Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Methods of increasing the fire resistance of paper products


Zitieren

1. Joseph, P.; Tretsiakova-McNally, S.: Chemical modification of natural and synthetic textile fibres to improve flame retardancy. In Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles, 1st ed.; Kilinc, F. S., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, 2013; pp 37–67.10.1533/9780857098931.1.37Search in Google Scholar

2. Nováková, M.: Retardéry hoření pro archivní lepenky. diplomová práce, VŠCHT Praha, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

3. Rowell, R. M.; LeVan-Green, S. L.: Thermal Properties. In Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, 1st ed.; Rowell, R. M., Ed.; Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, 2005; pp 121–138.10.1201/9780203492437Search in Google Scholar

4. Yang, C. Q.: Flame resistant cotton. In Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles, 1st ed.; Kilinc, F. S., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, 2013; pp 177–220.10.1533/9780857098931.2.177Search in Google Scholar

5. Yang, H.; Yan, R.; CHen, H.; Lee, D. H.; Zheng, Ch.: Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel2007, 86 (12-13), 1781–1788.10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013Search in Google Scholar

6. Shafizadeh, F.; A. G. W. Bradbury: Thermal degradation of cellulose in air and nitrogen at low temperatures. Journal of Polymer Science1979, 23 (5), 1431–1442.10.1002/app.1979.070230513Search in Google Scholar

7. Pielichowski, K.; Njuguna, J.: Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials, 1st ed.; Rapra Technology Limited: Shawbury, 2005.10.1016/B978-0-12-823023-7.00014-9Search in Google Scholar

8. Alongi, J.; Malucelli, G.: Cotton flame retardancy: state of the art and future perspectives. RSC Advances2015, 5 (31), 24239–24263.10.1039/C5RA01176KSearch in Google Scholar

9. Shafizadeh, F.: The Chemistry of Pyrolysis and Combustion. In The Chemistry of Solid Wood; Rowell, R., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1984; Vol. 207, pp 489–529.10.1021/ba-1984-0207.ch013Search in Google Scholar

10. Krčma, L.: Degradace textilních vláken a ochrana proti ní, 1st ed.; SNTL: Praha, 1976.Search in Google Scholar

11. Netopilová, M.: Materiály: Stavební materiály, 1st ed.; Sdružení požárního a bezpečnostního inženýrství v Ostravě: Ostrava, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

12. Bajpai, P.: Pulp and Paper Industry – Chemicals, 1st ed.; Elsevier, 2015.10.1016/B978-0-12-803408-8.00001-9Search in Google Scholar

13. Shen, K. K.; Kochesfahani, S. H.; Jouffret, F.: Boron-Based Flame Retardants and Flame Retardancy. In Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed.; Wilkie, Ch. A., Morgan, A. B., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton: 2009; pp 207–237.10.1201/9781420084009-c9Search in Google Scholar

14. Alongi, J.; Malucelli, G.: Thermal Degradation of Cellulose and Cellulosic Substrates. In Reactions and Mechanisms in Thermal Analysis of Advanced Materials; Tiwari, A., Raj, B., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: USA, 2015; pp 301–332.10.1002/9781119117711.ch14Search in Google Scholar

15. Shen, K. K.: Review of Recent Advances on the Use of Boron-based Flame Retardants. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 367–388.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00011-1Search in Google Scholar

16. Kupilík, V.: Stavební konstrukce z požárního hlediska; Grada Publishing a.s.: Praha, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

17. Rodová, N.; Fišer, S.; Skalický, Č.; Suchitra, Z.; Šimůnková, J.; Kacafírek, S.; Nevečeřal, K.; Kopp, J.: Samozhášivý papír. Popis vynálezu k autorskému osvědčení 252437, Aug 22, 1988.Search in Google Scholar

18. Dong, L. Y.; Zhu, Y. J.: A New Kind of Fireproof, Flexible, Inorganic, Nanocomposite Paper and Its Application to the Protection Layer in Flame-Retardant Fiber-Optic Cables. Chemistry – A European Journal2017, 23 (19), 4597–4604.10.1002/chem.20160455227943477Search in Google Scholar

19. Kozlowski, R. M.; Muzyczek, M.; Walentovka, J.: Flame Retardancy and protection against Biodeterioration of Natural Fibers: State-of-Art and Future Prospects. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 801–836.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00023-8Search in Google Scholar

20. Joseph, P.; Ebdom, J.: Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants. In Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed.; Wilkie, Ch. A., Morgan, A. B., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton: 2009; pp 107–127.10.1201/9781420084009-c5Search in Google Scholar

