[Aghini Lombardi, F., Fiore, E., Tonacchera, M., Antonangeli, L., Rago, T., Frigeri, M., Provenzale, A. M., Montanelli, L., Grasso, L., Pinchera, A., Vitti, P. (2013). The effect of voluntary iodine prophylaxis in a small rural community: The pescopagano survey 15 years later. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab., 98, 1031–1039.10.1210/jc.2012-296023436921]Search in Google Scholar
[Anonymous (2018). Statistics on medicines consumption 2017. State Agency of Medicines. Available from: https://www.zva.gov.lv/sites/default/files/2018-05/zva-zstat-2017.pdf (accessed 15 June 2018).]Search in Google Scholar
[Badenhoop, K., Schwarz, G., Walfish, P. G., Drummond, V., Usadel, K. H., Bottazzo, G. F. (1990). Susceptibility to thyroid autoimmune disease: Molecular analysis of HLA-D region genes identifies new markers for goitrous Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab., 71 (5), 1131–1137.10.1210/jcem-71-5-11311977755]Search in Google Scholar
[Berger, A. (2000). Th1 and Th2 responses: What are they? BMJ, 321, 424.10.1136/bmj.321.7258.4242745710938051]Search in Google Scholar
[Bliddal, S., Borresen, S. W., Feldt-Rasmussen, U. (2017). Thyroid autoimmunity and function after treatment with biological antirheumatic agents in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Endocrinol., 8, 179.10.3389/fendo.2017.00179553447028824542]Search in Google Scholar
[Bossowski, A., Moniuszko, M., Idźkowska, E., Dąbrowska, M., Jeznach, M., Sawicka, B., Borysewicz-Sańczyk, H., Bossowska, A., Rusak, M., Bodzenta-Łukaszyk, A. (2012) Evaluation of CD4+CD161+CD196+ and CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of young patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab, 18, 89–95 (in Polish).]Search in Google Scholar
[Brix, T. H., Kyvik, K. O., Christensen, K., Hegedüs, L. (2001). Evidence for a major role of heredity in Graves’ disease: A population-based study of two Danish twin cohorts. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab., 86, 930–934.10.1210/jc.86.2.930]Search in Google Scholar
[Brix, T. H., Kyvik, K. O., Hegedüs, L. (2000). A population-based study of chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism in Danish twins. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab., 85, 536–539.10.1210/jc.85.2.536]Search in Google Scholar
[Carayanniotis, G. (2011). Molecular parameters linking thyroglobulin iodination with autoimmune thyroiditis. Hormones, 10 (1), 27–35.10.14310/horm.2002.129021349803]Search in Google Scholar
[Carlé, A., Pedersen, I. B., Knudsen, N., Perrild, H., Ovesen, L., Rasmussen, L. B., Laurberg, P. (2011). Epidemiology of subtypes of hyperthyroidism in Denmark: A population-based study. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 164 (5), 801–809.10.1530/EJE-10-115521357288]Search in Google Scholar
[Carvalho, G. A. de, Perez, C. L. S., Ward, L. S. (2013). The clinical use of thyroid function tests. Arquivos Brasil. Endocrinol. Metab., 57, 193–204.10.1590/S0004-2730201300030000523681265]Search in Google Scholar
[Chang, L. S., Barroso-Sousa, R., Tolaney, S. M., Hodi, F. S., Kaiser, U. B., Min, L. (2019). Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints, Endocr. Rev., 40, 17–6510.1210/er.2018-00006]Search in Google Scholar
[Chaudhry, A., Samstein, R. M., Treuting, P., Liang, Y., Pils, M. C., Heinrich, J. M., Jack, R. S., Wunderlich, F. T., Brüning, J. C., Müller, W., Rudensky, A. Y. (2011). Interleukin-10 signaling in regulatory T cells is required for suppression of Th17 cell-mediated inflammation. Immunity, 34, 566–578.10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.018308848521511185]Search in Google Scholar
[Chrousos, G. P., Elenkov, I. J. (2006). Interactions of the endocrine and immune systems. In: DeGroot, L. J., Jameson, J. L. (eds.). Endocrinology. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 799–818.]Search in Google Scholar
[Combs, G. F. (2015). Biomarkers of selenium status. Nutrients, 7, 2209–2236.10.3390/nu7042209]Search in Google Scholar
[Cooper, G., Stroehla, B. (2003). The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun. Rev.,2, 119–125.10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00006-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Croxford, A. L., Mair, F., Becher, B. (2012). IL-23: One cytokine in control of autoimmunity. Eur. J. Immunol., 42, 2263–2273.10.1002/eji.20124259822949325]Search in Google Scholar
