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Effects of seasonal changes and depth on growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on a shipwreck in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Tuğçe Şensurat-Genç
Tuğçe Şensurat-Genç
, 
Onur Karadal
Onur Karadal
, 
Adnan Çağlar Oruç
Adnan Çağlar Oruç
, 
Aytaç Özgül
Aytaç Özgül
 und 
Altan Lök
Altan Lök
   | 03. Dez. 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Online veröffentlicht: 03. Dez. 2021
Seitenbereich: 441 - 454
Eingereicht: 18. Mai 2021
Akzeptiert: 16. Juli 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0038
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© 2021 Tuğçe Şensurat-Genç et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Map of the study area. Two passenger vessels (Alaybey and 9 Eylül) are located in the northeastern region of Karaburun, İzmir, Turkey: 9 Eylül extends close to the natural reef of Küçükada, while Alaybey, selected as the study site, is far away from the natural reefs of Büyükada. Aslan Kayası (control site) has similar features to the Alaybey site.
Map of the study area. Two passenger vessels (Alaybey and 9 Eylül) are located in the northeastern region of Karaburun, İzmir, Turkey: 9 Eylül extends close to the natural reef of Küçükada, while Alaybey, selected as the study site, is far away from the natural reefs of Büyükada. Aslan Kayası (control site) has similar features to the Alaybey site.

Figure 2

Schematic and general view of the mussel cages. A. The mussel cages were deployed under water with an anchor 50 cm below and a float 50 cm above. Mussels were placed into 10 cylindrical bags that were suspended inside the polyethylene cages to protect them from predator attacks. Mussel cages were covered with PVC-coated nets with a mesh size of 15 mm. B. General view of a mussel cage placed at the study site
Schematic and general view of the mussel cages. A. The mussel cages were deployed under water with an anchor 50 cm below and a float 50 cm above. Mussels were placed into 10 cylindrical bags that were suspended inside the polyethylene cages to protect them from predator attacks. Mussel cages were covered with PVC-coated nets with a mesh size of 15 mm. B. General view of a mussel cage placed at the study site

Figure 3

Seasonal seawater parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity of midwater (above) and deepwater (below) regions of artificial and natural reefs
Seasonal seawater parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity of midwater (above) and deepwater (below) regions of artificial and natural reefs

Figure 4

Seasonal changes in length, width, and flesh weight (with SE bars) of Mediterranean mussels placed in midwater of artificial and natural reefs
Seasonal changes in length, width, and flesh weight (with SE bars) of Mediterranean mussels placed in midwater of artificial and natural reefs

Figure 5

Seasonal changes in length, width, and flesh weight (with SE bars) of Mediterranean mussel placed in deepwater of artificial and natural reefs
Seasonal changes in length, width, and flesh weight (with SE bars) of Mediterranean mussel placed in deepwater of artificial and natural reefs

Figure 6

Correlations between physicochemical water parameters and the SGRL (%) and SGRFW (%) of Mediterranean mussels placed in artificial and natural reefs in the Aegean Sea (trendlines and r2 values for each growth parameter are shown in the figure)
Correlations between physicochemical water parameters and the SGRL (%) and SGRFW (%) of Mediterranean mussels placed in artificial and natural reefs in the Aegean Sea (trendlines and r2 values for each growth parameter are shown in the figure)

Annual growth parameters of Mediterranean mussels placed in artificial (AR) and natural reefs (NR) in the Aegean Sea

Period Reef type Parameter Summer Autumn Winter Spring
2018 – 2019 AR L (mm) 54.82 ± 2.41a 56.68 ± 0.84a 60.94 ± 1.07b 61.36 ± 1.46b
W (mm) 27.83 ± 1.12a 29.10 ± 0.43ab 30.46 ± 0.49b 30.83 ± 0.66b
FW (g) 1.94 ± 0.23a 3.69 ± 0.20b 4.11 ± 0.26b 3.37 ± 0.22b
CCI (%) 24.11 ± 0.68ab 23.51 ± 0.08a 25.00 ± 0.19b 24.60 ± 0.28b
NR L (mm) 54.14 ± 3.23a 63.85 ± 1.04b 59.60 ± 1.64ab 65.72 ± 2.71b
W (mm) 27.52 ± 1.52a 32.08 ± 0.50b 30.80 ± 1.15ab 32.72 ± 1.10b
FW (g) 1.99 ± 0.32a 4.65 ± 0.38b 3.61 ± 0.34b 3.50 ± 0.52ab
CCI (%) 24.30 ± 0.66a 23.81 ± 0.12a 27.90 ± 0.41b 27.78 ± 0.38b
2019 – 2020 AR L (mm) 63.07 ± 1.20 66.21 ± 1.34 63.30 ± 1.55 64.98 ± 1.08
W (mm) 31.47 ± 0.58 32.78 ± 0.61 31.78 ± 0.73 32.71 ± 0.51
FW (g) 3.28 ± 0.18a 3.00 ± 0.19a 4.76 ± 0.51b 2.82 ± 0.14a
CCI (%) 25.56 ± 0.64b 24.87 ± 0.69ab 23.09 ± 0.32a 23.60 ± 0.38a
NR L (mm) 66.49 ± 1.10 61.24 ± 2.73 63.06 ± 1.51 67.84 ± 1.45
W (mm) 32.98 ± 0.73 31.98 ± 1.21 31.75 ± 0.72 33.41 ± 0.78
FW (g) 4.09 ± 0.18ab 2.84 ± 0.35a 4.46 ± 0.40b 4.28 ± 0.32b
CCI (%) 28.50 ± 1.12 28.07 ± 1.51 28.95 ± 0.42 28.50 ± 0.72

