2013. A statistical analysis of a residential energy consumption survey study in Hangzhou, China. Energy and Buildings 66: 193–202.ChenJ.WangX.SteemersK.2013A statistical analysis of a residential energy consumption survey study in Hangzhou, China6619320210.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.045Search in Google Scholar
Cramer J.C., Miller N., Craig P., Hackett B.M., Dietz T.M., Vine E.L., Kowalczyk D.J., 1985. Social and engineering determinants and their equity implications in residential electricity use. Energy 10(12): 1283–1291.CramerJ.C.MillerN.CraigP.HackettB.M.DietzT.M.VineE.L.KowalczykD.J.1985Social and engineering determinants and their equity implications in residential electricity use10121283129110.1016/0360-5442(85)90139-2Search in Google Scholar
Dall’o’ G., Galante A., Torri M., 2012. A methodology for the energy performance classification of residential building stock on an urban scale. Energy and Buildings 48: 211–219.Dall’o’G.GalanteA.TorriM.2012A methodology for the energy performance classification of residential building stock on an urban scale4821121910.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.034Search in Google Scholar
De Villaret F., 1995. Siècles de steppe, Jalons pour l’histoire de Djelfa, Centre de Documentation Saharienne, Ghardaia (Algérie).De VillaretF.1995Centre de Documentation SaharienneGhardaia (Algérie)Search in Google Scholar
De Groot E., Spiekman M., Opstelten I., (2008), Dutch research into user behaviour in relation to energy use of residences. In: 25th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture.De GrootE.SpiekmanM.OpsteltenI.200825th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy ArchitectureSearch in Google Scholar
Derradji L., Boudali Errebai F., Amara M., Maoudj Y., Dhebri B., Chikh S., Mokhtari F., 2011. Etude expérimentale du comportement thermique d’une maison rurale à faible consommation d’énergie. In: 15 èmes Journées Internationales de Thermique, JITH2011, Tlemcen, Alegria.DerradjiL.Boudali ErrebaiF.AmaraM.MaoudjY.DhebriB.ChikhS.MokhtariF.201115 èmes Journées Internationales de Thermique, JITH2011Tlemcen, AlegriaSearch in Google Scholar
Derradji L., Imessad K., Amara M., Errebai F.B., 2017. A study on residential energy requirement and the effect of the glazing on the optimum insulation thickness. Applied Thermal Engineering 112: 975–985.DerradjiL.ImessadK.AmaraM.ErrebaiF.B.2017A study on residential energy requirement and the effect of the glazing on the optimum insulation thickness11297598510.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.116Search in Google Scholar
Derradji L., Imessad K., Boudali Errebai F., Amara M., Maoudj Y., Mokhtari F., 2012. Etude de l’efficacité énergétique d’une maison économique en Algérie. In: 2 ème Congres de l’Association Marocaine de Thermique, Casablanca, Morocco.DerradjiL.ImessadK.Boudali ErrebaiF.AmaraM.MaoudjY.MokhtariF.20122 ème Congres de l’Association Marocaine de ThermiqueCasablanca, MoroccoSearch in Google Scholar
Djelloul A., Draoui B., Moummi N., 2013. Simulation du comportement énergétique des bâtiments résidentiels au sud algérien. Courrier du Savoir 17: 113–119.DjelloulA.DraouiB.MoummiN.2013Simulation du comportement énergétique des bâtiments résidentiels au sud algérien17113119Search in Google Scholar
DTR C3.2., 2004. Règlement Thermique des Bâtiments d’Habitation e Règles de Calcul des Déperditions Calorifiques, Fascicule 1, Document Technique Réglementaire, Ministère de l’habitat et de l’urbanisme, CNERIB, Alger.DTR C3.2.2004Fascicule 1, Document Technique Réglementaire, Ministère de l’habitat et de l’urbanisme,CNERIBAlgerSearch in Google Scholar
DTR C3.4., 2004. Règlement Thermique des Bâtiments d’Habitation et Règles de Calcul des Apports Calorifiques des Bâtiments, Fascicule 2, Document Technique Réglementaire, Ministère de l’habitat et de l’urbanisme, CNERIB, Alger.DTR C3.4.2004Fascicule 2, Document Technique Réglementaire, Ministère de l’habitat et de l’urbanisme,CNERIBAlgerSearch in Google Scholar
