Lexical and morphological development: A case study of Malay English bilingual first language acquisition

Arshad, M. A., & Subramaniam, V. (2006). Pemerolehan morfologi dan sintaksis dalam kalangan kanak-kanak melayu pada peringkat menjelang tatabahasa [The acquisition of morphology and syntax among Malay children at the pre-language stage]. Jurnal Dewan, 6, 112–120. Search in Google Scholar

Bassano, D., Laaha, S., Maillochon, I., & Dressler, W. U. (2004). Early acquisition of verb grammar and lexical development: Evidence from periphrastic constructions in French and Austrian German. First Language, 24(1), 33–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/014272370404070410.1177/0142723704040704 Search in Google Scholar

Bates, E., Bretherton, I., & Snyder, L. (1988). From first words to grammar: Individual differences and dissociable mechanisms. Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Bates, E., Dale, P. S., & Thal, D. (1995). Individual differences and their implications for theories of language development. In P. Fletcher & B. MacWhinney (Eds.), The handbook of child language (pp. 96–151). Blackwell. Search in Google Scholar

Bates, E., & Goodman, J. C. (1999). On the emergence of grammar from the lexicon. In B. MacWhinney (Ed.), The emergence of language (pp. 29–79). Lawrence Erlbaum. Search in Google Scholar

Bernardini, P., & Schlyter, S. (2004). Growing syntactic structure and code-mixing in the weaker language: The ivy hypothesis. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(1), 49–69. https://doi/org/10.1017/S136672890400127010.1017/S1366728904001270 Search in Google Scholar

Bettoni, C., & Di Biase, B. (2015). Processability Theory: theoretical bases and universal schedules. In C. Bettoni & B. Di Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages: Exploring the boundaries of processability theory (pp. 19–81). Eurosla. Search in Google Scholar

Bonilla, C. L. (2015). From number agreement to the subjunctive: Evidence for Processability Theory in L2 Spanish. Second Language Research, 31(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/026765831453729110.1177/0267658314537291 Search in Google Scholar

Bresnan, J. (2001). Lexical-functional syntax. Blackwell. Search in Google Scholar

Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Harvard University Press. Caselli, C., Bates, E., Casadio, P., Fenson, J., Fenson, L., Sanderl, L., & Weir, J. (1995). A cross-linguistic study of early lexical development. Cognitive Development, 10(2), 159–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-2014(95)90008-X10.1016/0885-2014(95)90008-X Search in Google Scholar

Caselli, C., Casadio, P., & Bates, E. (1999). A comparison of the transition from first words to grammar in English and Italian. Journal of Child Language, 26, 69–111.10.1017/S0305000998003687 Search in Google Scholar

Conboy, B. T., & Thal, D. J. (2006). Ties between the lexicon and grammar: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of bilingual toddlers. Child Development, 77(3), 712–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00899.x10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00899.x Search in Google Scholar

Dalrymple, M. (2001). Syntax and semantics: Lexical functional grammar. Academic Press. Search in Google Scholar

David, A., & Wei, L. (2005). The composition of the bilingual lexicon. [Conference presentation]. 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Search in Google Scholar

David, A., & Wei, L. (2008). Individual differences in the lexical development of French-English bilingual children. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(5), 598–614.10.1080/13670050802149200 Search in Google Scholar

De Houwer, A. (1990). The acquisition of two languages from birth: A case study. Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511519789 Search in Google Scholar

De Houwer, A. (2009). Bilingual first language acquisition. De Gruyter.10.21832/9781847691507 Search in Google Scholar

Di Biase, B., & Bettoni, C. (2015). The development of Italian as a second language. In C. Bettoni & B. Di Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages: Exploring the boundaries of processability theory. (pp. 117–148). Eurosla. Search in Google Scholar

Di Biase, B., & Kawaguchi, S. (2002). Exploring the typological plausibility of Processability Theory: Language development in Italian second language and Japanese second language. Second Language Research, 18(3), 274–302. https://doi.org/10.1191/0267658302sr204oa10.1191/0267658302sr204oa Search in Google Scholar