[Dittmar, M., Libich, C., Brenzel, T., Kahaly, G. J. (2011). Increased familial clustering of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Hormone Metab. Res., 43 (3), 200–204.10.1055/s-0031-127161921287436]Search in Google Scholar
[Effraimidis, G., Strieder, T. G. A., Tijssen, J. G. P., Wiersinga, W. M. (2011). Natural history of the transition from euthyroidism to overt autoimmune hypo- or hyperthyroidism: A prospective study. Eur. J. Immunol., 164, 107–113.10.1530/EJE-10-078520956436]Search in Google Scholar
[Effraimidis, G., Wiersinga, W. M. (2014). Mechanisms in endocrinology: Autoimmune thyroid disease: Old and new players. Eur. J. Immunol., 170(6), R241–R252.10.1530/EJE-14-004724609834]Search in Google Scholar
[Fang, S., Huang, Y., Zhong, S., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Sun, J., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Xu, T., Sun, X., Gu, P., Li, D., Zhou, H., Li, B., Fan, X. (2017). Regulation of orbital fibrosis and adipogenesis by pathogenic Th17 cells in Graves orbitopathy, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 102, 4273–428310.1210/jc.2017-0134928938397]Search in Google Scholar
[Fasching, P., Stradner, M., Graninger, W., Dejaco, C., Fessler, J. (2017). Therapeutic potential of targeting the Th17/Treg axis in autoimmune disorders. Molecules, 22, 134.10.3390/molecules22010134615588028098832]Search in Google Scholar
[Figueroa-Vega, N., Alfonso-Pérez, M., Benedicto, I., Sánchez-Madrid, F., González-Amaro, R., Marazuela, M. (2010). Increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th17 lymphocytes in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 95, 953–962.10.1210/jc.2009-171920016049]Search in Google Scholar
[Fröhlich, E., Wahl, R. (2017). Thyroid autoimmunity: Role of anti-thyroid antibodies in thyroid and extra-thyroidal diseases. Frontiers Immunol., 8, 521.10.3389/fimmu.2017.00521542247828536577]Search in Google Scholar
[Ghoreschi, K., Laurence, A., Yang, X. P., Tato, C. M., McGeachy, M. J., Konkel, J. E., O’Shea, J. J. (2010). Generation of pathogenic TH17 cells in the absence of TGF-β2 signalling. Nature, 467, 967–971.10.1038/nature09447310806620962846]Search in Google Scholar
[Glick, A. B., Wodzinski, A., Fu, P., Levine, A. D., Wald, D. N. (2013). Impairment of regulatory T-Cell function in autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid, 23, 871–878.10.1089/thy.2012.0514370410623379353]Search in Google Scholar
[González-Amaro, R., Marazuela, M. (2016). T regulatory (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine, 52 (1), 30–38.10.1007/s12020-015-0759-726475497]Search in Google Scholar
[Han, Y., Guo, Q., Zhang, M., Chen, Z., Cao, X. (2009). CD69+CD4+CD25-T Cells, a new subset of regulatory T cells, suppress T cell proliferation through membrane-bound TGF-β1. J. Immunol., 182, 111–120.10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.11119109141]Search in Google Scholar
[Hansen, P. S., Brix, T. H., Iachine, I., Kyvik, K. O., Hegedüs, L. (2006). The relative importance of genetic and environmental effects for the early stages of thyroid autoimmunity: A study of healthy Danish twins. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 154, 29–38.10.1530/eje.1.0206016381988]Search in Google Scholar
[Hansen, P. S., Brix, T. H., Iachine, I., Kyvik, K. O., Hegedüs, L. (2006). The relative importance of genetic and environmental effects for the early stages of thyroid autoimmunity: A study of healthy Danish twins. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 154, 29–38.10.1530/eje.1.02060]Search in Google Scholar
[Harpaz, I., Abutbul, S., Nemirovsky, A., Gal, R., Cohen, H., Monsonego, A. (2013). Chronic exposure to stress predisposes to higher autoimmune susceptibility in C57BL/6 mice: Glucocorticoids as a double-edged sword. Eur. J. Immunol., 43 (3), 758–769.10.1002/eji.20124261323255172]Search in Google Scholar
[Hollowell, J. G., Staehling, N. W., Flanders, W. D., Hannon, W. H., Gunter, E. W., Spencer, C. A., Braverman, L. E. (2002). Serum TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87 (2), 489–499.10.1210/jcem.87.2.818211836274]Search in Google Scholar