Fanger P., 1972. Thermal comfort: Analysis and applications in environmental engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York.FangerP.1972McGraw-HillNew YorkSearch in Google Scholar
Field A., 2009. Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage publications.FieldA.2009Sage publicationsSearch in Google Scholar
Ghasemi A., Zahediasl S., 2012. Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 10(2): 486.GhasemiA.ZahediaslS.2012Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians10248610.5812/ijem.3505Search in Google Scholar
Giz, 2015. Guide Pour Une Construction Eco-Energétique En Algérie.Giz2015Search in Google Scholar
Gram-Hanssen K., Kofod C., Petersen K.N., 2004. Different everyday lives: Different patterns of electricity use. In 2004 ACEEE Summer study on energy efficiency in buildings, pp. 1–13.Gram-HanssenK.KofodC.PetersenK.N.2004Different everyday lives: Different patterns of electricity use113Search in Google Scholar
Guerra Santin O., 2010. Actual energy consumption in dwellings: The effect of energy performance regulations and occupant behaviour. Sustainable Urban Areas 33.Guerra SantinO.2010Actual energy consumption in dwellings: The effect of energy performance regulations and occupant behaviour33Search in Google Scholar
Haas R., Auer H., Biermayr P., 1998. The impact of consumer behaviour on residential energy demand for space heating. Energy and Buildings 27: 195–205.HaasR.AuerH.BiermayrP.1998The impact of consumer behaviour on residential energy demand for space heating2719520510.1016/S0378-7788(97)00034-0Search in Google Scholar
Halvorsen B., Larsen B.M., 2001. Norwegian residential electricity demand – a microeconomic assessment of the growth from 1976 to 1993. Energy Policy 29(3): 227–236.HalvorsenB.LarsenB.M.2001Norwegian residential electricity demand – a microeconomic assessment of the growth from 1976 to 199329322723610.1016/S0301-4215(00)00106-3Search in Google Scholar
Hamiche A.M., Stambouli A.B., Flazi S., 2015. A review on the water and energy sectors in Algeria: Current forecasts, scenario and sustainability issues. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41: 261–276.HamicheA.M.StambouliA.B.FlaziS.2015A review on the water and energy sectors in Algeria: Current forecasts, scenario and sustainability issues4126127610.1016/j.rser.2014.08.024Search in Google Scholar
Hammad K., Saeed T., Sharawi H.A., 2014. Factors affecting fuel consumption in household cooking in El-Salam locality, South Kordofan State, Sudan. The 5th Annual Conference – Agricultural and Veterinary Research.HammadK.SaeedT.SharawiH.A.2014The 5th Annual Conference – Agricultural and Veterinary ResearchSearch in Google Scholar
Harold J., Lyons S., Cullinan J., 2015. The determinants of residential gas demand in Ireland. Energy Economics 51: 475–483.HaroldJ.LyonsS.CullinanJ.2015The determinants of residential gas demand in Ireland5147548310.1016/j.eneco.2015.08.015Search in Google Scholar
Himri Y., Malik A.S., Stambouli A.B., Himri S., Draoui B. 2009. Review and use of the Algerian renewable energy for sustainable development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13(6–7): 1584–1591.HimriY.MalikA.S.StambouliA.B.HimriS.DraouiB.2009Review and use of the Algerian renewable energy for sustainable development136–71584159110.1016/j.rser.2008.09.007Search in Google Scholar
Holden E., and Norland I.T.,2005. Three challenges for the compact city as a sustainable urban form: Household consumption of energy and transport in eight residential areas in the Greater Oslo Region. Urban Studies 42 (12): 2145.HoldenE.NorlandI.T.2005Three challenges for the compact city as a sustainable urban form: Household consumption of energy and transport in eight residential areas in the Greater Oslo Region4212214510.1080/00420980500332064Search in Google Scholar