Di Biase, B., Kawaguchi, S., & Yamaguchi, Y. (2015). The development of English as a second language. In C. Bettoni &B. Di Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages:exploring the boundaries of processability theory (pp. 85–116). Eurosla. Search in Google Scholar

Dionne, G., Dale, P. S., Boivin, M., & Plomin, R. (2003). Genetic evidence for bidirectional effects of early lexical and grammatical development. Child Development, 74(2), 394–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.740200510.1111/1467-8624.7402005 Search in Google Scholar

Dopke, S. (1992). One parent-one language: An interactional approach. John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.3 Search in Google Scholar

Dopke, S. (1998). Competing language structures: The acquisition of verb placement by bilingual German-English children. Journal of Child Language, 25(3), 555–584. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500099800358410.1017/S0305000998003584 Search in Google Scholar

Falk, Y. N. (2001). Lexical-functional grammar: An introduction to parallel constraint-based syntax. CSLI Publication. Search in Google Scholar

Fenson, L., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D., & Pethick, S. (1994). Variability in early communicative development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development., 59(5), 1–173. https://doi.org/10.2307/116609310.2307/1166093 Search in Google Scholar

Gao, X. (2005). Noun phrase morphemes and topic development in L2 Mandarin Chinese: A processability perspective [Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria]. Search in Google Scholar

Garrett, M. F. (1976). Syntactic process in sentence production. In R. Wales & E. Walker (Eds.), New approaches to language mechanisms (pp. 231–256). North Holland. Search in Google Scholar

Garrett, M. F. (1980). Levels of processing in sentence production. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production: Speech and talk (Vol. 1, pp. 177–220). Academic Press. Search in Google Scholar

Garrett, M. F. (1982). Production of speech: Observations from normal and pathological language use. In A. W. Ellis (Ed.), Normality and pathology in cognitive functions (pp. 19–76). Academic Press. Search in Google Scholar

Gill, S. K. (2005). Language policy in Malaysia: Reversing direction. Language Policy, 4(3), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-005-7859-910.1007/s10993-005-7859-9 Search in Google Scholar

Gill, S. K. (2014). Language policy challenges in multi-ethnic Malaysia. Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-7966-2 Search in Google Scholar

Goddard, C. (2002). Semantic primes and universal grammar in Malay (bahasa Melayu). In C. Goddard & A. Wierzbicka (Eds.), Meaning and universal grammar: theory and empirical findings (Vol. 1, pp. 87–172). John Benjamins. Search in Google Scholar

Goddard, C. (2005). The languages of East and Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Grosjean, F. (1995). A psycholinguistic approach to code-switching: The recognition of guest words by bilinguals. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (Eds.), One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching (pp. 259–275). Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Grosjean, F. (1998). Studying bilinguals: Methodological and conceptual issues. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(2), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672899800025X10.1017/S136672899800025X Search in Google Scholar

Grosjean, F. (2008). Studying bilinguals. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Grosjean, F. (2015). The Complementarity Principle and its impact on processing, acquisition, and dominance. In C. Silva-Corvalán & J. Treffers-Daller (Eds.), Language dominance in bilinguals (pp. 174–194). Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781107375345.004 Search in Google Scholar

Hardini, I., Di Biase, B., Kawaguchi, S., & Reid, C. (2020). The effect of developmentally moderated focus on form instruction in Indonesian kindergarten children learning English as a foreign language. Instructed Second Language Acquisition, 4(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1558/isla.3972410.1558/isla.39724 Search in Google Scholar

Hardini, I., Kawaguchi, S., Reid, C., & Di Biase, B. (2019). Early lexical and grammatical development of English in Indonesian kindergarten children. Asiatic, 13(1), 76–102. Search in Google Scholar

Hashim, A. (2014). English and the linguistic ecology of Malaysia. World Englishes, 33(4), 458–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.1210710.1111/weng.12107 Search in Google Scholar