[Hu, S., Rayman, M. P. (2017). Multiple nutritional factors and the risk of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroid, 27 (5), 597–610.10.1089/thy.2016.063528290237]Search in Google Scholar
[Huber, S., Gagliani, N., Esplugues, E., O’Connor, W., Huber, F. J., Chaudhry, A., Kamanaka, M., Kobayashi, Y., Booth, C. J., Rudensky, A. Y., Roncarolo, M. G., Battaglia, M., Flavell, R. A. (2011). Th17 cells express interleukin-10 receptor and are controlled by Foxp3– and Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells in an interleukin-10-dependent manner. Immunity, 34 (3), 554–565.10.1016/j.immuni.2011.01.020311361721511184]Search in Google Scholar
[Iyer, P. C., Cabanillas, M. E., Waguespack, S. G., Hu, M. I., Thosani, S., Lavis, V. R., Busaidy, N. L., Subudhi, S. K., Diab, A., Dadu, R. (2018). Immune-related thyroiditis with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thyroid, 28, 1243–1251.10.1089/thy.2018.0116615735930132401]Search in Google Scholar
[Katagiri, R., Yuan, X., Kobayashi, S., Sasaki, S. (2017). Effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid diseases in different populations: A systematic review and meta-analyses including observational studies. PLoS one,12 (3), e0173722.10.1371/journal.pone.0173722534585728282437]Search in Google Scholar
[Khong, J. J., Goldstein, R. F., Sanders, K. M., Schneider, H., Pope, J., Burdon, K. P., Craig, J. E., Ebeling, P. R. (2014). Serum selenium status in Graves’ disease with and without orbitopathy: A case-control study. Clinical Endocrinology, 80 (6), 905–910.10.1111/cen.1239224372054]Search in Google Scholar
[Kim, S. E., Yoon, J. S., Kim, K. H., Lee, S. Y. (2012). Increased serum interleukin-17 in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 250, 1521–1526.10.1007/s00417-012-2092-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Konca Degertekin, C., Aktas Yilmaz, B., Balos Toruner, F., Kalkanci, A., Turhan Iyidir, O., Fidan, I., Yesilyurt, E., Cakir, N., Kustimur, S., Arslan, M. (2016). Circulating Th17 cytokine levels are altered in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Cytokine, 80, 13–17.10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.01126928603]Search in Google Scholar
[Konrade, I., Kalere, I., Strele, I., Makrecka-Kuka, M., Jekabsone, A., Tetere, E., Veisa, V., Gavars, D., Rezeberga, D., Pīrāgs, V., Lejnieks, A., Dambrova, M. (2015). Iodine deficiency during pregnancy: A national cross-sectional survey in Latvia. Publ. Health Nutr.,18 (16), 2990–2997.10.1017/S136898001500046425731595]Search in Google Scholar
[Kristensen, B., Hegedüs, L., Lundy, S. K., Brimnes, M. K., Smith, T. J., Nielsen, C. H. (2015). Characterization of regulatory B cells in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. PLoS one,10 (5), e0127949.10.1371/journal.pone.0127949444633526016954]Search in Google Scholar
[Latina, A., Gullo, D., Trimarchi, F., Benvenga, S. (2013). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Similar and dissimilar characteristics in neighboring areas. Possible implications for the epidemiology of thyroid cancer. PloS one, 8(3), e55450.10.1371/journal.pone.0055450]Search in Google Scholar
[Lee, H. J., Li, C. W., Hammerstad, S. S., Stefan, M., Tomer, Y. (2015). Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: A comprehensive review. J. Autoimmun., 64, 82–90.10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.009462884426235382]Search in Google Scholar
[Li, C., Yuan, J., Zhu, Y. F., Yang, X. J., Wang, Q., Xu, J., He, S. T., Zhang, J. A. (2016). Imbalance of Th17/Treg in different subtypes of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 40 (1–2), 245–252.10.1159/00045254127855396]Search in Google Scholar
[Li, D., Cai, W., Gu, R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Tang, K., Xu, P., Katirai, F., Shi, W., Wang, L., Huang, T., Huang, B. (2013). Th17 cell plays a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in patients. Clin. Immunol.,149, 411–420.10.1016/j.clim.2013.10.00124211715]Search in Google Scholar
[Maddur, M. S., Miossec, P., Kaveri, S. V., Bayry, J. (2012). Th17 cells: Biology, pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and therapeutic strategies. Amer. J. Pathol., 181 (1), 8–18.10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.04422640807]Search in Google Scholar