Hooper D., Coughlan J., Mullen M., 2008. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 6(1): 53–60.HooperD.CoughlanJ.MullenM.2008Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit615360Search in Google Scholar
Hui Sam C.,M., 2001. Low energy building design in high density urban cities. Renewable Energy 24: 627–640.Hui SamC.M.2001Low energy building design in high density urban cities2462764010.1016/S0960-1481(01)00049-0Search in Google Scholar
Hu L.T., Bentler P.M., 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6(1): 1–55.HuL.T.BentlerP.M.1999Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives6115510.1080/10705519909540118Search in Google Scholar
Iacobucci D., 2010. Structural equations modeling: Fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology 20(1): 90–98.IacobucciD.2010Structural equations modeling: Fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics201909810.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.003Search in Google Scholar
Imessad K., Derradji L., Messaoudene N.A., Mokhtari F., Chenak A., Kharchi R., 2014. Impact of passive cooling techniques on energy demand for residential buildings in a Mediterranean climate. Renewable energy 71: 589–597.ImessadK.DerradjiL.MessaoudeneN.A.MokhtariF.ChenakA.KharchiR.2014Impact of passive cooling techniques on energy demand for residential buildings in a Mediterranean climate7158959710.1016/j.renene.2014.06.005Search in Google Scholar
JO. Journal Officiel, République démocratique algérienne et populaire, 2017. www.joradp.dz.JO. Journal Officiel2017www.joradp.dz.Search in Google Scholar
Jones R.V., Fuertes A., Lomas K.J., 2015. The socio-economic, dwelling and appliance related factors affecting electricity consumption in domestic buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 43: 901–917.JonesR.V.FuertesA.LomasK.J.2015The socio-economic, dwelling and appliance related factors affecting electricity consumption in domestic buildings4390191710.1016/j.rser.2014.11.084Search in Google Scholar
Karamizadeh S., Abdullah S.M., Manaf A.A., Zamani M., Hooman A., 2013. An overview of principal component analysis. Journal of Signal and Information Processing 4(03): 173.KaramizadehS.AbdullahS.M.ManafA.A.ZamaniM.HoomanA.2013An overview of principal component analysis40317310.4236/jsip.2013.43B031Search in Google Scholar
Kavousian A., Rajagopal R., Fischer M., 2013. Determinants of residential electricity consumption: Using smart meter data to examine the effect of climate, building characteristics, appliance stock, and occupants’behavior. Energy 55: 184–194.KavousianA.RajagopalR.FischerM.2013Determinants of residential electricity consumption: Using smart meter data to examine the effect of climate, building characteristics, appliance stock, and occupants’behavior5518419410.1016/j.energy.2013.03.086Search in Google Scholar
Kelly S., 2011. Do homes that are more energy efficient consume less energy?: A structural equation model of the English residential sector. Energy 36(9): 5610–5620.KellyS.2011Do homes that are more energy efficient consume less energy?: A structural equation model of the English residential sector3695610562010.1016/j.energy.2011.07.009Search in Google Scholar
Kim H.Y., 2013. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics 38(1): 52–54.KimH.Y.2013Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis381525410.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52Search in Google Scholar
Lariviere I., Lafrance G., 1999. Modelling the electricity consumption of cities: Effect of urban density. Energy economics 21(1): 53–66.LariviereI.LafranceG.1999Modelling the electricity consumption of cities: Effect of urban density211536610.1016/S0140-9883(98)00007-3Search in Google Scholar