Itani-Adams, Y. (2007). Lexical and grammatical development in Japanese-English bilingual first language acquisition. In F. Mansouri (Ed.), Second language acquisition research: Theory-construction and testing (pp. 173–198). Cambridge Scholars Press. Search in Google Scholar

Itani-Adams, Y. (2013). One child and two languages: Acquisition of Japanese and English as bilingual first languages. Lincolm. Search in Google Scholar

Jackson-Maldonado, D. (2012). Verb morphology and vocabulary in monolinguals, emerging bilinguals, and monolingual children with primary language impairment. In B. Goldstein (Ed.), Bilingual language development and disorders in Spanish-English speakers (2 ed., pp. 153–173). Brookes. Search in Google Scholar

Jackson-Maldonado, D., Thal, D., Marchman, V., Bates, E., & Gutierrez-Clellen, V. (1993). Early lexical development in Spanish-speaking infants and toddlers. Journal of Child Language, 20(3), 523–549. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500090000846110.1017/S0305000900008461 Search in Google Scholar

Johnston, M. (2000). Stages of development for English as a second language. Language Australia. Search in Google Scholar

Kaplan, R. M., & Bresnan, J. (1982). Lexical-functional grammar: A formal system for grammatical representation. In J. Bresnan (Ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations (pp. 173–281). MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar

Karim, N. S., Farid, M., Hashim, H., & Abdul Hamid, M. (2008). Tatabahasa dewan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur. Search in Google Scholar

Kawaguchi, S. (2010). Learning Japanese as a second language: A processability perspective. Cambria Press. Search in Google Scholar

Kawaguchi, S. (2015). The development of Japanese as a second language. In C. Bettoni & B. D. Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages: Exploring the boundaries of processability theory (pp. 149–172). EuroSLA. Search in Google Scholar

Kempen, G., & Hoenkamp, E. (1987). An incremental procedural grammar for sentence formulation. Cognitive Science, 11(2), 201–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0364-0213(87)80006-X10.1207/s15516709cog1102_5 Search in Google Scholar

Keshavarz, M. H. (2007). Morphological development in the speech of a Persian–English bilingual child. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 36, 255–272. https://doi/org/10.1007/s10936-006-9044-510.1007/s10936-006-9044-5 Search in Google Scholar

Kroeger, P. R. (2005). Analyzing grammar: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511801679 Search in Google Scholar

Lanza, E. (2000). Concluding remarks: Language contact-a dilemma for the bilingual child or for the linguist. In S. Dopke (Ed.), Cross-linguistic structures in simultaneous bilingualism (pp. 227–245). John Benjamins. Search in Google Scholar

Lanza, E. (2004). Language mixing in infant bilingualism: A sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar

Maital, S. L., Dromi, E., Sagi, A., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000). The Hebrew communicative development inventory: Language specific properties and cross-linguistic generalizations. Journal of Child Language, 27(1), 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500099900400610.1017/S0305000999004006 Search in Google Scholar

Mansouri, F. (2005). Agreement morphology in Arabic as a second language: typological features and their processing implications. In M. Pienemann (Ed.), Cross-linguistic aspects of processability theory (pp. 117–153). John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.30.06man Search in Google Scholar

Mansouri, F., & Håkansson, G. (2007). Conceptualising intra-stage sequencing in the learner language. In F. Mansouri (Ed.), Second language acquisition research: Theory-construction and testing (pp. 95–119). Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Marchman, V., & Bates, E. (1994). Continuity in lexical and morphological development: A test of the critical mass hypothesis. Journal of Child Language, 21(2), 339–366. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500090000930210.1017/S0305000900009302 Search in Google Scholar

Marchman, V. A., Martínez-Sussmann, C., & Dale, P. (2004). The language-specific nature of grammatical development: Evidence from bilingual language learners. Developmental Science, 7(2), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00340.x10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00340.x Search in Google Scholar