[Maldonado, R. A., von Andrian, U. H. (2010). How tolerogenic dendritic cells induce regulatory T cells. Adv. Immunol., 108, 111–165.10.1016/B978-0-12-380995-7.00004-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Mandac, J. C., Chaudhry, S., Sherman, K. E., Tomer, Y. (2006). The clinical and physiological spectrum of interferon-alpha induced thyroiditis: Toward a new classification. Hepatology, 43, 661–672.10.1002/hep.21146]Search in Google Scholar
[Mao, C., Wang, S., Xiao, Y., Xu, J., Jiang, Q., Jin, M., Jiang, X., Guo, H., Ning, G., Zhang, Y. (2011). Impairment of regulatory capacity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells mediated by dendritic cell polarization and hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease. J. Immunol., 186 (8), 4734–4743.10.4049/jimmunol.0904135]Search in Google Scholar
[Markou, K., Georgopoulos, N., Kyriazopoulou, V., Vagenakis, A. G. (2001). Iodine-Induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid, 11, 501–510.10.1089/105072501300176462]Search in Google Scholar
[McInnes, I. B., Mease, P. J., Kirkham, B., Kavanaugh, A., Ritchlin, C. T., Rahman, P., Mpofu, S. (2015). Secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (FUTURE 2): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet, 386, 1137–1146.10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61134-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Miranda, D. M. C., Massom, J. N., Catarino, R. M., Santos, R. T. M., Toyoda, S. S., Marone, M. M. S., Monte, O. (2015). Impact of nutritional iodine optimization on rates of thyroid hypoechogenicity and autoimmune thyroiditis: A cross-sectional, comparative study. Thyroid, 25, 118–124.10.1089/thy.2014.018225314342]Search in Google Scholar
[Morris, G. P., Brown, N. K., Kong, Y. C. (2009). Naturally-existing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells are required for tolerance to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis induced by either exogenous or endogenous autoantigen. J. Autoimmun., 33 (1), 68–76.10.1016/j.jaut.2009.03.010270609719375891]Search in Google Scholar
[Morshed, S. A., Latif, R., Davies, T. F. (2012). Delineating the autoimmune mechanisms in Graves’ disease. Immunol. Res., 54, 191–203.10.1007/s12026-012-8312-8450418222434518]Search in Google Scholar
[Papp, G., Boros, P., Nakken, B., Szodoray, P., Zeher, M. (2017). Regulatory immune cells and functions in autoimmunity and transplantation immunology. Autoimmun. Rev., 16 (5), 435–444.10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.01128286106]Search in Google Scholar
[Paschou, S. A., Palioura, E., Kothonas, F., Myroforidis, A., Loi, V., Poulou, A., Goumas, K., Effraimidis, G., Vryonidou, A. (2018). The effect of anti-TNF therapy on thyroid function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Endocr. J., 65, 1121–1125.10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-024330135331]Search in Google Scholar
[Peck, A., Mellins, E. D. (2010). Plasticity of T-cell phenotype and function: The T helper type 17 example. Immunology, 129, 147–153.10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03189.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Pedersen, I. B., Knudsen, N., Carlé, A., Schomburg, L., Köhrle, J., Jørgensen, T., Rasmussen, L. B., Ovesen, L., Laurberg, P. (2013). Serum selenium is low in newly diagnosed Graves’ disease: A population-based study. Clin. Endocrinol.,79, 584–590.10.1111/cen.12185]Search in Google Scholar
[Pedersen, I. B., Knudsen, N., Carlé, A., Vejbjerg, P., Jørgensen, T., Perrild, H., Laurberg, P. (2011). A cautious iodization programme bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population. Clin. Endocrinol., 75, 120–126.10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Pedersen, I. B., Laurberg, P., Knudsen, N., Jørgensen, T., Perrild, H., Ovesen, L., Rasmussen, L. B. (2007). An increased incidence of overt hypothyroidism after iodine fortification of salt in Denmark: A prospective population study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 92, 3122–3127.10.1210/jc.2007-0732]Search in Google Scholar
[Pyzik, A., Grywalska, E., Matyjaszek-Matuszek, B., Roliński, J. (2015). Immune disorders in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: what do we know so far? J. Immunol. Res.,2015, 979167.10.1155/2015/979167]Search in Google Scholar