Leahy E., Lyons S., 2010. Energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland. Energy Policy 38(8): 4265–4279.LeahyE.LyonsS.2010Energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland3884265427910.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.056Search in Google Scholar
Liao H.C., Chang T.F., 2002. Space-heating and water-heating energy demands of the aged in the US. Energy Economics 24(3): 267–284.LiaoH.C.ChangT.F.2002Space-heating and water-heating energy demands of the aged in the US24326728410.1016/S0140-9883(02)00014-2Search in Google Scholar
Lindén A.L., Carlsson-Kanyama A., Eriksson B., 2006. Efficient and inefficient aspects of residential energy behaviour: What are the policy instruments for change? Energy policy 34(14): 1918–1927.LindénA.L.Carlsson-KanyamaA.ErikssonB.2006Efficient and inefficient aspects of residential energy behaviour: What are the policy instruments for change?34141918192710.1016/j.enpol.2005.01.015Search in Google Scholar
McLoughlin F., Duffy A., Conlon M., 2012. Characterising domestic electricity consumption patterns by dwelling and occupant socio-economic variables: An Irish case study. Energy and Buildings 48: 240–248.McLoughlinF.DuffyA.ConlonM.2012Characterising domestic electricity consumption patterns by dwelling and occupant socio-economic variables: An Irish case study4824024810.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.037Search in Google Scholar
Ndiaye D., Gabriel K., 2011. Principal component analysis of the electricity consumption in residential dwellings. Energy and Buildings 43(2): 446–453.NdiayeD.GabrielK.2011Principal component analysis of the electricity consumption in residential dwellings43244645310.1016/j.enbuild.2010.10.008Search in Google Scholar
Nielsen L., 1993. How to get the birds in the bush into your hand: Results from a Danish research project on electricity savings. Energy Policy 21(11): 1133–1144.NielsenL.1993How to get the birds in the bush into your hand: Results from a Danish research project on electricity savings21111133114410.1016/0301-4215(93)90263-FSearch in Google Scholar
ONS (Office for National Statistic), 2008. 2008’s census data.ONS (Office for National Statistic)2008Search in Google Scholar
Öztuna D., Elhan A.H., Tüccar E., 2006. Investigation of four different normality tests in terms of type 1 error rate and power under different distributions. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 36(3): 171–176.ÖztunaD.ElhanA.H.TüccarE.2006Investigation of four different normality tests in terms of type 1 error rate and power under different distributions363171176Search in Google Scholar
Ouedraogo B., 2006. Household energy preferences for cooking in urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Energy Policy 34(18): 3787–3795.OuedraogoB.2006Household energy preferences for cooking in urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso34183787379510.1016/j.enpol.2005.09.006Search in Google Scholar
Ouyang J., Hokao K., 2009. Energy-saving potential by improving occupants’behavior in urban residential sector in Hangzhou City, China. Energy and Buildings 41(7): 711–720.OuyangJ.HokaoK.2009Energy-saving potential by improving occupants’behavior in urban residential sector in Hangzhou City, China41771172010.1016/j.enbuild.2009.02.003Search in Google Scholar
Owen J.A., 2014. Principal Component Analysis: Data reduction and simplification. McNair Scholars Research Journal 1(1): 2.OwenJ.A.2014Principal Component Analysis: Data reduction and simplification112Search in Google Scholar
Parti M., Parti C., 1980. The total and appliance-specific conditional demand for electricity in the household sector. The Bell Journal of Economics 309–321.PartiM.PartiC.1980The total and appliance-specific conditional demand for electricity in the household sector30932110.2307/3003415Search in Google Scholar
Salat S., Labbé F., 2011. Les villes et les formes: sur l’urbanisme durable. Hermann.SalatS.LabbéF.2011HermannSearch in Google Scholar