Matthews, S., & Yip, V. (2011). Unbalanced bilingual acquisition as a mechanism of grammatical change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14(2), 159–161. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891000059310.1017/S1366728910000593 Search in Google Scholar

Medojevic, L. (2014). The effect of the first year of schooling on bilingual language development: A study of second and third generation Serbian-Australian 5-year-old bilingual children from a processability perspective. [Doctoral dissertation, Western Sydney University]. Search in Google Scholar

Meisel, J. M. (1989). Early differentiation of languages in bilingual children. In K. Hylstentham & L. Obler (Eds.), Bilingualism across the lifespan: Aspects of acquisition, maturity and loss (pp. 13–40). Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Mohamad Noor, H. N. (2002). Pemerolehan bahasa kanak-kanak melayu: Satu kajian kes [Language acquisition of a Malay child: a case study]. Jurnal Dewan, 2, 465–489. Search in Google Scholar

Mohamed Salleh, R. T. A. (2017). Bilingual first language acquisition in Malay and English: A morphological and suprasegmental study in the development of plural expressions in a bilingual child. [Doctoral dissertation, Western Sydney University]. http://210.48.222.80/proxy.pac/docview/2034359984?accountid=44024 Search in Google Scholar

Mohamed Salleh, R. T. A., Di Biase, B., & Ramlan, W. N. M. (2020). The acquisition of English grammar among Malay-English bilingual primary school children. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(4), 166–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2004-1010.17576/gema-2020-2004-10 Search in Google Scholar

Mohamed Salleh, R. T. A., Kawaguchi, S., & Di Biase, B. (2019). A case study on the acquisition of plurality in a bilingual Malay-English context-bound child. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 19(3), 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1903-0210.17576/gema-2019-1903-02 Search in Google Scholar

Mohamed Salleh, R. T. A., Kawaguchi, S., Jones, C., & Biase, B. D. (2016). The development of plural expressions in a Malay-English bilingual child. Asiatic, 10(2), 60–81. Search in Google Scholar

Mohd Noor, P. (2013). A study of first person singular pronouns in Malay child language [Conference presentation]. 3rd International Conference on Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Search in Google Scholar

Moyle, M. J., Weismer, S. E., Evans, J. L., & Lindstrom, M. J. (2007). Longitudinal relationships between lexical and grammatical development in typical and late-talking children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research., 50(2), 508–528. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2007/035)10.1044/1092-4388(2007/035) Search in Google Scholar

Ochs, E. (1979). Transcription as theory. In E. Ochs & B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Developmental pragmatics (pp. 43–72). Academic Press. Search in Google Scholar

Omar, A. (1988). Faktor Psikolinguistik dan sosiolinguistik dalam pelajaran dan pemelajaran bahasa [Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic factors in learning and acquiring language]. Jurnal Dewan, 32, 5–17. Search in Google Scholar

Paradis, J., & Genesee, F. (1996). Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children: Autonomous or interdependent? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(1), 1–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44487857 Search in Google Scholar

Pearson, B. Z., Fernandez, S. C., & Oller, D. K. (1993). Lexical development in bilingual infants and toddlers: Comparison to monolingual norms. Language Learning, 43(1), 93–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1993.tb00174.x10.1111/j.1467-1770.1993.tb00174.x Search in Google Scholar

Pienemann, M. (1998). Language processing and second language development: processability theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company.10.1075/sibil.15 Search in Google Scholar

Pienemann, M. (2005). Discussing PT. In M. Pienemann (Ed.), Cross-linguistic aspects of Processability Theory (pp. 61–83). John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.30.04pie Search in Google Scholar

Pienemann, M., Di Biase, B., Kawaguchi, S., & Hakansson, G. (2005). Processing constraint on L1 transfer. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. De Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psychological approaches (pp. 128–153). Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Pienemann, M., & Hakansson, G. (1999). A unified approach towards the development of Swedish as L2: Processability account. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(3), 383–420. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4448691210.1017/S0272263199003022 Search in Google Scholar