21. Sutker, B. J.: Flame Retardants. In Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, 2012; Vol. 15, pp 53–71.Search in Google Scholar

22. Tesoro, G. C.: Chemical Modification of Polymers with Flame-Retardant Compounds. Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews1978, 13 (1), 283–353.10.1002/pol.1978.230130106Search in Google Scholar

23. ČSN EN ISO 13943. Požární bezpečnost – Slovník. Praha: Úřad pro technickou normalizaci, metrologii a státní zkušebnictví, 2011. 84 p.Search in Google Scholar

24. Morgan, A. B.; Wilkie, Ch. A.: An Introduction to Polymeric Flame Retardancy, Its Role in Material Science, and the Current State of the Field. In Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed.; Wilkie, Ch. A., Morgan, A. B., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton: 2009; pp 1–42.10.1201/9781420084009-c1Search in Google Scholar

25. ASTM D777-97. Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Treated Paper and Paperboard. West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

26. Kandola, B. K.; Horrocks, A. R.; Price, D.: Flame-Retardant Treatments of Cellulose and Their Influence on the Mechanism of Cellulose Pyrolysis. Journal of Macro-molecular Science, Part C1996, 36 (4), 721–79.10.1080/15321799608014859Search in Google Scholar

27. Rouette, H. K.: Encyclopedia of Textile Finishing: A-F; Springer: Berlin, 2001.10.1007/978-3-642-85271-8Search in Google Scholar

28. Levan, S. L.: Chemistry of Fire Retardancy. In The Chemistry of Solid Wood; Rowell, R., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington D. C., 1984; Vol. 207, pp 531–574.10.1021/ba-1984-0207.ch014Search in Google Scholar

29. Morgan, A. B.: The Future of Flame Retardant Polymers – Unmet Needs and Likely New Approaches. Polymer Reviews2018, 59 (1), 25–54.10.1080/15583724.2018.1454948Search in Google Scholar

30. Shen, K. K.: Boron compounds as fire retardants. In Flame Retardants 101: Basic Dynamics: Past efforts create future opportunities, Baltimore Marriott Inner Harbor Hotel, Maryland, 24.–27. 3. 1996; CRC Press: Lancaster, 1998; pp 137–143.Search in Google Scholar

31. Ash, M.; Ash, I.: Handbook of Food Packaging Chemicals and Materials, 2nd ed.; Synapse Information Resources, Inc.: Endicott, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

32. Ash, M.; Ash, I.: Handbook of Paper and Pulp Chemicals, 2nd ed.; Synapse Information Resources, Inc.: Endicott, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

33. Ash, M.; Ash, I.: Specialty Chemicals – Source Book, 4th ed.; Synapse Information Resources, Inc.: Endicott, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

34. Shen, K. K.: Boron-based Flame Retardants in Non-Halogen-based Polymers. In Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook, 1st ed.; Morgan, A. B., Wilkie, Ch. A., Eds.; Wiley-Scrivener: US, 2014; pp 201–241.10.1002/9781118939239.ch6Search in Google Scholar

35. Humphrey, S. B.: Fire retardant paper and paper board. US patent US3770577A, Sept 23, 1969.Search in Google Scholar

36. U.S. BORAX PRODUCTS. 20 MULE TEAM BORAX. https://www.borax.com/products (accessed May 26, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

37. Huber, C.; Jahromy, S. S.; Birkelbach, F.; et al.: The multistep decomposition of boric acid. Energy Science & Engineering2020, 8 (5), 1650–1666.10.1002/ese3.622Search in Google Scholar

38. Borates for fire retardancy in cellulosic materials. Technical Bulletin, 2019. 20 Mule Team® Borax. https://www.borax.com/BoraxCorp/media/Borax-Main/Resources/Technical-Bulletin/borates-fire-retardancy-cellulosic-materials.pdf?ext=.pdf. (accessed May 25, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

39. Seznam látek vzbuzujících mimořádné obavy podléhajících povolení – Disodium octaborate. ECHA. https://echa.europa.eu/cs/candidate-list-table/-/dislist/details/0b0236e18260bc78 (accessed May 03, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

40. Seznam látek vzbuzujících mimořádné obavy podléhajících povolení – Tetraboron disodium heptaoxide, hydrate. ECHA. https://echa.europa.eu/cs/candidate-list-table/-/dislist/details/0b0236e1807d9fd3 (accessed May 03, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

41. Šimůnková, E.; Kučerová, I.: Dřevo, 2nd ed.; Společnost pro technologie ochrany památek: Praha, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

