Perceptions of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Behaviors Within Military Hierarchies

[1] Department of the Army (2006). Army leadership (FM-6-22). Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army. Search in Google Scholar

[2] Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88, No. 2, 207–218. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207. Search in Google Scholar

[3] Shamir, B., Zakay, E., Breinin, E., & Popper, M. (1998). Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates’ attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors’ appraisals of leader performance. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 384–409. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Lowe, K., Kroeck, K., and Sivasubramaniam, N., (1996). “Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A Meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature”, Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 3, 385-425. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 735–744. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Hardy, L., Arthur, C. A., Jones, G., Shariff, A., Munnoch, K., Isaacs, I., Allsopp, A. J. (2010). The relationship between transformational leadership behaviors, psychological, and training outcomes in elite military recruits, The Leadership Quarterly 21, 20-32. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effect on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. The leadership quarterly, 1, 107-142. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Schriesheim, C. A., Castro, S. L., Zhou, X. & DeChurch, L. A. (2006). An investigation of path-goal and transformational leadership theory predictions at the level of analyses. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 21-38. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Kirkbride, P. (2005). Developing transformational leaders: The full range leadership model in action, Industrial and commercial training, Vol. 38. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Ozaralli, N. (2003). Effects of transformational leadership on empowerment and team effectiveness, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(6). Search in Google Scholar

[11] Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. (1999). Reexamining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 7, 441–462. Search in Google Scholar

[12] Nunnaly, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3^rd ed.) New York NY: McGraw-Hill. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Wang, H., Law, K.S., Hackett, R.D., Wang, D. & Chen, Z.H. (2005). Leader-member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior, Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 420-432. Search in Google Scholar