<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and their presence is associated with an increased risk for hospitalization, longer length of stay and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. We assessed the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in the occurrence of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with COPD.</p></sec><sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study group consisted of 96 patients. Group 1 had 25 individuals with COPD, Group 2 had 23 individuals with AH and Group 3 had 28 individuals with COPD and AH. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. I/D genotypes of ACE were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification.</p></sec><sec><h3>Results</h3><p>The frequency distribution of polymorphic genotypes of the gene encoding ACE and assessment of compliance with the Hardy-Weinberg population equilibrium were carried out in groups of patients with COPD, AH and COPD + AH combination. The frequencies of the genotype responsible for I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in the control and experimental groups were not found to deviate significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results of the study have not demonstrated any significant impact of alleles of ACE genes or ACE genes on occurrence of diseases such as COPD, AH and combinations thereof. However, analysis of odds ratio has demonstrated that the presence of the D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for occurrence of the COPD + AH (OR = 1.26).</p></sec><sec><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The data obtained in the study allow suggesting that the presence of D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for AH in patients with COPD.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and their presence is associated with an increased risk for hospitalization, longer length of stay and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. We assessed the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in the occurrence of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with COPD.MethodsThe study group consisted of 96 patients. Group 1 had 25 individuals with COPD, Group 2 had 23 individuals with AH and Group 3 had 28 individuals with COPD and AH. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. I/D genotypes of ACE were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification.ResultsThe frequency distribution of polymorphic genotypes of the gene encoding ACE and assessment of compliance with the Hardy-Weinberg population equilibrium were carried out in groups of patients with COPD, AH and COPD + AH combination. The frequencies of the genotype responsible for I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in the control and experimental groups were not found to deviate significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results of the study have not demonstrated any significant impact of alleles of ACE genes or ACE genes on occurrence of diseases such as COPD, AH and combinations thereof. However, analysis of odds ratio has demonstrated that the presence of the D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for occurrence of the COPD + AH (OR = 1.26).ConclusionThe data obtained in the study allow suggesting that the presence of D allele of the ACE gene may increase the risk for AH in patients with COPD.

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and arterial hypertension in patients with COPD

Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

Pneumologia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Polimorfismul genei I/D a ACE si hipertensiunea arteriala la pacientii cu BPOC

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and their presence is associated with an...

Genotype		COPD		AH		COPD + AH		Control

		Expected	Observed	Expected	Observed	Expected	Observed	Expected	Observed
Common homozygotes	I/I	7.8	7	7.3	7	8	9	6.1	5
Heterozygotes	I/D	14.6	14	11.3	12	13.9	12	9.9	12
Rare homozygotes	D/D	2.6	4	4.4	4	6.1	7	4	3
Chi-square, χ²		χ² = 0.86, df = 2, p > 0.05		χ² = 0.09, df = 2, p > 0.05		χ² = 0.52, df = 2, p > 0.05		χ² = 0.89, df = 2, p > 0.05

Group	Alleles

	ACE I allele			ACE D allele

	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
COPD	1.04	0.45–2.40	>0.05	0.96	0.42–2.22	>0.05
AH	1.06	0.45–2.50	>0.05	0.94	0.40–2.21	>0.05
COPD + AH	0.94	0.42–2.13	>0.05	1.26	0.47–2.39	>0.05

Allele frequency	COPD		AH		COPD + AH		Control

	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
ACE I allele	28	56.0	26	56.5	30	53.6	22	55.0
ACE D allele	22	44.0	20	43.5	26	46.4	18	45.0
Pearson’s chi-square, χ² (disease/control group)	χ² = 0.01, df = 1, p = 0.92		χ² = 0.02, df = 1, p = 0.89		χ² = 0.02, df = 1, p = 0.89		–

Genotype frequencies	COPD		AH		COPD + AH		Control

	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
I/I	7	28.0	7	30.4	9	32.1	5	25.0
I/D	14	56.0	12	52.2	12	42.9	12	60.0
D/D	4	16.0	4	17.4	7	25.0	3	15.0

Fisher’s exact p, two tailed (disease/control group)	p = 1.0		p = 0.75		p = 0.75		–

Group	Genotype

	I/I		I/D		D/D

	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
COPD	1.17	0.31–4.44	0.85	0.26–2.80	1.08	0.21–5.50
AH	1.31	0.34–5.05	0.73	0.22–2.44	1.19	0.23–6.11
COPD + AH	1.42	0.39–5.14	0.50	0.16–1.61	1.89	0.42–8.43

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and arterial hypertension in patients with COPD

Online veröffentlicht: 09. Dez. 2019

Seitenbereich: 114 - 119

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pneum-2019-0039

Schlüsselwörter
Cuvinte-cheiechronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, insertion-deletion polymorphism

© 2019 Mariya Marushchak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

OR for alleles in different study groups

Allele frequencies of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism

Genotype frequencies of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

OR for genotypes in different study groups

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and arterial hypertension in patients with COPD

Online veröffentlicht: 09. Dez. 2019

Seitenbereich: 114 - 119

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pneum-2019-0039

SchlüsselwörterCuvinte-cheiechronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, insertion-deletion polymorphism

© 2019 Mariya Marushchak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

OR for alleles in different study groups

Allele frequencies of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism

Genotype frequencies of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

OR for genotypes in different study groups

Schlüsselwörter
Cuvinte-cheiechronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, insertion-deletion polymorphism