Santamouris M., Kapsis K., Korres D., Livada I., Pavlou C., Assimakopoulos M.N., 2007. On the relation between the energy and social characteristics of the residential sector. Energy and Buildings 39(8): 893–905.SantamourisM.KapsisK.KorresD.LivadaI.PavlouC.AssimakopoulosM.N.2007On the relation between the energy and social characteristics of the residential sector39889390510.1016/j.enbuild.2006.11.001Search in Google Scholar
Sénit C.A., 2008. L’efficacité énergétique dans le secteur résidentiel: Une analyse des politiques des pays du Sud et de l’Est de la Méditerranée. IIddri, Idées pour le débat 14.SénitC.A.2008L’efficacité énergétique dans le secteur résidentiel: Une analyse des politiques des pays du Sud et de l’Est de la Méditerranée14Search in Google Scholar
Schreiber J.B., Nora A., Stage F.K., Barlow E.A., King J., 2006. Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research 99(6): 323–338.SchreiberJ.B.NoraA.StageF.K.BarlowE.A.KingJ.2006Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review99632333810.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338Search in Google Scholar
Sonderegger R.C., 1978. Movers and stayers: The resident’s contribution to variation across houses in energy consumption for space heating. Energy and Buildings 1(3): 313–324.SondereggerR.C.1978Movers and stayers: The resident’s contribution to variation across houses in energy consumption for space heating1331332410.1016/0378-7788(78)90011-7Search in Google Scholar
Sonelgaz, 2013. Yearly energy consumption of the department of Djelfa.Sonelgaz2013Search in Google Scholar
Steadman P., 1979. Energy and patterns of land use. In: Watson D. (ed.), Energy conservation through building design. McGraw-Hill, New York: 246–260.SteadmanP.1979Energy and patterns of land useWatsonD.(ed.),McGraw-HillNew York246260Search in Google Scholar
Subrémon H., 2009. Habiter avec l’énergie. Pour une anthropologie sensible de la consommation d’énergie. Doctoral dissertation, Université de Nanterre-Paris X.SubrémonH.2009Doctoral dissertation,Université de Nanterre-Paris XSearch in Google Scholar
Tso G.K., Yau K.K., 2007. Predicting electricity energy consumption: A comparison of regression analysis, decision tree and neural networks. Energy 32(9): 1761–1768.TsoG.K.YauK.K.2007Predicting electricity energy consumption: A comparison of regression analysis, decision tree and neural networks3291761176810.1016/j.energy.2006.11.010Search in Google Scholar
VandeWeghe J.R., Kennedy C., 2007. A spatial analysis of residential greenhouse gas emissions in the Toronto census metropolitan area. Journal of Industrial Ecology 11(2): 133–144.VandeWegheJ.R.KennedyC.2007A spatial analysis of residential greenhouse gas emissions in the Toronto census metropolitan area11213314410.1162/jie.2007.1220Search in Google Scholar
Wiesmann D., Azevedo I.L., Ferrão P., Fernández J.E., 2011. Residential electricity consumption in Portugal: Findings from top-down and bottom-up models. Energy Policy 39(5): 2772–2779.WiesmannD.AzevedoI.L.FerrãoP.FernándezJ.E.2011Residential electricity consumption in Portugal: Findings from top-down and bottom-up models3952772277910.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.047Search in Google Scholar
Yohanis Y.G., Mondol J.D., Wright A., Norton B., 2008. Real-life energy use in the UK: How occupancy and dwelling characteristics affect domestic electricity use. Energy and Buildings 40(6): 1053–1059.YohanisY.G.MondolJ.D.WrightA.NortonB.2008Real-life energy use in the UK: How occupancy and dwelling characteristics affect domestic electricity use4061053105910.1016/j.enbuild.2007.09.001Search in Google Scholar
Zhou S., Teng F., 2013. Estimation of urban residential electricity demand in China using household survey data. Energy Policy 61: 394–402.ZhouS.TengF.2013Estimation of urban residential electricity demand in China using household survey data6139440210.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.092Search in Google Scholar