Initial and final growth parameters of Mediterranean mussels placed in midwater of artificial (AR) and natural reefs (NR) in the Aegean Sea

Period Reef type L (mm) W (mm) FW (g) CCI (%)
Summer ’18 AR 54.75 ± 3.11 27.63 ± 1.49 1.96 ± 0.25 24.36 ± 0.84
NR 53.85 ± 3.22 27.23 ± 1.57 1.95 ± 0.45 22.54 ± 0.57
p value 0.8983 0.8983 0.7983 0.1599
Spring ’20 AR 65.42 ± 1.50 32.78 ± 0.65 2.70 ± 0.17 23.28 ± 0.41
NR 66.71 ± 1.93 33.18 ± 0.98 3.81 ± 0.37 27.15 ± 0.87
p value 0.7165 0.6979 0.0127 0.0004
p value (initial & final AR) 0.0099 0.0064 0.0547 0.4755
p value (initial & final NR) 0.0055 0.0089 0.0140 0.0043

Initial and final growth parameters of Mediterranean mussels placed in deepwater of artificial (AR) and natural reefs (NR) in the Aegean Sea

Period Reef type L (mm) W (mm) FW (g) CCI (%)
Summer ’18 AR 54.91 ± 4.09 28.06 ± 1.84 1.91 ± 0.43 22.44 ± 0.64
NR 54.49 ± 6.29 27.85 ± 2.93 2.05 ± 0.48 27.32 ± 2.21
p value 0.9362 0.8102 0.8102 0.0656
Spring ’20 AR 64.40 ± 1.58 32.63 ± 0.85 2.99 ± 0.23 24.03 ± 0.71
NR 69.47 ± 2.21 33.74 ± 1.34 4.96 ± 0.51 30.45 ± 0.95
p value 0.1196 0.6276 0.0026 0.0003
p value (initial & final AR) 0.0183 0.0314 0.0518 0.3642
p value (initial & final NR) 0.0216 0.0116 0.0056 0.2159

Seasonal (from spring 2018 to spring 2020) and two-year growth parameters of Mediterranean mussels placed in artificial (AR) and natural reefs (NR) in the Aegean Sea

Period Reef type Length (mm) Width (mm) Flesh weight (g)
Summer ’18 AR 54.82 ± 2.41 27.83 ± 1.12 1.94 ± 0.23
NR 54.14 ± 3.23 27.52 ± 1.52 1.99 ± 0.32
p value 0.8777 0.8777 1.0000
Autumn ’18 AR 56.68 ± 0.84 29.10 ± 0.43 3.69 ± 0.20
NR 63.85 ± 1.04 32.08 ± 0.50 4.65 ± 0.38
p value 0.0001 0.0002 0.0103
Winter ’19 AR 60.94 ± 1.07 30.46 ± 0.49 4.11 ± 0.26
NR 59.60 ± 1.64 30.80 ± 1.15 3.61 ± 0.34
p value 0.7125 0.9309 0.5391
Spring ’19 AR 61.36 ± 1.46 30.83 ± 0.66 3.37 ± 0.22
NR 65.72 ± 2.71 32.72 ± 1.10 3.50 ± 0.52
p value 0.2853 0.2287 0.7455
Summer ’19 AR 63.07 ± 1.20 31.47 ± 0.58 3.28 ± 0.18
NR 66.49 ± 1.10 32.98 ± 0.73 4.09 ± 0.18
p value 0.0536 0.1135 0.0106
Autumn ’19 AR 66.21 ± 1.34 32.78 ± 0.61 3.00 ± 0.19
NR 61.24 ± 2.73 31.98 ± 1.21 2.84 ± 0.35
p value 0.1106 0.7052 0.6101
Winter ’20 AR 63.30 ± 1.55 31.78 ± 0.73 4.76 ± 0.51
NR 63.06 ± 1.51 31.75 ± 0.72 4.46 ± 0.40
p value 0.7260 0.9853 0.5927
Spring ’20 AR 64.98 ± 1.08 32.71 ± 0.51 2.82 ± 0.14
NR 67.84 ± 1.45 32.41 ± 0.78 4.28 ± 0.32
p value 0.2283 0.4912 0.0001
Two-year AR 61.04 ± 0.47 30.79 ± 0.22 3.58 ± 0.10
NR 64.35 ± 0.67 32.33 ± 0.33 4.10 ± 0.16
p value 0.0010 0.0007 0.0003
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