Pienemann, M., Keßler, J.-U., & Itani-Adams, Y. (2011). Comparing levels of processability across languages. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15(2), 128–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/136700691038003710.1177/1367006910380037 Search in Google Scholar

Qi, R. (2011). The bilingual acquisition of English and Mandarin: Chinese children in Australia. Cambria Press. Search in Google Scholar

Qi, R., & Di Biase, B. (2020). The influence of the environmental language (Lε) in Mandarin-English bilingual development: The case of transfer in wh-questions. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(4). 691–714. https://doi.org/10.1177/136700691987671610.1177/1367006919876716 Search in Google Scholar

Quick, A. E., Lieven, E., Backus, A., & Tomasello, M. (2018). Constructively combining languages: The use of code-mixing in German-English bilingual child language acquisition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 8(3), 393–409. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.17008.qui10.1075/lab.17008.qui Search in Google Scholar

Razak, R. A. (2014). Studies on the acquisition of morphology and syntax among Malay children in Malaysia: Issues, challenges and needs. In H. Winskel & P. Padakannaya (Eds.), South and Southeast Asian psycholinguistics (pp. 133–145). Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Razak, R. A., Jin, L., Lim, H. W., & Aziz, M. A. (2016). Profiling Malay children’s syntactic development: A Malay-LARSP. In D. Crystal, J. M. Ball, & P. Fletcher (Eds.), Profiling grammar: More languages of LARSP (pp. 135–169). Multilingual Matters. Search in Google Scholar

Salehuddin, K. (2012). The acquisition of English negative constructions by a Malay bilingual child. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 18(4), 181–191. Search in Google Scholar

Salehuddin, K., & Winskel, H. (2009). An investigation into Malay numeral classifier acquisition through an elicited production task. First Language, 29(3), 289–311. https://doi/org/10.1177/014272370910318710.1177/0142723709103187 Search in Google Scholar

Simanjutak, M. (1990). Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bahasa kanak-kanak [The growth and development of child language]. [The growth and development of child language]. Jurnal Dewan, 34, 692-704. Search in Google Scholar

Simon-Cereijido, G., & Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F. (2009). A cross-linguistic and bilingual evaluation of the interdependence between lexical and grammatical domains. Applied Psycholinguistics, 30(2), 315–337. https://doi/org/10.1017/S014271640909013410.1017/S0142716409090134 Search in Google Scholar

Sloetjes, H., & Wittenburg, P. (2008). ELAN (Version 4.9.3). Nijmegen, The Netherlands. http://tla.mpi.nl/tools/tla-tools/elan/ Search in Google Scholar

Soh, O.-K., Azman, H., & Ho, S. M. (2020). A systematic review on bilingualism and language processing from 2015–2019. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 26(1), 18–31.10.17576/3L-2020-2601-02 Search in Google Scholar

Thordardottir, E. T., Weismer, S. E., & Evans, J. L. (2002). Continuity in lexical and morphological development in Icelandic and English-speaking 2-year-olds. First Language, 22(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/01427237020220640110.1177/014272370202206401 Search in Google Scholar

Treffers-Daller, J. (2019). What defines language dominance in bilinguals? Annual Review of Linguistics, 5(1), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011817-04555410.1146/annurev-linguistics-011817-045554 Search in Google Scholar

Yip, V., & Matthews, S. (2007). The bilingual child: Early development and language contact. Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511620744 Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y. (2002). Describing the L2 acquisition process: The genitive and attributive markers of Mandarin Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 37(2), 75–112. Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y. (2005). Processing and formal instruction in the L2 acquisition of five Chinese grammatical morphemes. In M. Pienemann (Ed.), Cross-linguistic aspects of processability theory (pp. 155–177). John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.30.07zha Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y., & Widyastuti, I. (2010). Acquisition of L2 English morphology: A family case study. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 33(3), 29.21–29.17. https://doi.org/10.2104/aral102910.2104/aral1029 Search in Google Scholar