42. Vail, J. G.: Soluble Silicates - Their Properties and Uses: Chemistry; American Chemical Society Monograph Series, 1–2; Reinhold Publishing Corporation: New York, 1952.Search in Google Scholar

43. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, volume 17; Government Printing Office: Washington, 1880.Search in Google Scholar

44. Lowden, L. A.; Hull, T. R.: Flammability behaviour of wood and a review of the methods for its reduction. Fire Science Reviews2013, 2 (4), 1–19.10.1186/2193-0414-2-4Search in Google Scholar

45. Slimak, K. M.; Slimak, R. A.: Process of using sodium silicate to create fire retardant products. patent US 6,827,984 B2, Dec 07, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

46. Svatoň, J.: Ochrana dřeva, 1st ed.; Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně: Brno, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

47. Pélégris, Ch.; Rivenet, M.; Traisnel, M.: Intumescent Silicates: Synthesis, Characterization and Fire Protective Effect. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers: New Applications of Mineral Fillers, 1st ed.; Le Bras, M., Bourbigot, S., Duquesne, S., Jama, Ch., Wilkie, Ch., Eds.; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2005; Chapter 5, pp 68–78.10.1039/9781847552396-00068Search in Google Scholar

48. Awad, W. H.: Recent Developments in Silicon-Based Fame Retardants. In Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed.; Wilkie, Ch. A., Morgan, A. B., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton: 2009; pp 187–206.10.1201/9781420084009-c8Search in Google Scholar

49. Han, Z.; Fina, A.; Camino, G.: Organosilicon compounds as Polymer Fire Retardants. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 389–418.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00012-3Search in Google Scholar

50. Morgan, A. B.; Gilman, J. W.: An overview of flame retardancy of polymeric materials: application, technology, and future directions. Fire and Materials2013, 37 (4), 259–279.10.1002/fam.2128Search in Google Scholar

51. Hörold, S.: Phosphorus-based and Intumescent Flame Retardants. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 221–254.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00006-8Search in Google Scholar

52. Hull, T. R.; Law, R. J.; Bergman, Å.: Environmental Drivers for Replacement of Halogenated Flame Retardants. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 119–179.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00004-4Search in Google Scholar

53. Jadhav, S. D.: A review of non-halogenated flame retardant. The Pharma Innovation Journal2018, 7 (5), 380–386.Search in Google Scholar

54. Kiliaris, P.; Papaspyrides, C. D. Polymers on Fire. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 1–43.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00001-9Search in Google Scholar

55. Clermont, L. P.: Fire retardants for wood and paper. Patent Document 934105, Sept 25, 1973.Search in Google Scholar

56. Ash, M.; Ash, I.: Handbook of Green Chemicals, 2nd ed.; Synapse Information Resources, Inc.: Endicott, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

57. FR-11. ICL Industrial Products. http://www.icl-ip.com/product/fr-11/ (accessed May 06, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

58. Bocchini, S.; Camino, G.: Halogen-Containing Flame Retardants. In Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed.; Wilkie, Ch. A., Morgan, A. B., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton: 2009; pp 75–105.10.1201/9781420084009-c4Search in Google Scholar

59. Doversperse water dispersed chlorinated alkanes. Dover Chemical Corporation. https://www.doverchem.com/doversperse-water-dispersed-chlorinated-alkanes (accessed May 06, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

60. The 12 initial POPs under the Stockholm Convention. Stockholm Convention. http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/The12InitialPOPs/tabid/296/Default.aspx (accessed May 27, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

61. Sauerwein R.: Mineral Filler Flame Retardants. In Non-Halogen-based Polymers. In Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook, 1st ed.; Morgan, A. B., Wilkie, Ch. A., Eds.; Wiley-Scrivener: US, 2014; pp 75–141.10.1002/9781118939239.ch3Search in Google Scholar

62. Rothon, R.; Hornsby, P.: Fire Retardant Fillers for Polymers. In Polymer Green Flame Retardants, 1st ed.; Papaspyrides, C. D., Kiliaris, P., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; pp 289–321.10.1016/B978-0-444-53808-6.00009-3Search in Google Scholar

63. Hornsby, P.: Fire-Retardant Fillers. In Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, 2nd ed.; Wilkie, Ch. A., Morgan, A. B., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton: 2009; pp 163–185.10.1201/9781420084009-c7Search in Google Scholar

64. Product Finder. Huber Engineered Materials. https://www.hubermaterials.com/products/product-finder.aspx?navigationid=8 (accessed May 26, 2020).10.1016/S0262-1762(20)30144-9Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1804-1213
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
4 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Industrielle Chemie, Chemieingenieurwesen, Materialwissenschaft, Keramik und Glas