[Qin, H., Wang, L., Feng, T., Elson, C. O., Niyongere, S. A., Lee, S. J., Reynolds, S. L., Weaver, C. T., Roarty, K., Serra, R., Benveniste, E. N., Cong, Y. (2009). TGF-β promotes Th17 cell development through inhibition of SOCS3. J. Immunol., 183, 97–105.10.4049/jimmunol.0801986]Search in Google Scholar
[Qin, Q., Liu, P., Liu, L., Wang, R., Yan, N., Yang, J., Wang, X., Pandey, M., Zhang, J. A. (2012). The increased but non-predominant expression of Th17- and Th1-specific cytokines in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis but not in Graves’ disease. Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res., 45, 1202–1208.10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500168]Search in Google Scholar
[Ramos-Leví, A. M., Marazuela, M. (2016). Pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune disease: the role of cellular mechanisms. Endocrinología y Nutrición, 63, 421–429.10.1016/j.endonu.2016.04.003]Search in Google Scholar
[Rayman, M. P. (2012). Selenium and human health. The Lancet, 379, 1256–1268.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61452-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Rebuffat, S. A., Nguyen, B., Robert, B., Castex, F., Peraldi-Roux, S. (2008). Antithyroperoxidase antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in autoimmune thyroid disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93, 929–934.10.1210/jc.2007-204218073303]Search in Google Scholar
[Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., Vitales-Noyola, M., Ramos-Levi, A., Serrano-Somavilla, A., González-Amaro, R., Marazuela, M. (2016). Levels of regulatory T cells CD69+NKG2D+IL-10+are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Endocrine, 51, 478–489.10.1007/s12020-015-0662-226100786]Search in Google Scholar
[Roncarolo, M. G., Gregori, S., Bacchetta, R., Battaglia, M. (2014). Tr1 cells and the counter-regulation of immunity: Natural mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol.,380, 39–68.10.1007/978-3-662-43492-5_325004813]Search in Google Scholar
[Roura-Mir, C., Catálfamo, M., Cheng, T.-Y., Marqusee, E., Besra, G. S., Jaraquemada, D., Moody, D. B. (2005). CD1a and CD1c activate intrathyroidal T cells during Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. J. Immunol.,174, 3773–3780.10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.377315749918]Search in Google Scholar
[Salmaso, C., Bagnasco, M., Pesce, G., Montagna, P., Brizzolara, R., Altrinetti, V., Giordano, C. (2002). Regulation of apoptosis in endocrine autoimmunity: Insights from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. Ann. New York Acad. Sci.,966, 496–501.10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04253.x12114310]Search in Google Scholar
[Shevach, E. M. (2006). From vanilla to 28 flavors: Multiple varieties of T regulatory cells. Immunity, 25 (2), 195–201.10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.00316920638]Search in Google Scholar
[Shevach, E. M., Thornton, A. M. (2014). tTregs, pTregs, and iTregs: Similarities and differences. Immunol Rev, 259, 88–102.10.1111/imr.12160398218724712461]Search in Google Scholar
[Song, X., Gao, H., Qian, Y. (2014). Th17 differentiation and their proinflammation function. Adv. Exper. Med. Biol., 841, 99–151.10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_525261206]Search in Google Scholar
[Stadhouders, R., Lubberts, E., Hendriks, R. W. (2018). A cellular and molecular view of T helper 17 cell plasticity in autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun., 87, 1–15.10.1016/j.jaut.2017.12.00729275836]Search in Google Scholar
[Stritesky, G. L., Yeh, N., Kaplan, M. H. (2008). IL-23 promotes maintenance but not commitment to the Th17 lineage. J. Immunol., 181, 5948–5955.10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5948267890518941183]Search in Google Scholar
[Teng, W., Shan, Z., Teng, X., Guan, H., Li, Y., Teng, D., Li, C. (2006). Effect of iodine intake on thyroid diseases in China. New England J. Med., 354, 2783–2793.10.1056/NEJMoa05402216807415]Search in Google Scholar
[Tomer, Y. (2014). Mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases: From genetics to epigenetics. Annu. Rev. Pathol.,9, 147–156.10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104713412863724460189]Search in Google Scholar
