An in-house step-wedge phantom for the calibration of pixel values in CT localizer radiographs for water-equivalent diameter measurement

1. Abuhaimed A, Martin CJ. Estimation of size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) for pediatric and adults patients based on a single slice. Phys Med. 2020;74:30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.05.00132403067 Search in Google Scholar

2. Tanveer Y, Ahmed F, Aslam A, Cheema STM. Retrospective audit of CT scans performed at a hospital for surgical patients. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;78:103788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103788920690035734703 Search in Google Scholar

3. Anam C, Haryanto F, Widita R, Arif I, Dougherty G. A fully automated calculation of size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in thoracic and head CT examinations. J Phys: Conf Ser. 2016;694:012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/694/1/012030 Search in Google Scholar

4. Hu X, Gou J, Lin W, Zou C, Li W. Size-specific dose estimates of adult, chest computed tomography examinations: Comparison of Chinese and updated 2017 American College of Radiology diagnostic reference levels based on the water-equivalent diameter. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257294. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257294843730534516579 Search in Google Scholar

5. Power SP, Moloney F, Twomey M, James K, O’Connor OJ, Maher MM. Computed tomography and patient risk: Facts, perceptions and uncertainties. World J Radiol. 2016;8(12):902. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v8.i12.902518392428070242 Search in Google Scholar

6. Nickoloff EL, Dutta AK, Lu ZF. Influence of phantom diameter, kVp and scan mode upon computed tomography dose index. Med Phys. 2003;30(3):395-402. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.154314912674240 Search in Google Scholar

7. Kalender WA. Dose in x-ray computed tomography. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59(3):R129-R150. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/3/R12924434792 Search in Google Scholar

8. Xu J, He X, Xiao H, Xu J. Comparative study of volume computed tomography dose index and size-specific dose estimate head in computed tomography examination for adult patients based on the mode of automatic tube current modulation. Med Sci Monitor. 2019;25:71-76. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.913927632778030604739 Search in Google Scholar

9. Huda W, Mettler FA. Volume CT dose index and dose-length product displayed during CT: What good are they? Radiology. 2011;258(1):236-242. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.1010029720971777 Search in Google Scholar

10. McCollough CH, Leng S, Yu L, Cody DD, Boone JM, McNitt-Gray MF. CT dose index and patient dose: They are not the same thing. Radiology. 2011;259(2):311-316. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11101800307912021502387 Search in Google Scholar

11. Anam C, Mahdani FR, Dewi WK, et al. An improved method for automated calculation of the water-equivalent diameter for estimating size-specific dose in CT. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2021;22(9):313-323. https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13367842590534291861 Search in Google Scholar

12. AAPM. Size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in pediatric and adult body CT examinations. AAPM Report No. 204. 2011. Search in Google Scholar

13. Anam C, Haryanto F, Widita R, Arif I, Dougherty G. The evaluation of the effective diameter (Deff) calculation and its impact on the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). Atom Indones. 2017;43(1):55-60. https://doi.org/10.17146/aij.2017.617 Search in Google Scholar

14. AAPM. AAPM TG 220: Use of water equivalent diameter for calculating patient size and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in CT. AAPM Report 220. 2014). Search in Google Scholar

15. Wang J, Christner JA, Duan X, Leng S, Yu L, McCollough CH. Attenuation-based estimation of patient size for the purpose of size specific dose estimation in CT. Part II. Implementation on abdomen and thorax phantoms using cross sectional CT images and scanned projection radiograph images. Med Phys. 2012;39(11):6772-6778. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.475758623127071 Search in Google Scholar

16. Burton CS, Szczykutowicz TP. Evaluation of AAPM Reports 204 and 220: Estimation of effective diameter, water-equivalent diameter, and ellipticity ratios for chest, abdomen, pelvis, and head CT scans. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2017;19(1):228-238. https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12223576801429178549 Search in Google Scholar

17. Porzio M, Anam C. Real-time fully automated dosimetric computation for CT images in the clinical workflow: A feasibility study. Front Oncol. 2022;12:798460. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.798460940398636033538 Search in Google Scholar

18. Ozsoykal I, Yurt A, Akgungor K. Size-specific dose estimates in chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT examinations of pediatric patients. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2018;24(4):243-248. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2018.17450604551330091715 Search in Google Scholar

19. Anam C, Haryanto F, Widita R, Arif I, Dougherty G. Automated calculation of water-equivalent diameter (DW) based on AAPM Task Group 220. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2016;17(4):320-333. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v17i4.6171569005927455491 Search in Google Scholar

20. Anam C, Fujibuchi T, Toyoda T, et al. A simple method for calibrating pixel values of the CT localizer radiograph for calculating water-equivalent diameter and size-specific dose estimate. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2018;179(2):158-168. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncx24129136233 Search in Google Scholar

21. Zhang D, Mihai G, Barbaras LG, Brook OR, Palmer MR. A new method for CT dose estimation by determining patient water equivalent diameter from localizer radiographs: Geometric transformation and calibration methods using readily available phantoms. Med Phys. 2018;45(7):3371-3378. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.1295429746705 Search in Google Scholar

22. Kuriyama K, Matsubara K, Hisahara S, et al. Effect of table height displacement and patient center deviation on size-specific dose estimates calculated from computed tomography localizer radiographs. Phys Eng Sci Med. 2020;43(2):665-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-020-00874-332378125 Search in Google Scholar

23. Papp J. Quality management in the imaging science, Mosby Inc: USA Peart Olive. 2006. Search in Google Scholar

24. Nasir M, Pratama D, Anam C. Calculation of size specific dose estimates (SSDE) value at ylindrical phantom from CBCT Varian OBI v1.4 X-ray tube EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation based. J Phys: Conf Ser. 2016;694:012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/694/1/012040 Search in Google Scholar

25. Leng S, Shiung M, Duan X, Yu L, Zhang Y, McCollough CH. Size-specific dose estimates for chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT: Effect of intrapatient variability in water-equivalent diameter. Radiology. 2015;276(1):184-190. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.15142160447997325734556 Search in Google Scholar

26. Burton CS, Malkus A, Ranallo F, Szczykutowicz TP. Technical Note: Model-based magnification/minification correction of patient size surrogates extracted from CT localizers. Med Phys. 2019;46(1):165-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.1325130372531 Search in Google Scholar

27. Terashima M, Mizonobe K, Date H. Determination of appropriate conversion factors for calculating size-specific dose estimates based on X-ray CT scout images after miscentering correction. Radiol Phys Technol. 2019;12(3):283-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00519-531222561 Search in Google Scholar