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Borders on the old maps of Jizera Mountain

Hynek Böhm

Hynek Böhm

  • Institute of Political Science, University of OpoleOpole, Poland
  • Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of LiberecLiberec, Czech Republic
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Böhm, Hynek
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Jiří Šmída

Jiří Šmída

Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of LiberecLiberec, Czech Republic
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Šmída, Jiří
  
31. Okt. 2019
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Online veröffentlicht: 31. Okt. 2019
Seitenbereich: 199 - 209
Eingereicht: 30. Nov. 2018
Akzeptiert: 28. Mai 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0021
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© 2019 Hynek Böhm, Jiří Šmída, published by Sciendo
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Figure 1

Overview of the geographical coverage of maps used in this paper (for numbering of maps see the list of maps at the end of the paper). Source: own elaboration
Overview of the geographical coverage of maps used in this paper (for numbering of maps see the list of maps at the end of the paper). Source: own elaboration

Figure 2

Comparison of the tourist trail on the old map of 1907 (Matouschek) and current tourist map. Source: left – Adolph, C Bengler, A. 1907 (1:100 000, author’s private collection); right – Seznam.cz 2018.
Comparison of the tourist trail on the old map of 1907 (Matouschek) and current tourist map. Source: left – Adolph, C Bengler, A. 1907 (1:100 000, author’s private collection); right – Seznam.cz 2018.

Figure 3

Indication of distance between two places in two countries (on a tourist map). Source: fragment of the map Vom Oybin bis zur Schneekoppe, Gustav Adolph, Gablonz 1927 or 1929 (1:100 000, author’s private collection).
Indication of distance between two places in two countries (on a tourist map). Source: fragment of the map Vom Oybin bis zur Schneekoppe, Gustav Adolph, Gablonz 1927 or 1929 (1:100 000, author’s private collection).

Figure 4

Depiction of tourist marked paths (red lines) frequently crossing the border (blue ribbon). Source: fragment of Josef Matouschek’s tourist map Spezialkarte vom Jeschken und Isergebirge, Reichenberg 1927 (1:50 000, author’s private collection).
Depiction of tourist marked paths (red lines) frequently crossing the border (blue ribbon). Source: fragment of Josef Matouschek’s tourist map Spezialkarte vom Jeschken und Isergebirge, Reichenberg 1927 (1:50 000, author’s private collection).

Figure 5

Illustration of the same border territory using Czech and German geopolitics. Source: Havránek 1926 (1:60 000), Adolph 1927/1929 (1:100 000), (both author’s private collection).
Illustration of the same border territory using Czech and German geopolitics. Source: Havránek 1926 (1:60 000), Adolph 1927/1929 (1:100 000), (both author’s private collection).

Figure 6

The “invisible” linguistic border and mis-depiction of the names of Czech villages by a cartographer publishing only in German (Gustav Adolph, 1927 or 1929, on the left) and a cartographer familiar with both languages (Josef Matouschek, 1927, on the right). Source: the image is from an interactive web map application developed for the purpose of studying and demonstrating the language boundary in the course of our project (Šmída, Vrbík 2017).
The “invisible” linguistic border and mis-depiction of the names of Czech villages by a cartographer publishing only in German (Gustav Adolph, 1927 or 1929, on the left) and a cartographer familiar with both languages (Josef Matouschek, 1927, on the right). Source: the image is from an interactive web map application developed for the purpose of studying and demonstrating the language boundary in the course of our project (Šmída, Vrbík 2017).

Figure 7

The example of a map with confusing political borders (Vom Oybin bis zur Schneekoppe map of 1939, see legend).Source: own elaboration based on Adolph 1939 (1:100 000, author’s private collection).
The example of a map with confusing political borders (Vom Oybin bis zur Schneekoppe map of 1939, see legend).Source: own elaboration based on Adolph 1939 (1:100 000, author’s private collection).

Development of state organizations and languages used in the region

PeriodBorders betweenBorder-crossing regimeLanguages used on both sides of the border
1871–1918Austrian Empire – GermanyFreeAlmost exclusively German
1918–1938Czechoslovakia – GermanyStrictly controlledPredominantly German (with minor usage of Czech on the Czechoslovak side)
1938–1945No borders (annexation of Sudetenland by the Third Reich)Controlled with the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, free on the former 1918–1938 borderGerman (with minor usage of Czech)

Border typology, their characteristics and appropriate old maps

Type of borderCharacteristicsMaps corresponding to the individual border typesHistorical period
• Rigidly divide two countries
Alienated• Militarized border areasIn 1938
• Minimal transborder traffic
•Borders filter transborder flowsAdolph, G 1927 or 1929, Vom Oybin bis zur Schneekoppe
Coexistent• States maintain contact and cooperateHavránek, J 1926, Krkonoše a Hory Jizerské1918–1938
• Most land borders in the worldMatouschek, J 1927 , Spezialkarte vom Jeschken und Isergebirge
Inter-dependent• Countries have achieved a high degree of political rapprochement and mutual trustAdolph, G, Bengler, A 1907, Vom Oybin bis zur SchneekoppeUntil 1918
• Visa regime is lifted, border areas are fully demilitarized
• Completely open borderMapy.cz (Seznam.cz)After Munich Agreement of 1938 – May 1945, 2007 – now
Integrated• Cross-border agglomerations and region with governance structurescreatedAdolph, G 1939, Vom Oybin bis zur Schneekoppe
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