[Tomer, Y., Davies, T. F. (2003). Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: From gene mapping to gene function. Endocr. Rev., 24, 694–717.10.1210/er.2002-003014570752]Search in Google Scholar
[Tomer, Y., Huber, A. (2009). The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease: A story of genes and environment. J. Autoimmun., 87 (1), 404–407.10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007356149419307103]Search in Google Scholar
[Toulis, K. A., Anastasilakis, A. D., Tzellos, T. G., Goulis, D. G., Kouvelas, D. (2010). Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thyroid, 20, 1163–1173.10.1089/thy.2009.035120883174]Search in Google Scholar
[Valea, A., Georgescu, C. E. (2018). Selenoproteins in human body: focus on thyroid pathophysiology. Hormones, 17, 183–196.10.1007/s42000-018-0033-529873029]Search in Google Scholar
[Villanueva, R., Greenberg, D. A., Davies, T. F., Tomer, Y. (2003). Sibling recurrence risk in autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid, 13, 761–764.10.1089/10507250376849965314558919]Search in Google Scholar
[Vita, R., Lapa, D., Trimarchi, F., Benvenga, S. (2014). Stress triggers the onset and the recurrences of hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease. Endocrine, 48 (1), 254–263.10.1007/s12020-014-0289-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Weetman, A. P. (2010). Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: Molecular mechanisms. Nature Rev. Endocrinol., 6 (6), 311–318.10.1038/nrendo.2010.4620421883]Search in Google Scholar
[Wichman, J., Winther, K. H., Bonnema, S. J., Hegedüs, L. (2016). Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid, 26 (12), 1681–1692.10.1089/thy.2016.025627702392]Search in Google Scholar
[Winther, K. H., Wichman, J. E. M., Bonnema, S. J., Hegedüs, L. (2017). Insufficient documentation for clinical efficacy of selenium supplementation in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine, 55 (2), 376–385.10.1007/s12020-016-1098-z527287727683225]Search in Google Scholar
[Wu, Q., Rayman, M. P., Lv, H., Schomburg, L., Cui, B., Gao, C., Chen, P., Zhuang, G., Zhenan, Z., Peng, X., Li, H., Zhao, Y., He, X., Zeng, G., Qin, F., Hou, P., Shi, B. (2015). Low population selenium status is associated with increased prevalence of thyroid disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 100, 4037–4047.10.1210/jc.2015-222226305620]Search in Google Scholar
[Xiong, H., Wu, M., Yi, H., Wang, X., Wang, Q., Nadirshina, S., Zhou, X., Liu, X. (2016). Genetic associations of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene with Graves diseases and Graves ophthalmopathy: A meta-analysis. Sci. Rep.6, 30356.10.1038/srep30356]Search in Google Scholar
[Xu, C., Wu, F., Mao, C., Wang, X., Zheng, T., Bu, L., Xiao, Y. (2016). Excess iodine promotes apoptosis of thyroid follicular epithelial cells by inducing autophagy suppression and is associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis disease. J. Autoimmun.,75, 50–57.10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Xue, H., Wang, W., Li, Y., Shan, Z., Li, Y., Teng, X., Gao, Y., Fan, C., Teng, W. (2010). Selenium upregulates CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis model of NOD.H-2(h4) mice. Endocr. J., 57 (7), 595–601.10.1507/endocrj.K10E-063]Search in Google Scholar
[Yu, X., Li, L., Li, Q., Zang, X., Liu, Z. (2011). TRAIL and DR5 promote thyroid follicular cell apoptosis in iodine excess-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD mice. Biol. Trace Element Res., 143, 1064–1076.10.1007/s12011-010-8941-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Zake, T., Skuja, S., Kalere, I., Konrade, I., Groma, V. (2018). Heterogeneity of tissue IL-17 and tight junction proteins expression demonstrated in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Medicine, 97, e11211.10.1097/MD.0000000000011211]Search in Google Scholar
[Zeitlin, A. A., Heward, J. M., Newby, P. R., Carr-Smith, J. D., Franklyn, J. A., Gough, S. C. L., Simmonds, M. J. (2008). Analysis of HLA class II genes in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis reveals differences compared to Graves’ disease. Genes Immun., 9 (4), 358–363.10.1038/gene.2008.26]Search in Google Scholar
[Zimmermann, M. B., Boelaert, K. (2015). Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 3, 286–295.10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70225-6]Search in Google Scholar